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Christian Thought and Philosophy FInal > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Milesians’ Big Idea?

A

Everything in the world is reducible to one kind of stuff.

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2
Q

What is Pythagoras’ Big Idea?

A

Everything in the world is reducible to numbers.

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3
Q

What is Heraclitus’ Big Idea?

A

Change is fundamental to reality.

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4
Q

What is Parmenides’ Big Idea?

A

Change and division are illusions; everything is ultimately one.

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5
Q

What is Anaxagoras’s Big Idea?

A

Mind is prior to matter and explains its order.

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6
Q

What is the Atomists’ Big Idea?

A

Everything is reducible to the interaction of material particles.

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7
Q

What is the Sophists’ Big Idea?

A

There is no objective truth or knowledge, so the goal of philosophical argument is persuasion in the interests of power.

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8
Q

What is Socrates’ Big Idea?

A

We should pursue truth and clarity through rational inquiry and dialogue.

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9
Q

What is Plato’s Big Idea?

A

The objects of sense experience are not the ultimate reality; they are merely imperfect copies of the perfect, paradigmatic, abstract, transcendent Forms.

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10
Q

What is Aristotle’s Big Idea?

A

All natural objects (including humans) are form-matter composites whose essential natures determine their ends.

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11
Q

What is Epicurus’ Big Idea?

A

Ethical goodness is a matter of qualitative individual human pleasure.

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12
Q

What is the Stoic’s Big Idea?

A

Everything is determined by fate, so learn to go with the flow.

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13
Q

What is the Skeptic’s Big Idea?

A

No one knows anything for sure, so just do what works.

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14
Q

What is Plotinus’ Big Idea?

A

All reality is a necessary overflow of being from the One–but the greater the distance from the One, the less the goodness.

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15
Q

What is Justin Martyr’s Big Idea?

A

Philosophy is good and Christianity is the best philosophy.

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16
Q

What is Irenaeus’ Big Idea?

A

Evil is a necessary condition for human moral development.

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17
Q

What is Tertullian’s Big Idea?

A

Greek philosophy is no match for Scripture and apostolic tradition.

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18
Q

What is Clement’s Big Idea?

A

Greek philosophy is Christianity’s ally.

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19
Q

What is Origen’s Big Idea?

A

Neoplatonism can help us understand and defend Christian doctrines.

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20
Q

What is Augustine’s Big Idea?

A

God is the absolutely sovereign Creator, and we are utterly dependent on God for existence, knowledge, goodness, and salvation.

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21
Q

What is Anselm’s Big Idea?

A

Philosophical reasoning can help Christians better understand their faith.

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22
Q

What is Aquinas’ Big Idea?

A

Aristotelian philosophy confirms that Christian theology is reasonable.

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23
Q

What is Luther’s Big Idea?

A

Scripture alone is the Word of God–so we can do just fine without Aristotle!

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24
Q

What is Calvin’s Big Idea?

A

God’s existence and nature are evident from creation, but because we have fallen wills and intellects, we sinfully suppress our natural knowledge of God.

25
What is Descartes’ Big Idea?
We are essentially thinking substances, and self-knowledge is the foundation for all other knowledge.
26
What is Spinoza’s Big Idea?
God and Nature are one and the same, and everything else follows from that by logical necessity.
27
What is Leibniz’s Big Idea?
God has created the best possible world, and whatever happens in this world must happen for a sufficient reason.
28
What is Locke’s Big Idea?
Our minds are blank slates at birth, but everything we need to know can be derived from sense experience.
29
What is Berkeley’s Big Idea?
Reality is entirely mental, nothing exists that isn’t perceived, and God is the Absolute Perceiver.
30
What is Hume’s Big Idea?
Everything we know must be derived from sense experience, which means we don’t know nearly as much as we thought we knew.
31
What is Pascal’s Big Idea?
Christianity is probably true—but even if it weren’t, it would still make pragmatic sense to pursue faith.
32
What is Butler’s Big Idea?
Christianity can’t be proven with certainty, but we can show with arguments from analogy that it is very probably true.
33
What is Reid’s Big Idea?
It doesn’t make good sense to doubt our common sense.
34
What is Paley’s Big Idea?
We infer that the universe had a creator in the same way that we infer that a watch had a maker.
35
What is Kant’s Big Idea?
The world of sense experience is a construction of the active human mind, and anything beyond that world is strictly unknowable.
36
What is Hegel’s Big Idea?
History is essentially the history of ideas, and it proceeds by way of a dialectical process that is the self-actualization of an Absolute Mind.
37
What is Marx’s Big Idea?
History is essentially the history of deterministic, materialistic, economic forces, and will eventually and inevitably lead to a communist utopia of economic equilibrium.
38
What is Kierkegaard’s Big Idea?
Authentic human existence consists in a relationship with God based on an individual choice to exercise faith beyond reason.
39
What is Husserl’s Big Idea?
The fundamental structure of human consciousness necessarily reveals the fundamental structure of reality.
40
What is Heidegger’s Big Idea?
The fundamental question of philosophy concerns the meaning of Being, and the answer to that question can be found in human being.
41
What is Sartre’s Big Idea?
Since my existence precedes my essence, I (and only I) am radically free to determine my own nature and the meaning of my life.
42
What is Frege’s Big Idea?
The foundations of mathematics can be uncovered with the help of formal symbolic logic.
43
What is Russell’s Big Idea?
Philosophy can be cleaned up by developing a ‘ideal’ logical language to express our thoughts with precision and without ambiguity.
44
What is the “Early” Wittgenstein’s Big Idea?
The function of language is to picture a world of facts, and sentences that don’t picture facts in the world don’t tell us anything meaningful.
45
What is the “Later” Wittgenstein’s Big Idea?
Words and sentences only have meaning in the context of a public language-game, and philosophical problems only arise when those words and sentences are removed from their native language-game.
46
What is Nietzsche’s Big Idea?
The idea of God is dead—we killed it—and the only alternative to nihilism is to create a new value system through the willful exercise of human power.
47
What is Peirce’s Big Idea?
Our beliefs must be clarified and justified by public experimental testing.
48
What is James’s Big Idea?
Our beliefs can be justified on the basis of our will, apart from reasons or evidence, and they will become true if they turn out to be successful in practice.
49
What is Dewey’s Big Idea?
Truths and values are not external to us and independent of us, “out there” waiting to be discovered; they are constructed by us in the course of everyday problem-solving.
50
What is Kuhn’s Big Idea?
Scientists do not follow a single, objective, disinterested, rational method, and scientific progress does not mean that successive theories take us ever closer to the truth.
51
What is Foucault’s Big Idea?
Knowledge claims are not justified on the basis of necessary truths or principles that transcend human cultures; they are really concealed power plays.
52
What is Derrida’s Big Idea?
No text has a definitive, authoritative, reader-independent interpretation; a text has as many meanings as it has readers.
53
What is Rorty’s Big Idea?
Truth has nothing to do with our thoughts mirroring a mind-independent world; truth is merely those descriptions of the world that we happen to prefer over alternative descriptions.
54
What is Hackett’s Big Idea?
Natural theology isn’t dead; the existence of God can be demonstrated on the basis of a rational empiricist epistemology.
55
What is Swinburne’s Big Idea?
Natural theology isn’t dead; Christian theism can be shown to be very probable on the basis of Bayesian evidential arguments.
56
What is Craig’s Big Idea?
Natural theology isn’t dead; Christian theism can be shown to be very probable by the Kalam cosmological argument and a historical case for the Resurrection.
57
What is Van Til’s Big Idea?
All rational human thought presupposes Christian theism.
58
What is Clark’s Big Idea?
The only logically consistent system of thought is one that takes the divine inspiration of the Bible as its axiom.
59
What is Plantinga’s Big Idea?
Christian beliefs are properly basic and therefore don’t need to be rationally justified on the basis of arguments or empirical evidences.

Christian Thought and Philosophy FInal (1 decks)

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