Final Flashcards
What pattern do we read digital material?
F-Pattern
What pattern do we read print material?
Z-Pattern
What pattern is ideal over the F-pattern in digital media?
Layer Cake Pattern
How do you organize the layer cake pattern?
Use the inverted pyramid (Primary Info > Secondary Info > Tertiary Info
What are the 10 key principles of visual design?
- Balance
- Contrast
- Emphasis
- Unity
- Proximity
- Repetition
- Alignment
- Hierarchy
- Simplicity
- Negative Space
What is important when choosing colours for your design?
Accessibility (colour blind)
What are primary sources?
When you or your company is responsible for gathering the data
What is important when conducting research?
Being ethical
What is random sampling?
Each sampling unit has an equal chance of being included in the actual sample
What is Stratified Random Sampling?
Taking the population and splitting them into groups, and randomly choosing from that group
What is Clustered Sampling?
Probability sampling in which you divide population into clusters and randomly select clusters as samples.
What is Snowball (Referral) Sampling?
When an existing study participant recruits future participants from their networks.
What is Purposeful Sampling?
Intentionally selecting participants based on specific characteristics
What are the 2 types of quantitative research?
- Before/After Design
- Controlled Before/After Design (Having a control group)
What is a focus group?
A moderated “meeting” with numerous people to gather qualitative data.
What is a Personal Interview?
A 1-on-1 interview with a participant to gather qualitative data.
In research data presentation, what does “Most” mean?
85%+
In research data presentation, what does “Majority” mean?
> 50%
How many levels of Heading Hierarchies are there?
5
What are the 2 types of Headings?
- Talking headings
- Functional/Descriptive headings
Do headings within a report need to be in parallel?
Yes.
Should you be monotonous or varied in titling your headings?
Varied.
What are the 4 characteristics of a report?
- Orderly
- Objective
- Factual
- Actionable
What are the 3 main purposes of a report?
- To Inform
- To Analyze
- To Recommend
What is the Problem Statement in a report?
A statement that clearly defines the problem and how the problem affects the business
What is the Purpose Statement in a report?
The statement that narrows down the problem and the scope to examine the “why”
What 4 characteristics of a source makes it credible?
- Purpose
- Validity
- Qualifications
- Structure
How many Levels of reports are there?
7
Is the 1st level or 7th level report more formal?
1st level
What are the 3 secitons of a formal report?
- Front Matter
- Body
- Back Matter
What 6 components make up the Front Matter of a formal report?
- Title Fly
- Title Page
- Transmittal Document
- Table of Contents
- List of Figures
- Executive Summary
When does a Title Fly appear in reports?
In the most formal of formal reports
What is the Kipling Method for titles?
5W1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)
What 4 components make up the Title Page?
- Title
- Who the report is prepared for
- Who wrote the paper
- Date
What does the Transmittal Document do?
Describes the project the report is about and summarizes findings
What is the Executive Summary (Abstract)?
A page summarizing the report
(There is an overlap b/w transitive report and the executive summary)
What 3 components make up the Body of a report?
- Introduction
- Findings
- Ending
What does the Introduction do?
- Tells who authored (if no title page)
- Provides background info
- Defines problem and purpose of report
- States the significance of the report
- Defines the scope and limitations of the report
- Provides brief overview of sources or defines vocabulary and how you collected primary data
What does the Conclusion do?
- Reviews major findings
- Answers research questions
- Reccommends a resolution/conclusion
What 2 components makes up the Back Matter?
- Bibliography
- Appendices
What does the Transmittal Document do that the Executive Summary does not?
Offers assitance in answering questions
What are the 2 main questions you must ask when preparing for an oral presentation?
- What is my purpose?
- Who is my audience?
What are the 3 main purposes of oral presentations?
- To Inform
- To Sell
- To Entertain
What are the 4 types of Audience?
- Friendly
- Neutral
- Uninterested
- Hostile
What is the saying to help audiences understand your oral presentations?
Tell me, I forget. Show me, I remember. Involve me, I understand.
Why is an outline and conclusion slide important in an oral presentation?
You drive home the main points of the presentation by telling the audience multiple times
What is the purpose of the Opening in oral presentations?
- Captures Attention
- Establishes Credibility
- Preview Main Points
What is the purpose of the Conclusion in oral presentations?
- Summarizes main themes
- Includes memorable take-aways
- Indicated the presentation is over
What are 6 examples of visual aids?
- Flip Charts & Boards
- Handouts
- Infographics
- Video
- Props
- Slides
What 3 things should you be constantly doing within your presentation?
- Analyze
- Anticipate
- Adapt
What are non-verbal messages you can send?
- Looking professional
- Animating your body
- Punctuating your words
- Moving around your space
- Varying your facial expressions
What is the ultimate purpose of imagery?
To describe a scenario that allows your audience to derive their own conclusions and stimulate conversation
What is the most important way to gain audience attention?
Be interested in the material yourself
What are 4 delivery methods for oral presentations?
- Memorize everything!
- Selective Memorization
- Cue Cards
- Rehearse
What is culture?
The complex system of values, traits, morals, and customs shared by a society, region, or country
What 3 major factors affect culture?
- History
- Religion
- Geography
What are High-context cultures?
- Prefers indirect verbal interactions.
- Avoids saying “no” directly
- Collectivism
- Timely relaxed
- More power for higher-status people
- Emphasis on body language and contextual information
What are Low-context cultures?
- Prefers direct verbal interactions
- Individualism
- Time oriented
- Less power for higher-status people
- Emphasis on words
What is a stereotype?
A broad, often oversimplified assumption is made about all members in a particular group
What can you best do to ensure accurate spoken communication inter-culturally?
Encourage accurate feedback to ensure your message was interpreted the way you intended.
What can you best do to ensure accurate written communication inter-culturally?
Use a translator
What are two-word verbs?
Verbs combined with a preposition or adverb particle to form a single, idiomatic meaning (e.g., locked up, going out, give up, etc.)
What is a functional resume?
A resume that emphasizes skills and abilities over chronological work history
What is an accomplishment resume?
A resume that is sepcific, measureable, action-oriented, and demonstrates results rather than just listing job duties.
What is a reverse chronological resume?
A resume that lists your work experience and education starting with your most recent information, progressing backwards in time.
What is an ATS and what does it do?
Applicant Tracking System
Uses algorithms to go a first glance at potentially qualified applicants
What is, at its heart, is a cover letter?
A persuasive document.
What is the purpose of an interview for the employer?
Assesses abilities
Discusses knowledge and experience
Sees what motivates you
Determines fit
What is the purpose of an interview for the applicant?
Demonstrates potential
Expands on resume
Learns more about the job
Determines fit
What are the 7 types of interviews?
- Screening
- 1-on-1
- Panel
- Group
- Sequential
- Stress
- Online, Telephone, and Virtual
How should you dress for your interview?
Business attire, with clean and ironed clothes, ensuring proper personal hygiene
When does the interview start?
When you walk into the building.
What should you do when you meet and greet someone?
- Confident Handshake
- Introduce and REPEAT NAMES
- Be polite
- Relax!
What are 6 common interview mistakes?
- Failing to make eye contact
- Failing to smile
- Playing with something on the table
- Having bad posture
- Fidgeting too much in their seat
- Crossing their arms over their chest
What are 7 typical questions to be asked in an interview?
- Questions to get acquainted
- Questions to gauge interest
- Questions about your experience
- Questions about your future
- Challenging questions
- Situational questions
- Behavioural questions
What is the STAR method and when should you employ it?
During Behavioural Questions
Situation
Task
Action
Results
What should the interviewers NOT ask you?
- Marital status
- Age
- Religion
- Sexual Orientation
- Pregnancy Status
What should you do after the interview?
- Thank your interviewer
- Contact your references
- Follow Up
What other employment documents should you be aware of?
- Application Form
- Application or resume follow-up message
- Rejection follow-up message
- Job acceptance and rejection messages
- Resignation letter
What are the 3 stages of the listening process?
- Sensing
- Filtering
- Remembering
What are 3 barriers to listening?
- Physical
- Psychological
- Language
What are 6 characteristics of active listening?
- Controlling your surroundings
- Cultivating a receptive mindset
- Listening for main points
- Taking notes
- Providing feedback
- Waiting for your turn
What are 4 Non-Verbal Languages?
- Eye contact
- Facial Expressions
- Posture/Gestures
- Paralanguage
What is Paralanguage?
Nonlexical compontents of speech: pitch, tone, speed, etc. (e.g., sarcasm)
What 3 things send messages?
- Time (How we arrive)
- Space (Organization fo space)
- Territory (Personal space)
What are the 4 zones of social interactions?
- Public
- Social
- Personal
- Intimate
What 10 skills can you improve to increase your non-verbal abilities?
- Eye contact
- Posture
- Physical barriers
- Clarity
- Decoding skills
- Self-observation
- Diversity
- Appearance
- Context
- Asking for Help
What is a 3 point introduction?
- Ask for person by name
- Introduce yourself
- State reason for calling
What should you do when receiving calls?
- Identify yourself
- Take messages carefully
- Explain transfers
What 3 things should you consider when using your smartphones?
- Good choice of location
- Don’t drag out the conversation unnecessarily
- Modulate your voice, but don’t yell
What are 5 things you need to do for meetings?
- Know the purpose
- Know the location
- Know the participants
- Send out Invitations
- Develop an Agenda
What components are in an Agenda?
- What will be discussed?
- Who will lead the discussion?
- How much time do they have?
How do you handle conflict in a meeting?
If 2 people disagree, the leader or 3rd party will act as moderator.
How should you close a meeting?
- End on time
- Summarize and delegate (send out filled agenda)
- Ensure understanding
What is teamwork?
The integration of individual efforts towards a shared goal
What are the Foundational traits of a team?
Clear Goals
Roles
Rules
Communication
What are the Secondary traits of a team?
Diverse
Participatory
Manage Conflict
What are the Tertiary traits of a team?
Positive
Cooperative
What are 4 characteristics of a successful team?
- Small, but diverse
- Agree on purpose, procedures, and roles
- Good communicators
- Share leadership
Within conflict, what can usually be found?
Middle ground
What are the 5 conflict strategies?
- Competitive
- Conflict avoidant
- Compromising
- Accommodative
- Collaborative
What are the 2 most helpful conflict strategies? The 2 least helpful?
- Collaborative and Accommodative
- Competitive and Conflict Avoidant
What is the most assertive conflict strategy? The least assertive?
- Competitive
- Accomodative
Is conflict always bad?
NO!
What are 4 ways to defuse conflict?
- Listen
- Avoid jumping to conclusions
- Judge content, not delivery
- Provide feedback
What are 5 ways you can professionally respond to criticism?
- Listen
- Acknowledge
- Paraphrase
- Ask for information
- Look for middle position
