final Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is motivation?
The process that controls both direction and strength of choice made by a person among alternative courses of actions
Why should we motivate in the workplace?
Increase performance and production
What are some classification of motivation theories?
Person as a machine
What is “self-actualization”?
Desire to develop their capacities to the fullest
How many needs are there? Do they change with time/age?
McClelland
Who created learned need theory?
McClelland
What was used to assess the needs of McClelland’s learned needs theory?
Thematic apperception test
What are the three types of reward in the reinforcement theory?
Contingent reward – based on a specific task
How does Needs Theory relate to findings from the Economic Forum about job motivation post-pandemic?
They increase performance
How do reward contingencies impact motivation?
They increase performance
What is the equity theory?
By Adams (1965)
What behavioural modes reduce inequity?
Change inputs
What cognitive modes reduce inequity?
Distort own input and outputs
How is Equity Theory different from Reinforcement Theory? What does the theory predict would happen to motivation if pay is increased for piecework?
The key differences lie in their focus:
or decreased?
Underpayment: work to decrease input
What is the expectancy theory equation?
Motivation = expectancy ( sum of valence x instrumentality)
What have empirical tests of theory shown?
Across-subject design shows poor validation
What are two major functions of goals?
Provide a basis for motivation – how much effort to expand
What are two conditions for goal setting?
Awareness and acceptance
What does steel say about goals?
They must be challenging, specific, immediate
Why can goals be complicated?
Motivation varies whether goal was assigned vs unassigned vs participative
What is the self-regulation theory?
Where individuals play and active role in monitoring and altering the direction, intensity and persistence of their behaviour to make adjustments (multiple feedback loops. Its major components are goals, self-monitoring or self-evaluation, goal revision, role of multiple feedback loops, self-efficacy.
Self-regulation theory tells you about what?
performance, abilities, and organizational expectations
Why is self-efficacy important and how does it add to motivation theory?
The belief in one’s capacity to perform a specific task or reach a specific goal (bandura). It is important because people with high self-efficacy are more likely to set challenging goals, exert more effort. It adds to the motivation theory by highlighting the role of an individual’s belief about their capabilities in driving their motivation. It suggests that motivation is not solely determined by external factors, but also by an internal sense of competence.
