Final Flashcards
Miniature adults
Viewed as small versions of adults, expected to work and behave accordingly.
In need of redemption
Seen as inherently sinful, needing strict discipline.
Blank slates
John Locke’s idea that children are shaped entirely by experience.
Innocents
Romantic view (Rousseau) that children are pure and need nurturing.
Economic value
Children seen as contributors to family income (child labor).
Competent
Recognizing children as capable learners.
Citizens with rights
Modern view that children deserve respect and legal rights.
John Locke
Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate), experience shapes development.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Natural education, learning through experience.
John Comenius
First picture book for children, emphasized sensory learning.
Johann Pestalozzi
Hands-on learning, emotional connection in education.
Friedrich Froebel
Founded Kindergarten, play-based learning.
Maria Montessori
Child-centered, hands-on learning, independence.
Rachel & Margaret McMillan
Advocated for nursery schools and child welfare.
Elizabeth Peabody
Opened first English-speaking kindergarten in the U.S.
Susan Blow
Established first public kindergarten in the U.S.
Patty Smith Hill
Developed blocks and the “Happy Birthday” song.
John Dewey
Progressive education, learning through doing.
Lucy Sprague Mitchell
Bank Street approach, child-centered learning.
Carolyn Pratt
Invented unit blocks, play as a learning tool.
Industrial Revolution
Need for child labor laws and education.
Great Depression
Federal funding for nursery schools (e.g., WPA programs).
Sputnik (1957)
Increased focus on early education, Head Start program.
Civil Rights Movement
Inclusion and equity in education.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Guaranteed services for children with disabilities.
Basic Tenets of DAP
Active learning through hands-on experiences, Individualized instruction based on children’s needs, Play as a key component of learning, Building strong relationships with caregivers and peers.
Three Main Criteria for DAP
Age-appropriateness, Individual-appropriateness, Culturally appropriateness.
Canned curriculum
Pre-packaged, one-size-fits-all lessons.
Embalmed curriculum
Outdated curriculum that no longer serves children’s needs.
Accidental curriculum
Lacks intentional planning, haphazard learning experiences.
Value of play
Develops social, cognitive, and motor skills, Encourages creativity and problem-solving, Supports emotional regulation and resilience.
Montessori
Hands-on, child-led learning, mixed-age classrooms.
Reggio Emilia
Project-based, child-driven, arts-focused.
HighScope
Active learning, plan-do-review process.
Bank Street
Child-centered, learning through experience.
Waldorf
Emphasis on creativity, storytelling, and nature.
Pros & Cons of Thematic, Emergent, and Project Approaches
Thematic: Organized around central themes; can be overly rigid, Emergent: Child-led; may lack structure, Project-Based: In-depth exploration; time-consuming.
Seven Parts of a Curriculum Plan
Goals/Objectives, Materials, Schedule, Environment Setup, Teaching Strategies, Assessment Methods, Family Involvement.
What is an open-ended question?
Encourages thinking and discussion (e.g., ‘What do you think will happen next?’).
What is a closed-ended question?
Elicits specific responses (e.g., ‘What color is this?’).
What are effective teaching strategies?
Modeling behavior, Encouraging problem-solving, Using scaffolding techniques, Providing hands-on learning experiences.
What does NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct focus on?
Professional responsibilities to children, families, colleagues, and society.
What is the ultimate goal of discipline?
Teach self-regulation and positive behavior.
What is guidance in the context of learning?
Supports learning and growth (e.g., redirection, logical consequences).
What is punishment?
Inflicts consequences without teaching (e.g., time-outs, loss of privileges).
What are the reasons for misbehavior according to Jimmy Hymes?
Stage of growth, unmet need, the situation, they do not know better
What are positive guidance strategies?
Redirecting behavior, Giving choices, Establishing clear expectations.
What discipline strategies should be avoided?
Grabbing, shaming, physical punishment, timeout
What is praise?
External rewards (e.g., ‘Good job!’).
What is encouragement?
Focuses on effort and progress (e.g., ‘You worked really hard on that!’).
