Final

Question 1

Miniature adults

Answer 1

Viewed as small versions of adults, expected to work and behave accordingly.

Question 2

In need of redemption

Answer 2

Seen as inherently sinful, needing strict discipline.

Question 3

Blank slates

Answer 3

John Locke’s idea that children are shaped entirely by experience.

Question 4

Innocents

Answer 4

Romantic view (Rousseau) that children are pure and need nurturing.

Question 5

Economic value

Answer 5

Children seen as contributors to family income (child labor).

Question 6

Competent

Answer 6

Recognizing children as capable learners.

Question 7

Citizens with rights

Answer 7

Modern view that children deserve respect and legal rights.

Question 8

John Locke

Answer 8

Tabula Rasa (Blank Slate), experience shapes development.

Question 9

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 9

Natural education, learning through experience.

Question 10

John Comenius

Answer 10

First picture book for children, emphasized sensory learning.

Question 11

Johann Pestalozzi

Answer 11

Hands-on learning, emotional connection in education.

Question 12

Friedrich Froebel

Answer 12

Founded Kindergarten, play-based learning.

Question 13

Maria Montessori

Answer 13

Child-centered, hands-on learning, independence.

Question 14

Rachel & Margaret McMillan

Answer 14

Advocated for nursery schools and child welfare.

Question 15

Elizabeth Peabody

Answer 15

Opened first English-speaking kindergarten in the U.S.

Question 16

Susan Blow

Answer 16

Established first public kindergarten in the U.S.

Question 17

Patty Smith Hill

Answer 17

Developed blocks and the “Happy Birthday” song.

Question 18

John Dewey

Answer 18

Progressive education, learning through doing.

Question 19

Lucy Sprague Mitchell

Answer 19

Bank Street approach, child-centered learning.

Question 20

Carolyn Pratt

Answer 20

Invented unit blocks, play as a learning tool.

Question 21

Industrial Revolution

Answer 21

Need for child labor laws and education.

Question 22

Great Depression

Answer 22

Federal funding for nursery schools (e.g., WPA programs).

Question 23

Sputnik (1957)

Answer 23

Increased focus on early education, Head Start program.

Question 24

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 24

Inclusion and equity in education.

Question 25

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Answer 25

Guaranteed services for children with disabilities.

Question 26

Basic Tenets of DAP

Answer 26

Active learning through hands-on experiences, Individualized instruction based on children's needs, Play as a key component of learning, Building strong relationships with caregivers and peers.

Question 27

Three Main Criteria for DAP

Answer 27

Age-appropriateness, Individual-appropriateness, Culturally appropriateness.

Question 28

Canned curriculum

Answer 28

Pre-packaged, one-size-fits-all lessons.

Question 29

Embalmed curriculum

Answer 29

Outdated curriculum that no longer serves children's needs.

Question 30

Accidental curriculum

Answer 30

Lacks intentional planning, haphazard learning experiences.

Question 31

Value of play

Answer 31

Develops social, cognitive, and motor skills, Encourages creativity and problem-solving, Supports emotional regulation and resilience.

Question 32

Montessori

Answer 32

Hands-on, child-led learning, mixed-age classrooms.

Question 33

Reggio Emilia

Answer 33

Project-based, child-driven, arts-focused.

Question 34

HighScope

Answer 34

Active learning, plan-do-review process.

Question 35

Bank Street

Answer 35

Child-centered, learning through experience.

Question 36

Waldorf

Answer 36

Emphasis on creativity, storytelling, and nature.

Question 37

Pros & Cons of Thematic, Emergent, and Project Approaches

Answer 37

Thematic: Organized around central themes; can be overly rigid, Emergent: Child-led; may lack structure, Project-Based: In-depth exploration; time-consuming.

Question 38

Seven Parts of a Curriculum Plan

Answer 38

Goals/Objectives, Materials, Schedule, Environment Setup, Teaching Strategies, Assessment Methods, Family Involvement.

Question 39

What is an open-ended question?

Answer 39

Encourages thinking and discussion (e.g., 'What do you think will happen next?').

Question 40

What is a closed-ended question?

Answer 40

Elicits specific responses (e.g., 'What color is this?').

Question 41

What are effective teaching strategies?

Answer 41

Modeling behavior, Encouraging problem-solving, Using scaffolding techniques, Providing hands-on learning experiences.

Question 42

What does NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct focus on?

Answer 42

Professional responsibilities to children, families, colleagues, and society.

Question 43

What is the ultimate goal of discipline?

Answer 43

Teach self-regulation and positive behavior.

Question 44

What is guidance in the context of learning?

Answer 44

Supports learning and growth (e.g., redirection, logical consequences).

Question 45

What is punishment?

Answer 45

Inflicts consequences without teaching (e.g., time-outs, loss of privileges).

Question 46

What are the reasons for misbehavior according to Jimmy Hymes?

Answer 46

Stage of growth, unmet need, the situation, they do not know better

Question 47

What are positive guidance strategies?

Answer 47

Redirecting behavior, Giving choices, Establishing clear expectations.

Question 48

What discipline strategies should be avoided?

Answer 48

Grabbing, shaming, physical punishment, timeout, threatening, praising, withholding food or bathroom privileges

Question 49

What is praise?

Answer 49

External rewards (e.g., 'Good job!').

Question 50

What is encouragement?

Answer 50

Focuses on effort and progress (e.g., 'You worked really hard on that!').