FINAL Flashcards
what is Medicare?
- Canadas national health insurance
- insurance system for Canada
- insurance system all over Canada
Canadas national health insurance it’s like a safety net prepaid access
Canada health act 1984
federal government has set guidelines for health care to be
- accessible; everyone has access to it
- portable; can go to a different province and have access to it
- universal; there for everybody regardless of race, gender ect
- comprehensive; covers every thing like surgery, seeing the doctor, and other appointments needed by specialist
- publicly; federal government gives money to each province and the provinces decide what they want to do with that money
what is the most recent principle added to the Canadas health act of 1984
- sustainability; no extra billing no extra fees
what groups are excluded from the health care act of 1984
- Canadian forces
- RCMP
- veterans
- indigenous people
whats a “social safety net”
- health insurance in Canada
- stability of a career
- Canada health act of 1884
its the insurance in canada thats considered to be a social safety net
what are the 5 levels of health care
level 1- health promotion
level 2- disease and illness prevention
level 3- diagnosis and treatment
level 4- rehabilitation
level 5 - supportive care
what level of health is that?
increase their determinants of health and own well-being with their own money example seeing a herbalist rather than a doctor bc they dont have access to doctor, it makes people go to the hospital for small things
level 1 health promotion
what level is this
reduces risk factors for disease or illness
- clinical; going for regular check ups with the doctor, getting your immunization
- behavioural; lifestyle changes support groups, yoga, gym
- environmental; drinking clean water, living in a clean space, air quality in the area you live at
level 2 disease and injury prevention
what level is this
recognizing and managing clients existing health problems and there are 3 levels within this level
- primary; first contact you have with a health care professional could be a doctor, clinic
- secondary; occurs in the hospital or home setting where specialized care is involved ex. cancer clinic
- tertiary; specialized care that diagnoses and treats health problems
level 3 diagnosis and treatment
what are the 3 levels within diagnosis and treatment?
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
what level is comprehensive, social, and political process in?
level 1 health promotion
what level is this
required treatment to regain patients maximum level of function ex, physical therapy for someone who’s suffered a stroke
level 4 rehabilitation
what level is this
providing ongoing support to improve quality of life
level 5 supportive care
what is holistic care
caring foe the whole person and not just their condition
(mind, body, and spirit)
the 12 determinants of health are
- income and income distribution
- education
- unemployment/ job security
- employment and working conditions
- early childhood development
- food insecurity
- housing
- social exclusion
- social safety network
- healthy services
- indigenous status
- race
- gender
- disability
personal, social, economic, environmental factors that determine individual and population health like education, race, gender, housing ect are….
- determinants of health
- levels of health
- holistic care
determinants of health
“increasing one’s highest level of wellbeing and self-actualization”
- health
- wellness
- health promotion
health promotion
“objective process, everything in the body is functioning as it should be theres a balance in the body”
- health
- wellness
- health promotion
health
“state of living a healthy lifestyle a subjective experience”
- health
- wellness
- health promotion
wellness
the subjective process is what
objective process is what
wellness is subjective
health is objective
efforts to minimize the harmful effects caused by drug use is…
harm reduction
examples of harm reduction where the public reduces the harm of substances on civilians is
- substance use support groups
- take home naloxone (narcan) kits
- safe injection sites
- mental health support groups
- education on needle exchange to reduce bloodborne infections
growth and development
- both happen simultaneously (continuously)
- influenced by genetics and environment
- can be a slow or fast process
its a increase in size that can be quantitative and measured in centimeters or inches
- growth
- development
growth
acquiring skills and functions, it’s qualitative and continuous process more about maturing and mentally improving example learning how to problem solve and when to leave certain situations because they don’t serve you anymore
- growth
- development
development
True or false
socioeconomic status can effect growth
true
list Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order from bottom to top
top
- self-actualization; achieve your full potential, and comfortable with who you are
- self-esteem; being recognized for your work and accomplishments
- love and belonging; feeling loved and accepted by others
- safety; being free from danger feeling secure and safe
- physiological needs; basis needs to survive food, water, oxygen, shelter
bottom
true or false
you can only reach a new level in the hierarchy of needs once you have achieved a level
true
true or false
once achieved the need you are there and can only go up for example I have a good relationship (love and belonging) so that means my security and being free from danger (safety) cant occur
false you can rise and fall from these levels
8 stages of human development, characterized by a psychosocial challenge or crisis
Ericksons theory
trust vs mistrust
stage one (from birth - 18 months) infants, develop trust in caregiver
autonomy vs sense of shame and doubt
stage 2 (18 months - 3 years) toddler, start gaining independence and self control like walking
initiative vs guilt
stage 3 (3 - 6 years) pre-schooler, join activities to gain ability to take action.
industry vs inferiority
stage 4 (6- 12 years) school ager, focus on mastering skills and confidence (industry)
identity vs role confusion
stage 5 (12- 20 years) adolescent, develop a sense of personal identity
intimacy vs isolation
stage 6 (20-30 years) young adult, forming intimate relationships
generative vs self-absorption and stagnation (feeling stuck and only focusing on your needs)
stage 7 (30-65 years) middle age/adulthood, contributing to society and future generations
integrity vs despair
stage 8 (65-death) older adult/ old age, reflecting on your lives
according to Erikson’s stages of development, which of the following stage would Roger age 9 be in?
a. trust
b. industry
c. initiative
d. autonomy
B
Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during the….
five psychosexual stages
stage one
oral (birth - 12-18 months) comfort and pleasure centered around the mouth and suckling
stage two
anal (12-18 months to 3 years) defecation (anus) gives the child pleasure and comfort as well as the mouth
stage three
phallic (3 - 6 years) feelings of pleasure and disgust with genital organs, Interested in sexual organs and masturbation
stage four
latency (6 - 12 years) child’s sexual energies are being channeled into acceptable means of expression, and there’s an increase in peer relationships example sports activities
stage five
genital (13 - adulthood) aware of sexuality and become sexually active
what are the three levels of awareness
- conscious
- subconscious
- unconscious
within one’s immediate awareness, wee see it and feel it
- conscious
- subconscious
- unconscious
conscious
where you store memories, feelings, and thoughts
- conscious
- subconscious
- unconscious
subconscious
the part of the mind that is closed to ones awareness, don’t see it
- conscious
- subconscious
- unconscious
unconscious
what are Freud’s three functional components of the mind
- id
- ego
- superego
which of the three is considered to be the conscious and controls right from wrong
- id
- ego
- superego
superego
which of the 3 is concerned with satisfaction and pressure principal (libido)
- id
- ego
- superego
id
which of the 3 is most linked to reality and is known as the executive mind
- id
- ego
- superego
ego
Identify the functional component of
Freud’s theory that is the Conscience:
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Megaego
C
who developed the moral development of women and studied under Kholberg,
Carol Gilligan
true or false
Carol Gilligan found that women are more concerned how their decisions affect others, while males make decisions with reasoning
true
what are the 4 stages of Piaget’s cognitive theory
stage 1: sensorimotor (birth - 18-24 months)
stage 2: preoperational (2-7 years)
stage 3: concrete operational (7-11 years)
stage 4: formal operational (12-15 years)
infant explores the world through sensory and motor contact
- sensorimotor (birth - 18-24 months)
- preoperational (2-7 years)
- concrete operational (7-11 years)
- formal operational (12-15 years)
sensorimotor
can’t understand or reason child uses word and images to represent things, are egocentric and find it hard to see things from others viewpoints
- sensorimotor (birth - 18-24 months)
- preoperational (2-7 years)
- concrete operational (7-11 years)
- formal operational (12-15 years)
preoperational
can reason and logically think, has the ability to add and subtract
- sensorimotor (birth - 18-24 months)
- preoperational (2-7 years)
- concrete operational (7-11 years)
- formal operational (12-15 years)
concrete operational
can abstractly think and reason about hypothetical situations
- sensorimotor (birth - 18-24 months)
- preoperational (2-7 years)
- concrete operational (7-11 years)
- formal operational (12-15 years)
formal operational
which theory is the continuous process throughout life
- Carol Gilligan
- Kohlberg
- Freud
Kohlbergs theory of moral development
what are the three stages in Kohlbergs theory
- preconventional
- conventional
- postconventional
what Kohlberg theory is this
behaviour is modified by punishment, kids are under the influence of their parents
- preconventional
- conventional
- postconventional
preconventional
what Kohlberg theory is this
acting on your own morals and beliefs even if it means breaking the rules
- preconventional
- conventional
- postconventional
postconventional
what Kohlberg theory is this
seeking approval from society and doing stuff to fit in (peer pressure)
- preconventional
- conventional
- postconventional
conventional
what does generativity mean
leaving an impact for when their gone, could be contributing to society or helping younger generations out with raising children
health care directed towards increasing ones optimal level of wellness
health promotion
what are examples of health promoting behaviours (ways to increase your well being)
- chemical avoidance
- disease prevention
- regular physical activity
- stress management
patient’s ability to find, access, read, and understand reliable health information and to use that information to make informed decisions about their health
health literacy
which health definition is this
- can occur anytime throughout the lifespan
- recognizes personal choices and lifestyles
a. health literacy
b. health promotion
B
ability to apply new information to changing circumstances
- interactive literacy
- critical literacy
interactive literacy
ability to critically analyze information and apply it to life events and situations that impact health
- interactive literacy
- critical literacy
critical literacy
avoiding illness/disease through screening, vaccination, additional factors like masks
disease prevention
what are the 3 levels of disease prevention
- primary (health promotion)
- secondary
- tertiary (health restoration)
Restores person to optimal functioning
- primary (health promotion)
- secondary
- tertiary (health restoration)
tertiary (restoring health)
Early diagnosis, screening and treatment
- primary (health promotion)
- secondary
- tertiary (health restoration)
secondary
Basic hygiene, nutrition, exercise
- primary (health promotion)
- secondary
- tertiary (health restoration)
primary (health promotion)
understanding culture, race, and ethnicity of diverse groups
- cultural sensitivity
- cultural awareness
cultural awareness
recognizing that diverse cultures exist and respect a persons uniqueness
- cultural sensitivity
- cultural awareness
cultural sensitivity
what does cultural sensitivity and awareness prevent
frustration and dissatisfaction with care
what does cultural sensitivity and awareness promote
faster recovery and client centered care
indigenous sacred medications include
- tobacco
- sage
- cedar
- sweetgrass
which indigenous medicine is this
Used first and in all ceremonies; connects to the spirit world
- tobacco
- sage
- cedar
- sweetgrass
tobacco
Used to prepare people for ceremonies and teachings
- tobacco
- sage
- cedar
- sweetgrass
sage
Used in healing circles & has calming effect; called the sacred hair of Mother Earth
- tobacco
- sage
- cedar
- sweetgrass
cedar
Used to purify the home; many restorative medicinal uses
- tobacco
- sage
- cedar
- sweetgrass
sweetgrass
its a interactive, two-way process that promotes learning, its all about communication, and listening to what’s being said
- teaching
- learning
teaching
it is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills, behaviours, and attitudes
- teaching
- learning
learning
what are the 3 blooms domains of learning
- psychomotor
- cognitive
- affective
involves skills that are related to mental and muscular activity (coordination) example riding a bike or injecting insulin
- psychomotor
- cognitive
- affective
psychomotor
includes all intellectual behaviours, remembering, analyzing, understanding, and requires thinking. example studying for a test where you remember, understand and apply all the concepts learnt
- psychomotor
- cognitive
- affective
cognitive
includes dealing with expressions, feelings, values, and attitudes example showing empathy to a nervous patient
- psychomotor
- cognitive
- affective
affective
Learning occurs in many ways, depending
on the learner. In planning to teach range-
of-motion exercises to a postoperative
patient, a nurse should consider which
mode of learning?
A. Cognitive learning
B. Psychomotor learning
C. Affective learning
D. All of the above
D
patient’s desire or willingness to learn, influenced by a persons behaviour. Social motivation to learn, this reflects a need for connection, social approval, self esteem.
a. ability to learn
b. motivation to learn
c. learning environment
B. motivation to learn
depends on physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, thought processes.
a. ability to learn
b. motivation to learn
c. learning environment
A. ability to learn
creating the right setting for someone to focus
a. ability to learn
b. motivation to learn
c. learning environment
C learning environment
the teaching process approaches include
- telling
- selling
- participating
- entrusting
- reinforcing
involves two way communication, either slow down or maintain talking speed according to patients response
selling
Setting objectives and being involved together in the learning process
participating
Providing positive feedback when a client has learned desired behaviour
reinforcing
Provides client with opportunities to manage self-care (example if client is in hospital long enough they can change their own dressing)
entrusting
Limited information is being taught with no opportunities for feedback
telling
is the biological traits that may be used as legal categories to classify humans as male, female, or other categories
- gender
- sex
- sexuality
sex
combination of ones sexual orientation, identity and behavior
- gender
- sex
- sexuality
sexuality
constructed roles and behaviors implied by society
- gender
- sex
- sexuality
gender
the study of the distributions and determinants of health related states in specific population and the application of the study to the control of health problems
epidemiology
The occurrence of health related events by time, place, and person.
pattern
how often a disease is present within a population, number of health events and their relation to the population
frequency
health determinants that impact indigenous communities
-infant mortality
-TB
-injury and death
-youth suicide
-childhood obesity and diabetes
social determinates of health are
the social and economic factors that affect the wellbeing of the patient for example if they can’t afford certain medication that puts their health at risk
health determines impact which aspect of a individuals health
physical, emotional, mental, spiritual
other aspects could be education, employment, and job security
differences in the health status of individuals and groups
- health disparities
- health inequalities
health inequalities
unfair differences in certain groups have trouble accessing health care more than others making them not as healthy
- health disparities
- health inequalities
health disparities
trauma informed practice
Where you are caring for someone who has trauma so nurse must remain mindful
chronic illness
lasts more than one year and requires on going medical attention, impacts ADL(activities of daily living) and becomes costly
nonfatal chrnonic illness
Long term illness that doesn’t directly mean death but effect patients quality of life like eczema, depression, anxiety, back pain
serious and eventually fatal chronic conditions
conditions like diabetes, stress, and hypertension because they slowly impact patients health leading to death of not managed
frailty
fatal, chronic condition in which the body has few reserves left, and any disturbance can cause multiple health conditions and costs.example patient has hypertension that has now become life threatening and is no longer manageable
acute illness vs chronic illness
Acute illness is a short onset of illness that’s managed quickly like a cold, headache, or infection
Chronic illness is a long term that lasts more than one year and requires ongoing management like diabetes, allergies, and asthma
frailty syndrome
Syndrome seen in older patients geriatrics that includes physical and mental decline
wellness aproach
maximizing individuals potential and adapting, example patient has experienced a fall how do we fix this so it doesn’t happen again
chronic illness trajectory
- Pretrajectory
- Trajectory onset
- Crisis phase
- Acute phase
- Stable phase
- Unstable phase
- Downward phase
- Dying phase
the shifting perspectives model of chronic illness
a ongoing continuous process example people with depression a chronic condition have good days and some really bad
transcultural nursing
the study of understanding the differences and similarities across cultures
what are the 5 C’s
- competence
- compassion
- conscience
- commitment
- confidence
Measuring frailty
The lower the number the more health the patient is commonly done in geriatrics
