FINAL Flashcards
what are the dimensions of a health person?
- physical; the state of the body, absence of disease
- social; interactions with others
- cognitive; brain related mental processes
- behavioral; a persons actions and habits
- affective; emotional state
list the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top
top
self-actualization; finding purpose in life
self-esteem; self-confidence and recognition from others
love and belonging; sense of connection and love for others
safety; safety from physical and emotional harm
physiological needs; basic needs food, water, and shelter
bottom
which is used in response to stress; and alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are apart of what..
- the sick role
- general adaption
- Maslow’s hierarchy
General adaption syndrome
In Hans general adaption syndrome what is the
fight or flight
a. alarm
b. resistance
c. exhaustion
A
In Hans general adaption syndrome body has no strength to fight the stress, you are physically, emotionally, and mentally drained
a. alarm
b. resistance
c. exhaustion
C
In Hans general adaption syndrome what stage does the body repair itself after the initial shock
a. alarm
b. resistance
c. exhaustion
B
explain the difference between medical and surgical asepsis
medical asepsis is the “clean technique” it LIMITS the spread of microorganisms most effective method is hand washing
surgical asepsis is the “surgical technique” it ELIMINATES all microorganisms and their spores
when do we apply standard precautions
with all patients regardless if their isolation precautions
what is the “sterile technique” for
- medical asepsis
- surgical and sterile asepsis
surgical and sterile asepsis
when washing hands and using Lysol wipes what technique are you using?
- medical asepsis
- surgical and sterile asepsis
medical asepsis
when assessing pain in patients what method do we use?
OPQRSTUV
always believe patients pain
On initial assessment, a patient complains of pain. The nurse noticed that before this assessment, the patient was laughing and talking with family. What must the nurse remember during a pain assessment?
A. Chronic pain is psychological in nature.
B. Patients are the best judges of their pain.
C. Use of narcotic analgesics leads to drug addiction.
D. The amount of pain is related to tissue damage.
B
what are the 2 types of pain managements
pharmacological (pain relieving interventions)and nonpharmacological
nonpharmacological interventions like cold and heat packs, music, acupuncture, massages are considered to be what
- pain management
- pain assessment
- form of nursing intervention
pain management
Established pain management guidelines direct nurses to assess the patient’s pain frequently. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take when assessing the patient’s pain?
A. Ask the patient’s family what precipitates the pain.
B. Question the patient about the location of the pain.
C. Offer the patient a pain scale to objectively
quantify the pain.
D. Use open-ended questions to find out
about the patient’s pain.
C
what’s the difference between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain?
nociceptive pain: tissue damage; pain is described as sharp, throbbing, and aching ex breaking bones
neuropathic pain: is damage to the nervous system; pain is described as tingling, burning, shooting ex.
is this neuropathic or nociceptive pain?
A patient describes a burning, tingling sensation in their feet caused by diabetes.
neuropathic bc pain is describes as burning, and tinging pain
is this neuropathic or nociceptive pain?
A patient has chronic lower back pain described as aching and worsening with movement.
nociceptive pain
True or False
Nociceptive pain is caused by activation of nociceptors due to tissue damage.
True
what are the 7 warning signs of cancer
caution up
C; change in bowel or bladder
A; a sore that doesn’t leave
U; unusual bleeding or discharge
T; thickening lump near breasts or body
I; indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O; obvious changes in warts and moles
N; nagging cough
U; unexplained weigh loss
P; pernicious anemia
what are the 7 treatments for cancer ?
- surgery; used to diagnose and stage cancer
- radiotherapy; uses radiation to kill malignant cells (cancer cells)
- biotherapy; uses body’s existing defenses to fight the disease or caner cells
- chemotherapy; uses chemical agents to treat disease
- bone marrow and stem cell transplant; some bone marrow maybe destroyed during radiation this helps treat the destruction
- hormone therapy; some cancers rely on hormones to grow, this therapy stops the growth of those cells
- alternative and complementary therapies; alternative is used in place of medical treatment taking herbal meds than radiation. Complementary is used with medical treatment acupuncture alongside radiation
What is a key difference between complementary therapy and alternative therapy in cancer treatment?
A) Complementary therapy replaces conventional treatments, while alternative therapy works alongside them.
B) Complementary therapy is always herbal-based, while alternative therapy uses pharmaceuticals.
C) Complementary therapy is used alongside conventional treatments, while alternative therapy replaces them.
D) There is no difference.
C
What is the main goal of hormone therapy in cancer treatment?
A) To block or reduce the production of specific hormones that fuel cancer growth.
B) To remove the cancerous tissue.
C) To stimulate the immune system.
D) To increase the production of red blood cells.
A
nursing implementation for pt’s with cancer
during diagnostic phase; assess and support the patient with their therapies like radiation and chemotherapy
treatment phase; pain management, emotional support, promoting nutrition, and patient teaching
what systems age related changes are these:
- nerve endings die
- tremors in the face, head, and hands
- brain weight reduces
- pupils respond to light slower, making them smaller
A. integumentary system
B. neurological system
C. gastrointestinal system
B
Which of the following is NOT a normal aging change?
A. An aging pigment called lipofuscin is deposited in nerve cells.
B. Brain weight is reduced, and the ventricles increase in size.
C. The pupil of the eye is often larger and may respond to light more slowly.
D. Reflexes are usually intact except for the Achilles tendon jerk, which is often absent.
C
what systems age related changes are these:
- epistaxis(nosebleed) become common in older people
- decline in sense of smell in older people
- mucous membrane becomes thin not producing mucous
- weakened esophagus sphincters causing back flow when laying
respiratory system
what’s the difference between respiration and ventilation
ventilation is the action of breathing in and out
respiration is the chemical aspect of it when O2 comes into the body and CO2 goes out
Which of the following statements is NOT correct when administering nose drops?
A. The patient may be sitting or lying down.
B. Place the dropper at the opening of the nostril, and squeeze to deliver the
prescribed amount of medication.
C. The patient may resume his or her usual activities immediately.
D. Discard any unused solution that remains in the dropper rather than returning it to the
bottle.
C, the meds aren’t going to work if you get up immediately they need to absorb
what systems age related changes are these:
- heartbeats become less regular bc SA(pacemakers) nodes decrease
- heart becomes less elastic making it harder to expand and contract
- arteries become stiffer and restricts blood flow
cardiovascular system
Which of the following is the pacemaker of the
heart?
A. AV node
B. Bundle of His
C. Purkinje fibers
D. SA node
D
what systems age related changes are these:
- sweat glands decrease leading to dryness and pruritus
- wrinkling
- flattened nails
integumentary system
what systems age related changes are these:
- teeth are worn down
- loss of tastebuds
- production of hydrochloric acid decreases
- xerostomia (dry mouth) is common
- decreased strength in anal sphincter means cant hold in stool
digestive system
list what the upper digestive track includes in order
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine and anus
what is normal blood pressure
120/80
Which of the following is NOT considered a main
part of the digestive tract?
A. Esophagus
B. Small intestine
C. Liver
D. Anus
C
Which is an age-related change in the lower digestive tract?
A. Increased muscle tone
B. Muscle layer atrophy
C. Increased speed of movements of intestinal contents
D. Increased anal sphincter tone
B
what systems age related changes are these:
- nocturia; waking up to pee at night is common
- bladder starts to weaken
- incontinence isn’t a normal age related change but it is common
urinary system
what systems age related changes are these:
- cartilage loses elasticity (rubbing bones and joints together)
- loss of bone mass and bone strength leads to fractures in older people
musculoskeletal system
.
herpes zosters is called…
shingles
what is seborrheic dermatitis what’s the nursing care
affects scalp= dandruff
promoting medicated shampoos, topical ointments and control of condition
what is herpes simplex and what’s the nursing care
cold sore that can be located on lips, cheeks, ears, and genitals
nursing care pain management and pt teaching that virus never leaves your body so stress, fever and fatigue can trigger it
treatment is antiviral medication
what is herpes zosters and what’s the nursing care
known as shingles causes intense itching and pain effects half side of face or back, is transmittable
nursing care pain management with the itching, nonpharmacological techniques
treatment antiviral medication
nursing care for asthma
cause is unknown could be genetics or environmental factors
Nursing care; administer medications as ordered so condition doesn’t worsen, pt teaching, bed position in high fowlers position for lung expansion, monitor ABC’s
nursing care for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
airway obstruction due to mucous in the lungs
nursing care; hand washing bc COPD pt’s are at risk for infection, assess for productive cough, encourage breaks between activities.
nursing care for ICP (increased intercranial pressure)
ICP means there’s too much pressure on the brain and this means blood isn’t getting enough oxygen and could lead to a stroke
nursing care: monitor LOC and edema, do pupils react to light, elevate HOB to 30 degrees to semi fowlers to promote venous blood flow
nursing interventions for CVA(cerebrovascular accident)
is a stroke where blood flow to the brain is restricted
nursing care: pain management, mobility issues (ROM), patient is bed bond so reposition ever 1-2 hours
what does ptosis mean
drooping
what does dysarthria mean
difficulty moving mouth muscles to speak
nursing intervention for TIA (transient ischemic attack)
no permanent effects its a mini stroke
nursing care: FAST (check pt’s face, ask them to raise their arms, check for slurring, and call for help)
nursing intervention for CHF (congestive heart failure)
heart doesn’t pump as effectively as it should causing back flow of blood
nursing care: anxiety, lack of knowledge of heart failure, limit fluid and salt intake (fluid surrounding the heart isn’t good)
explain left sided heart failure
LEFT= lungs
effects breathing and lungs
explain right sided heart failure
RIGHT= rest of the body
causes edema, congestion, weight gain
nursing care for hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
nursing care: bed rest to relieve liver workload, deep breathing exercises every 3 hours to prevent pneumonia, good nutrition and fluid intake
nursing care UTI (urinary track infection) urethritis
pain during urination, inflammation of the urethra
nursing care: avoid irritating vaginal products, sitz bath to reduce pain, voiding before and after sexual intercourse, and peri care from front to back
nursing care for cystitis
inflammation of bladder caused by UTI
nursing care: finish full round of medications to prevent reoccurrence, pain management, drink lots of water to flush out bacteria
nursing care for osteoarthritis
bones rub together because cartilage loses its elasticity
nursing care: pain management for pt’s chronic pain, ROM exercises to prevent contractures and stiffness, rest between activities
nursing care for Diabetes Mellitus type 1
life long occurs in children only manageable way is insulin
nursing care: patient teaching on condition, checking blood sugars, skin integrity, recognizing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
nursing care for Diabetes Mellitus type 2
common more in adults and can be manages with lifestyle changes
nursing care: diet, exercise, oral medication
what does ADPIE stand for
Nursing process
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of health?
A. Physical
B. Emotional
C. Financial
D. Social
C
they are cognitive
physical
affective
behavioral
social
True or false
Patients pain is the single most reliable indicator of pain
True always believe patients pain because without it you don’t know what to fix or better them
true or false
Spiritual health is solely about religious beliefs and practices.
false
true or false
According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when all other needs are met.
True
true or false
During the resistance stage, the body continues to produce stress hormones to cope with the stressor.
True; the body doesn’t just throw the stress out as its in the resistance stage it is slowly managing the stress therefor still releasing some stress hormones
normal blood pressure is considered what?
120/80
120 is the diastolic or systolic
systolic
80 is the diastolic or systolic
diastolic
is this nociceptive or neuropathic pain
tingling, burning, and shooting
neuropathic
is this nociceptive or neuropathic pain
sharp throbbing and aching
nociceptive
