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ANATOMY OF MOVEMENT > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Plane and Axis of Flexion

A

Plane: Sagittal
Axis: Frontal

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2
Q

Plane and Axis of Lateral Abduction/Adduction

A

Plane: Frontal
Axis: Sagittal

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3
Q

Plane and Axis of Horizontal Rotation

A

Plane: Transverse
Axis: Vertical Axis

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4
Q

Structures responsible for stability and mobility of Diarthrodial Joints?

A

Articular or hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface ends of the bones inside the joint cavity

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5
Q

What are the Static components of Joint Stability?

A

-Bony architecture
-Cartilage
-Ligaments
-Connective Tissue

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6
Q

What are Dynamic Components of Joint Stability?

A

-Muscle Strength, endurance and flexibility
-Proprioceptors
-Motor Control

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7
Q

What is Wolf’s Law?

A

The direction in which the bone is pulled is the direction that it will grow

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8
Q

What is Davis’ Law?

A

Ligaments, muscle and other soft tissue will lengthen and strengthen the more that they are used and vice versa

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9
Q

What is the difference between Wolf and Davis’ Law?

A

Wolf’s Law focuses on bones while Davis’ Law focuses on soft tissues

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10
Q

What is the accessory movement: Roll?

A

A series of points on one articular surface contacts with a series of points on another articular surface

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11
Q

What is the Accessory Motion: Glide?

A

A specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface

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12
Q

What is the Accessory Motion: Spin?

A

Motion occurs around some stationary longitudinal mechanical axis in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction

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13
Q

What is the Convex-Concave Rule?

A

When a Convex (ball) joint surface moves on a Concave (cave) surface, roll and glide must occur in the OPPOSITE direction

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14
Q

What is the Concave-Convex Rule?

A

When a Concave (cave) surface moves on a Convex (ball) surface roll and glide occur in the SAME direction

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15
Q

E.X of Convex-Concave Rule:
When someone stands up from sitting with knees at 90 degrees, which way does the femur roll and glide?

A

Femur will roll forward and glide backwards

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16
Q

E.X. Of Concave-Convex Rule:
When someone goes to flex their knee, in which direction does the tibia roll and glide?

A

The Tibia must roll and glide backwards

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17
Q

What is an Isometric Contraction?

A

The muscle stays the same length through the contraction; is considered the preventing motion

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18
Q

What are Concentric Isotonic Contractions?

A

Muscle shortens as it develops active tension (muscle shortens and it is pulled); Causes movement against gravity (going back to starting position from push-ups)
Accelerates movement

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19
Q

What are Eccentric Isotonic Contractions?

A

Muscles lengthens under active tension (muscle lengthens and goes with gravity as it is pulled); bringing chest to the ground during push-ups
Lengthens muscle slowly

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20
Q

What are Agonist Muscles?

A

Muscles that cause joint movement (Prime Movers)
-may cause concentric or eccentric contractions

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21
Q

What are Antagonist Muscles?

A

Located on the opposite side of joint to produce opposite joint movement of agonist muscles (anti=against)
-main function is to relax and allow agonist muscles to do their thing

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22
Q

What are Stabilizer Muscles?

A

Surround the joint or body part (body guard) to stabilize the area to enable body segment to produce movement
- Establishes a firm base for the distal joints to carry out movements

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23
Q

What are Synergistic Muscles?

A

Assist agonist muscles (personal assistant) AKA guiding muscles
-main function is to assist in refined movement

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24
Q

What are Neutralizer Muscles?

A

Counteract or neutralize action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements (security guard)
-contract to resist specific actions of other muscles

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25
Q

What are Uniarticular Muscles?

A

Muscles that cross and act directly only on the joint that they cross

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26
Q

What are Biarticular Muscles?

A

Muscles cross and act on two different joints
-is able to maintain a relatively constant length due to “shortening” at one joint and “lengthening” at another joint

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27
Q

What are Multiarticular Muscles?

A

Multiarticular muscles act on three or more joints between their origin and insertion crossing multiple joints

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28
Q

What is Active Insufficiency?

A

Active Insufficiency is reached when the muscle becomes shortened to the point that it can not generate or maintain active tension
- the muscle cannot shorten any further

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29
Q

What is Passive Insufficiency?

A

Passive Insufficiency is reached when the opposing muscle becomes stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen and allow movement

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30
Q

E.X. Of Passive and Active Insufficiency:
When flexing the hip and extending the knee simultaneously, are the quadriceps and hamstrings reaching passive or active insufficiency?

A
  • The Quadriceps are going through active insufficiency as it cannot shorten any more
  • The Hamstrings are going through passive insufficiency as it cannot stretch any further
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31
Q

What is the importance of the Shoulder Girdle?

A

The Shoulder Girdle serves as a base for the functioning of upper extremity
-it is the only attachment between upper extremity and axial skeleton

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32
Q

What is Scapular Winging?

A

Serrated anterior weakness or paralysis leads to medial winging when pushing forward or raising arm

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33
Q

What bones are involved in the Sternoclavicular Joint? What movements occur here?

A

-Bones: Sternum and Medial End of Clavicle
-Movements: Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression

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34
Q

What bones are involved in the Acromioclavicular Joint? What movements occur there?

A

-Bones: Acromion Process of Scapula and Lateral End of Clavicle
-Movements: Gliding and Rotational Motion of the Scapula

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35
Q

What bones are involved in the Scapulothoracic Joint? What movements occur there?

A

-Bones: Scapula and Posterior Part of the Ribcage
-Movements: Elevation and Depression, Abduction and Adduction, Upward and Downward Rotation

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36
Q

What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Protraction (Abduction)?

A

Pectoralis Minor and Serratus Anterior

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37
Q

What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle retraction?

A

Middle and Lower Trapezius and Rhomboids

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38
Q

What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Elevation?

A

Middle and Upper Trapezius, Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae

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39
Q

What Muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Depression?

A

Pectoralis Minor and Lower Trapezius

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40
Q

What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Upward Rotation?

A

Middle and Lower Trapezius and Serratus Anterior

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41
Q

What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Downward Rotation?

A

Pectoralis Minor and Rhomboid

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42
Q

Why is the Shoulder Joint important?

A

Allows for a wide range of movements in different planes

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43
Q

What bones form the Shoulder Joint?

A

Glenoid Fossa on Scapula and Head of the Humerus

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44
Q

What movements occur at the Shoulder Joint?

A

Flexion-Extension, Abduction-Adduction, Internal-External Rotation, Circumduction

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45
Q

What is Scapulohumeral Rhythm?

A

The synergistic movements of the glenohumeral joint movements with shoulder joint movements

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46
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Flexion?

A

Anterior Deltoid and Upper Pectoralis Major

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47
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Extension?

A

Teres major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Lower Pectoralis Major

48
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Abduction?

A

Deltoid, Supraspinatus and Upper Pectoralis Major

49
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Adduction?

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, and Lower Pectoralis Major

50
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation?

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major

51
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral External Rotation?

A

Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

52
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Horizontal Abduction?

A

Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

53
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Horizontal Adduction?

A

Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, and Coracobrachialis

54
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Diagonal Abduction?

A

Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor

55
Q

What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Diagonal Adduction?

A

Anterior Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, and Pectoralis Major: Upper and Lower

56
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Abduction?

A

Upward Rotation

57
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Adduction?

A

Downward Rotation

58
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movements pairs with Shoulder Joint Flexion?

A

Elevation and Upward Rotation

59
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Extension?

A

Depression and Downward Rotation

60
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Internal Rotation?

A

Abduction (protraction)

61
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint External Rotation?

A

Adduction (Retraction)

62
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Horizontal Abduction?

A

Adduction (Retraction)

63
Q

What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Horizontal Adduction?

A

Abduction (Protraction)

64
Q

What are the three joints of the Elbow?

A

-Elbow Joint
-Superior Radioulnar Joint
-Inferior Radioulnar Joint

65
Q

What are the Elbow Joint movements?

A

Flexion and Extension

66
Q

What are the Radioulnar Joint Movements?

A

Supination and Pronation

67
Q

What muscles are involved in Elbow Flexion?

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Brachioradialis

68
Q

What muscles are involved in Elbow Extension?

A

Triceps Brachii and Anconeus

69
Q

What muscles are involved in Radioulnar Pronation?

A

Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus and Brachioradialis

70
Q

What muscles are involved in Radioulnar Supination?

A

Biceps Brachii, Supinator Muscle and Brachioradialis

71
Q

Why is the Pelvic Area important?

A

Weight bearing and locomotion

72
Q

What are the joints of the Pelvic Area? What bones are involved in each joint?

A

-Sacro-Iliac Joint: Posterior Pelvic bones and sacrum
-Pubic Syphysis: Anterior right and left Pelvic bones
-Hip Joints: head of femur and acetabulum of pelvic girdle

73
Q

What movements occur at the Hip Joint?

A

Hip Flexion and Extension, Abduction and Adduction, Hip External and Internal Rotation

74
Q

What movements occur at the Pelvic Girdle?

A

Anterior and Posterior Pelvic Rotation, Right and Left Lateral Pelvic Rotation

75
Q

What movements are involved in Hip Flexion?

A

Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, Pectineus, Sartorius and Tensor Fasciae Latae

76
Q

What movements are involved in Hip Extension?

A

Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris (Long Head), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

77
Q

What muscles are involved in Hip Abduction?

A

Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Minimus

78
Q

What muscles are involved in Hip Adduction?

A

Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus and Gracilis

79
Q

What muscles are involved in Hip Internal Rotation?

A

Gluteus Minimus, Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fasciae Latae and Gracilis

80
Q

What muscles are involved in Hip External Rotation?

A

Gluteus Maximus and Six Deep External Rotators

81
Q

What are the Knee Area Joints?

A

Knee Joint and Patellofemoral Joint

82
Q

What 4 bones are important to the Knee Joint?

A

-Femur
-Patella
-Tibia
-Fibula

83
Q

What supports the Knee Joint?

A

-Articular Cartilage
-Strong Muscles
-Ligaments
-Menisci
-Bursae

84
Q

What is the knee screw home movement and unlocking of the knee?

A

Screw Home: tibia rotates externally approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment with femoral condyles
Unlocking: With Flexion, the tibia has to rotate internally, to a degree, from its externally rotated position

85
Q

What muscles are involved in Knee Extension?

A

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius and Vastus Medialis

86
Q

What muscles are involved in Knee Flexion?

A

Biceps Femoris (long and short head), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Popliteus

87
Q

What muscles are involved in Knee Internal Rotation?

A

Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Popliteus

88
Q

What muscles are involved in Knee External Rotation?

A

Biceps Femoris and Tensor Fascia Latae

89
Q

What is the Atlantooccipital Joint?

A

First joint of vertebral column; formed between occipital condyles of skull and 1st vertebra

90
Q

What is the Atlantoaxial Joint?

A

Second joint of vertebral column; Formed between Atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
-Most cervical rotation occurs here

91
Q

What muscles are involved in Cervical Flexion?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

92
Q

What muscles are involved in Cervical Extension?

A

Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles

93
Q

What muscles are involved in Cervical Lateral Flexion?

A

Sternocleirdomastoid, Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles

94
Q

What muscles are involved in Cervical Rotation?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles

95
Q

What muscles are involved in Lumbar Flexion?

A

Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique Abdominal and Internal Oblique Abdominal

96
Q

What muscles are involved in Lumbar Extension?

A

Erector Spinae and Quadratus Lumborum

97
Q

What muscles are involved in Lumbar Lateral Flexion?

A

Erector Spinae, Rectus Abdominins, External Oblique Abdominal, Internal Oblique Abdominal and Quadratus Luborum

98
Q

What muscles are involved in Lumbar Rotation?

A

Erector Spinae, External Oblique Abdominal and Internal Oblique Abdominal

99
Q

What joints are at the Ankle and Foot Area?

A

-Tibiofibular Joint
-Ankle Joint
-Tarsal Bones Joint
-Intertarsal Joints
-Metatarsalphalangeal Joints
-Interphalangeal Joints

100
Q

What muscles are involved in Toe Flexion?

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus

101
Q

What muscles are involved in Toe Extension?

A

Extensor Hallicus Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus

102
Q

What muscles are involved in Ankle Dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Hallicus Longus

103
Q

What muscles are involved in Ankle Plantar Flexion?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

104
Q

What muscles are involved in Transverse Tarsal and Subtalar Inversion?

A

Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior (Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallicus Longus)

105
Q

What muscles are involved in Transverse Tarsal and Subtalar Eversion?

A

Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Digitorum Longus

106
Q

What happens during Acute Muscle Spasm in Gastrocnemius and Soleus?

A

-Occur somewhat commonly
-Active and passive dorsiflexion aids to relieve spasm

107
Q

What occurs during Achilles Tendon Rupture?

A

-Overstretching or excessive strain of Achilles tendon

108
Q

What is special about the scaphoid bone?

A

It is often injured
-from falling on outstretched hand (FOOSH)

109
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Increased pressure in carpal tunnel cause Median nerve impingement

110
Q

What joints are present in the wrist and hand area?

A

Wrist Joint, Metacarpophalangeal (metacarpal and 1st phalanx), Proximal Interphalangeal (1st phalanx and 2nd phalanx), Distal Interphalangeal (2nd phalanx and 3rd phalanx), Carpometacarpal Joint (carpal bone and metacarpal bone of thumb)

111
Q

What muscles are involved in Wrist Flexion?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus

112
Q

What muscles are involved in Wrist Extension?

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, and Extensor Pollicis Longus

113
Q

What muscles are involved in Wrist Abduction?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis

114
Q

What muscles are involved in Wrist Adduction?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

115
Q

What muscles are involved in Phalangeal Flexion?

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus

116
Q

What muscles are involved in Phalangeal Extension?

A

Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Longus for Thumb Extension

ANATOMY OF MOVEMENT (3 decks)

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