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ANATOMY OF MOVEMENT > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Plane and Axis of Flexion

A

Plane: Sagittal
Axis: Frontal

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2
Q

Plane and Axis of Lateral Abduction/Adduction

A

Plane: Frontal
Axis: Sagittal

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3
Q

Plane and Axis of Horizontal Rotation

A

Plane: Transverse
Axis: Vertical Axis

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4
Q

Structures responsible for stability and mobility of Diarthrodial Joints?

A

Articular or hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface ends of the bones inside the joint cavity

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5
Q

What are the Static components of Joint Stability?

A

-Bony architecture
-Cartilage
-Ligaments
-Connective Tissue

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6
Q

What are Dynamic Components of Joint Stability?

A

-Muscle Strength, endurance and flexibility
-Proprioceptors
-Motor Control

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7
Q

What is Wolf’s Law?

A

The direction in which the bone is pulled is the direction that it will grow

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8
Q

What is Davis’ Law?

A

Ligaments, muscle and other soft tissue will lengthen and strengthen the more that they are used and vice versa

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9
Q

What is the difference between Wolf and Davis’ Law?

A

Wolf’s Law focuses on bones while Davis’ Law focuses on soft tissues

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10
Q

What is the accessory movement: Roll?

A

A series of points on one articular surface contacts with a series of points on another articular surface

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11
Q

What is the Accessory Motion: Glide?

A

A specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface

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12
Q

What is the Accessory Motion: Spin?

A

Motion occurs around some stationary longitudinal mechanical axis in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction

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13
Q

What is the Convex-Concave Rule?

A

When a Convex (ball) joint surface moves on a Concave (cave) surface, roll and glide must occur in the OPPOSITE direction

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14
Q

What is the Concave-Convex Rule?

A

When a Concave (cave) surface moves on a Convex (ball) surface roll and glide occur in the SAME direction

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15
Q

E.X of Convex-Concave Rule:
When someone stands up from sitting with knees at 90 degrees, which way does the femur roll and glide?

A

Femur will roll forward and glide backwards

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16
Q

E.X. Of Concave-Convex Rule:
When someone goes to flex their knee, in which direction does the tibia roll and glide?

A

The Tibia must roll and glide backwards

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17
Q

What is an Isometric Contraction?

A

The muscle stays the same length through the contraction; is considered the preventing motion

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18
Q

What are Concentric Isotonic Contractions?

A

Muscle shortens as it develops active tension (muscle shortens and it is pulled); Causes movement against gravity (going back to starting position from push-ups)
Accelerates movement

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19
Q

What are Eccentric Isotonic Contractions?

A

Muscles lengthens under active tension (muscle lengthens and goes with gravity as it is pulled); bringing chest to the ground during push-ups
Lengthens muscle slowly

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20
Q

What are Agonist Muscles?

A

Muscles that cause joint movement (Prime Movers)
-may cause concentric or eccentric contractions

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21
Q

What are Antagonist Muscles?

A

Located on the opposite side of joint to produce opposite joint movement of agonist muscles (anti=against)
-main function is to relax and allow agonist muscles to do their thing

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22
Q

What are Stabilizer Muscles?

A

Surround the joint or body part (body guard) to stabilize the area to enable body segment to produce movement
- Establishes a firm base for the distal joints to carry out movements

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23
Q

What are Synergistic Muscles?

A

Assist agonist muscles (personal assistant) AKA guiding muscles
-main function is to assist in refined movement

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24
Q

What are Neutralizer Muscles?

A

Counteract or neutralize action of another muscle to prevent undesirable movements (security guard)
-contract to resist specific actions of other muscles

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25
What are Uniarticular Muscles?
Muscles that cross and act directly only on the joint that they cross
26
What are Biarticular Muscles?
Muscles cross and act on two different joints -is able to maintain a relatively constant length due to “shortening” at one joint and “lengthening” at another joint
27
What are Multiarticular Muscles?
Multiarticular muscles act on three or more joints between their origin and insertion crossing multiple joints
28
What is Active Insufficiency?
Active Insufficiency is reached when the muscle becomes shortened to the point that it can not generate or maintain active tension - the muscle cannot shorten any further
29
What is Passive Insufficiency?
Passive Insufficiency is reached when the opposing muscle becomes stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen and allow movement
30
E.X. Of Passive and Active Insufficiency: When flexing the hip and extending the knee simultaneously, are the quadriceps and hamstrings reaching passive or active insufficiency?
- The Quadriceps are going through active insufficiency as it cannot shorten any more - The Hamstrings are going through passive insufficiency as it cannot stretch any further
31
What is the importance of the Shoulder Girdle?
The Shoulder Girdle serves as a base for the functioning of upper extremity -it is the only attachment between upper extremity and axial skeleton
32
What is Scapular Winging?
Serrated anterior weakness or paralysis leads to medial winging when pushing forward or raising arm
33
What bones are involved in the Sternoclavicular Joint? What movements occur here?
-Bones: Sternum and Medial End of Clavicle -Movements: Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression
34
What bones are involved in the Acromioclavicular Joint? What movements occur there?
-Bones: Acromion Process of Scapula and Lateral End of Clavicle -Movements: Gliding and Rotational Motion of the Scapula
35
What bones are involved in the Scapulothoracic Joint? What movements occur there?
-Bones: Scapula and Posterior Part of the Ribcage -Movements: Elevation and Depression, Abduction and Adduction, Upward and Downward Rotation
36
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Protraction (Abduction)?
Pectoralis Minor and Serratus Anterior
37
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle retraction?
Middle and Lower Trapezius and Rhomboids
38
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Elevation?
Middle and Upper Trapezius, Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae
39
What Muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Depression?
Pectoralis Minor and Lower Trapezius
40
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Upward Rotation?
Middle and Lower Trapezius and Serratus Anterior
41
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Girdle Downward Rotation?
Pectoralis Minor and Rhomboid
42
Why is the Shoulder Joint important?
Allows for a wide range of movements in different planes
43
What bones form the Shoulder Joint?
Glenoid Fossa on Scapula and Head of the Humerus
44
What movements occur at the Shoulder Joint?
Flexion-Extension, Abduction-Adduction, Internal-External Rotation, Circumduction
45
What is Scapulohumeral Rhythm?
The synergistic movements of the glenohumeral joint movements with shoulder joint movements
46
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Flexion?
Anterior Deltoid and Upper Pectoralis Major
47
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Extension?
Teres major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Lower Pectoralis Major
48
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Abduction?
Deltoid, Supraspinatus and Upper Pectoralis Major
49
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Adduction?
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, and Lower Pectoralis Major
50
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Internal Rotation?
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major
51
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral External Rotation?
Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
52
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Horizontal Abduction?
Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
53
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Horizontal Adduction?
Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, and Coracobrachialis
54
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Diagonal Abduction?
Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor
55
What muscles are involved in Glenohumeral Diagonal Adduction?
Anterior Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, and Pectoralis Major: Upper and Lower
56
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Abduction?
Upward Rotation
57
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Adduction?
Downward Rotation
58
What Shoulder Girdle movements pairs with Shoulder Joint Flexion?
Elevation and Upward Rotation
59
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Extension?
Depression and Downward Rotation
60
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Internal Rotation?
Abduction (protraction)
61
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint External Rotation?
Adduction (Retraction)
62
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Horizontal Abduction?
Adduction (Retraction)
63
What Shoulder Girdle movement pairs with Shoulder Joint Horizontal Adduction?
Abduction (Protraction)
64
What are the three joints of the Elbow?
-Elbow Joint -Superior Radioulnar Joint -Inferior Radioulnar Joint
65
What are the Elbow Joint movements?
Flexion and Extension
66
What are the Radioulnar Joint Movements?
Supination and Pronation
67
What muscles are involved in Elbow Flexion?
Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Brachioradialis
68
What muscles are involved in Elbow Extension?
Triceps Brachii and Anconeus
69
What muscles are involved in Radioulnar Pronation?
Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus and Brachioradialis
70
What muscles are involved in Radioulnar Supination?
Biceps Brachii, Supinator Muscle and Brachioradialis
71
Why is the Pelvic Area important?
Weight bearing and locomotion
72
What are the joints of the Pelvic Area? What bones are involved in each joint?
-Sacro-Iliac Joint: Posterior Pelvic bones and sacrum -Pubic Syphysis: Anterior right and left Pelvic bones -Hip Joints: head of femur and acetabulum of pelvic girdle
73
What movements occur at the Hip Joint?
Hip Flexion and Extension, Abduction and Adduction, Hip External and Internal Rotation
74
What movements occur at the Pelvic Girdle?
Anterior and Posterior Pelvic Rotation, Right and Left Lateral Pelvic Rotation
75
What movements are involved in Hip Flexion?
Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, Pectineus, Sartorius and Tensor Fasciae Latae
76
What movements are involved in Hip Extension?
Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris (Long Head), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
77
What muscles are involved in Hip Abduction?
Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Minimus
78
What muscles are involved in Hip Adduction?
Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus and Gracilis
79
What muscles are involved in Hip Internal Rotation?
Gluteus Minimus, Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fasciae Latae and Gracilis
80
What muscles are involved in Hip External Rotation?
Gluteus Maximus and Six Deep External Rotators
81
What are the Knee Area Joints?
Knee Joint and Patellofemoral Joint
82
What 4 bones are important to the Knee Joint?
-Femur -Patella -Tibia -Fibula
83
What supports the Knee Joint?
-Articular Cartilage -Strong Muscles -Ligaments -Menisci -Bursae
84
What is the knee screw home movement and unlocking of the knee?
Screw Home: tibia rotates externally approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment with femoral condyles Unlocking: With Flexion, the tibia has to rotate internally, to a degree, from its externally rotated position
85
What muscles are involved in Knee Extension?
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius and Vastus Medialis
86
What muscles are involved in Knee Flexion?
Biceps Femoris (long and short head), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Popliteus
87
What muscles are involved in Knee Internal Rotation?
Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Popliteus
88
What muscles are involved in Knee External Rotation?
Biceps Femoris and Tensor Fascia Latae
89
What is the Atlantooccipital Joint?
First joint of vertebral column; formed between occipital condyles of skull and 1st vertebra
90
What is the Atlantoaxial Joint?
Second joint of vertebral column; Formed between Atlas (C1) and axis (C2) -Most cervical rotation occurs here
91
What muscles are involved in Cervical Flexion?
Sternocleidomastoid
92
What muscles are involved in Cervical Extension?
Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles
93
What muscles are involved in Cervical Lateral Flexion?
Sternocleirdomastoid, Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles
94
What muscles are involved in Cervical Rotation?
Sternocleidomastoid, Erector Spinae and Splenius Muscles
95
What muscles are involved in Lumbar Flexion?
Rectus Abdominis, External Oblique Abdominal and Internal Oblique Abdominal
96
What muscles are involved in Lumbar Extension?
Erector Spinae and Quadratus Lumborum
97
What muscles are involved in Lumbar Lateral Flexion?
Erector Spinae, Rectus Abdominins, External Oblique Abdominal, Internal Oblique Abdominal and Quadratus Luborum
98
What muscles are involved in Lumbar Rotation?
Erector Spinae, External Oblique Abdominal and Internal Oblique Abdominal
99
What joints are at the Ankle and Foot Area?
-Tibiofibular Joint -Ankle Joint -Tarsal Bones Joint -Intertarsal Joints -Metatarsalphalangeal Joints -Interphalangeal Joints
100
What muscles are involved in Toe Flexion?
Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus
101
What muscles are involved in Toe Extension?
Extensor Hallicus Longus and Extensor Digitorum Longus
102
What muscles are involved in Ankle Dorsiflexion?
Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Hallicus Longus
103
What muscles are involved in Ankle Plantar Flexion?
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
104
What muscles are involved in Transverse Tarsal and Subtalar Inversion?
Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior (Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallicus Longus)
105
What muscles are involved in Transverse Tarsal and Subtalar Eversion?
Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Digitorum Longus
106
What happens during Acute Muscle Spasm in Gastrocnemius and Soleus?
-Occur somewhat commonly -Active and passive dorsiflexion aids to relieve spasm
107
What occurs during Achilles Tendon Rupture?
-Overstretching or excessive strain of Achilles tendon
108
What is special about the scaphoid bone?
It is often injured -from falling on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
109
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Increased pressure in carpal tunnel cause Median nerve impingement
110
What joints are present in the wrist and hand area?
Wrist Joint, Metacarpophalangeal (metacarpal and 1st phalanx), Proximal Interphalangeal (1st phalanx and 2nd phalanx), Distal Interphalangeal (2nd phalanx and 3rd phalanx), Carpometacarpal Joint (carpal bone and metacarpal bone of thumb)
111
What muscles are involved in Wrist Flexion?
Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus
112
What muscles are involved in Wrist Extension?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, and Extensor Pollicis Longus
113
What muscles are involved in Wrist Abduction?
Flexor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis, Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Brevis
114
What muscles are involved in Wrist Adduction?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
115
What muscles are involved in Phalangeal Flexion?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus
116
What muscles are involved in Phalangeal Extension?
Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Longus for Thumb Extension

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