FINAL Flashcards
Bulimia Nervosa
-binges
-purging
-driver: body image and what people think of them
anorexia Nervosa
-extreme weight loss
-driver: fear of gaining weight
-2 types: 1. restrictive: restricting calories.
2. Binge purging type: relying on the purging to compensate (smaller binge)
-70% will be depressed at some point, higher substance use rate and OCD. 20% will die from medical complications.
binge eating disorder
-binging without purging
treatment options for bulimia nervosa
-Cognitive-behavioral therapy
-main focus is on distorted evaluation of body shape and weight & attempts to control weight in the form of strict dieting and compensatory activities
-Medical and drug treatments (ADHD)
-Antidepressants can help reduce bingeing and purging behavior
treatment options for anorexia nervosa
-Initial treatment goal is attaining healthy weight
-Psychoeducation
-Behavioral and cognitive interventions
-Target food, weight, body image, thought, and emotion
-Treatment often involves family
obesity BMI
30 or higher
actigraph
Wearable device sensitive to movement – can detect different stages of wakefulness/sleep
dyssomnias
Difficulties in amount, quality, or timing of sleep
parasomnias
Abnormal behavioral and physiological events during sleep
when is insomnia diagnosed
if it is not better explained by a different condition like anxiety
Hypersomnolence disorder
sleeping too much
narcolepsy
-Accompanied by at least one of the following:
Cataplexy
Hypocretin deficiency
Going into REM sleep abnormally fast
-Affects .03% to 0.16% of the population
-Slightly more common in males
Three types of breathing-related sleep disorders
-Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea
Airflow stops, but respiratory system works, associated w/ age and obesity, 10-20% pop., more common in males
-Central sleep apnea (CSA)
Respiratory system stops for brief periods
-Sleep-related hypoventilation
Dec. breathing during sleep not better explained by another sleep disorder
are sleep terrors and sleep walking more common in children or adults
children
behavioral medicine
Knowledge derived from behavioral science is applied to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems
health psychcology
-Subfield of behavioral medicine
-psych factors that promote and maintain health
___% of leading causes of death in U.S. are linked to behavioral / lifestyle patterns
50
general adaption syndrome
-theory of stress response
-Alarm response
-Resistance: attempt to cope with stress
-Exhaustion: body suffers damage
how does stress work
- Stress activates the HPA axis
- Hypothalamus releases CRF and stimulates pituitary gland
- Pituitary gland activates adrenal gland, secreting cortisol (stress hormone)
- Ordinarily hippocampus turns off stress response, but can be damaged by excessive or chronic stress
aids related complex
-minor health problems such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats that appear after HIV infection but before development of full-blown AIDS.
Psychoncology
*: study of psychological factors in cancer
psychosocial cancer tretaments improve
Health habits
Treatment adherence
Endocrine function
Stress response
May lead decrease mortality
chronic fatigue (lack of energy not improved by good sleep) is more common in males or females?
Females
biofeedback
-monitor and control bodily responses (Heart rate, Blood pressure, Muscle tension, EEG rhythms)
-Increase sense of control
-Improves patient’s ability to control bodily processes
relaxation and medication
-Progressive muscle relaxation
-Transcendental meditation (TM) focuses attention on a repeated mantra
-inc sense of control and mastery
-May improve headache, hypertension, acute and chronic pain
self efficacy
Perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges.
sexual dysfunction involves
desire, arousal, orgasm, pain
-must be there for 6 months and cause distress to be considered a disorder
what is HIV
sexually transmitted infection that causes AIDS
what is a cardiovascular disease
-heart, blood vessels, and regulatory mechanisms
-Problems may include heart attack, hypertension, stroke
-Heightened response to acute mental stress has adverse effects on cardiovascular health
-Chronic stress and personality factors are also important
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
little/no interest in any type of sexual activity including fantasies/mast.
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
reduced sexual inetrest/activity/sensations
erectile disorder
difficulty maintaining/acheiving an erection
orgasm disorders
-premature ejaculation: ejaculation occuring 1 min. of enetration and before its desired, 21% of adult males
-delayed ejaculation: treatment rarely sought
-female orgasmic disorder: delay, a sense, or Dec. intensity of orgasm
genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
in females, diffic. vaginal penetration associated with pain during sex/anxiety about said pain
biological sexual dysfunction causes
-disease/illness
-prescription medications (like hypertension med)
-alcohol and drugs
social sexual dysfunction causes
-anxiety, may result from trauma,
-eurotophobia: associate sex with neg. feelings
-
paraphilic disorders
misplaced sex. attraction and arousal
frotteuristic disorder
rubbing one’s genitals against another non-consenting individua to seek gratification
voyeuristic disorder
observing an unsuspecting indiivudal be naked or engaged in sex
exhibitionist disorder
exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers for grat.
transvetic disorder
sex. arousal associated with wearing clothes of opp. sex
sexual sadism
inflicting pain/humiliation for sex. grad.
sexual masochism
suffering pain/humiliation for sex. grad.
convert sensitization
imagining consequences to form neg. associations with said behavior
is gender dysphoria more common in males or females
males
Childhood-onset fluency disorder*
Often called stuttering
Occurs twice as often in boys as girls
language disorder
imited speech in all situations
Occurs in 10% to 15% of children younger than 3 years of age
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder (asking to point and they don’t)
Difficulties with social aspects of verbal & nonverbal communication
ASD has difficulties providing joint attention, which is what?
the ability to communicate interest in an external stimulus and another person at the same time
intellectual disability IQ range
70-75
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome*
Intellectual disability, symptoms of cerebral palsy, self-injurious behavior
Phenylketonuria (PKU)*
Cannot break down phenylalanine, which is found in some foods
Results in ID when the individual eats phenylalanine
fragile x syndrome
Symptoms include learning disabilities, hyperactivity, short attention span, gaze avoidance, perseverative speech
Primarily affects males
amniocentesis
Prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.
___% of pop. has a personality disorder
10
paranoid personality disorder
Pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion
Few meaningful relationships, sensitive to criticism
causes of paranoid personality disorder
may involve early learning that people and the world are dangerous or deceptive
schizoid personality disorder
detachment from social relationships
Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations
Etiology is unclear but may have overlap with ASD
schizotypal personality disorder
Behavior & beliefs odd/unusual
Socially isolated & very suspicious
Magical thinking, illusions
Many meet criteria for major depression
Some say it is a milder form of schizophrenia
causes of schizotypal personality disorder
Mild expression of “schizophrenia genes”?
May be more likely to develop after childhood trauma
More generalized brain deficits may be present
antisocial personality disorder
-Failure to comply with social norms
-Violation of the rights of others
-irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful
-Lack of a conscience, empathy, and remorse
-May be very charming, interpersonally manipulative
-Children who develop APD may not learn to fear consequences of negative actions (punishment for setting fires)
BPD
-Unstable moods and relationships
-Impulsivity, fear of abandonment, very poor self-image
-Self-harm and suicidal gestures
-Comorbidity rates are high
BPD causes
Strong genetic component
Maybe impaired functioning of limbic system
Early trauma/abuse inc risk
histrionic personality disorder
Overly dramatic and sensational
May be sexually provocative
Often impulsive and need to be the center of attention
Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow
More common in females
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self-importance
Preoccupation with receiving attention
Lack sensitivity and compassion
Highly sensitive to criticism; envious and arrogant
avoidant personality disorder
very sensitive to the others’ opinions
Highly avoidant of most interpersonal relationships
Interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection
causes of avoidant personality disorder
occurs more often in relatives of people with schizophrenia
early rejection
Childhood neglect, isolation, rejection, and conflict
Dependent Personality Disorder
rely on others to make major & minor decisions
unreasonable fear of abandonment
Clingy & submissive in interpersonal relat.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
fixation on doing things the right way
Highly perfectionistic, orderly, and emotionally shallow
Unwilling to delegate tasks because others will do them wrong
Difficulty with spontaneity
Often have interpersonal problems
Obsessions and compulsions are rare
schizophrenia
cognitive & emotional dysfunctions like delusions & hallucinations, disorganized speech & behavior, & inappropriate emotions
Alogia
causes you to speak less, say fewer words or only speak in response to others
Anhedonia
lack of pleasure
Affective flattening
do not show emotions when emotions would normally be expected
Schizophreniform disorder*
Psychotic symptoms lasting between 1 to 6 months (>6 months would be diagnosed as schizophrenia)
Schizoaffective disorder*
Symptoms of schizophrenia + additional experience of a major mood episode (depressive or manic)
brief psychotic disorder
characterized by positive symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations/delusions) or disorganized symptoms
Lasts less than a month
Briefest duration of all psychotic disorders
Attenuated psychosis syndrome
Individual does not meet full criteria for schizophrenia but may benefit from intervention.
causes of schizophrenia:
-schizophrenia is partially caused by overactive dopamine?
Enlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volume
Hypofrontality – less active frontal lobes
A major dopamine pathway
Viral infections during prenatal dev
-marijuana
antipsychotics treatment side affects
parkinson’s like (tremors, muscle stiffness)
Tardive dyskinesia
shared psychotic disorder
Psychotic disturbance in which individuals develop a delusion similar to that of a person with whom they share a close relationship.
expressed emotion
Hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement by some families toward a family member with a psychological disorder. This can contribute to the person’s relapse.
delerium
temporary confusion and disorientation
impaired consciousness and cognition
aphasia
difficulty with language
agnosia
failure to recognize objects
pick’s disease
Produces a cortical dementia like Alzheimer’s
Occurs relatively early in life (around 40s or 50s)
deterministic genes
Rare genes that inevitably lead to Alzheimer’s
Beta-amyloid precursor gene
Presenilin-1 and Presenilin-2 genes
suseptability genes
Make it more likely, not certain to develop Alzheimer’s
ApoE4 gene is located on chromosome 19 and associated with late onset Alzheimer’s
