FINAL Flashcards
Body systems
Skeletal,Muscular,Nervous,Circulatory,Reproductive
Hierarchy of life
Atom,Molecule,Macromolecule,Organelle,Cell,Tissue,Organ,Organ System, Organism
At what level do we consider something alive?
Cell
Xylem and Phloem are tissues in plants that do what?
Xylem moves water
Phloem moves nutrients
Photosynthesis turns light energy into what?
Chemical Energy
What part of the plant does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
4 main macromolecule groups and examples
Protein, Meat
Carbs, Bread
Nucleic Acid, DNA
Fats, Butter
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the difference between Saturated and Unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats= Solid at room temp
Unsaturated fats= Liquid at room temp
Amino acids are the building blocks of what?
Protein
Nucleotides are the building blocks of what?
Nucleic acids
Every organic compound must include what element?
Carbon
What are used to determine the shape of a protein?
Sequence of amino acids
DNA Definition and Function
Definition= Contains genetic information responsible for development
Function= Allows information to be passed generation to generation
Chromosome Definition and Function
Definition= DNA packed around specific proteins
Function= carries information from cell to cell
Gene Definition and Function
Definition= Segment of DNA that codes for a trait
Function= Pass traits from generation to generation
What was Watson and Cricks contribution to DNA?
Structure of DNA
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA
DNA RNA
Double stranded Single stranded
G-G-A-T G-C-A-U
Deoxyribonucleic sugar Ribose sugar
Mitosis
Single cells divide into two daughter cells
Meiosis
Cell division that reduces the amount of chromosomes
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes in an organism
Diploid
Two complete sets of chromosomes
Mitosis
Genetics identical daughters
Meiosis
Genetically unique daughters
Why is DNA replication an important process for cell division?
To pass genetics from generation to generation
How does meiosis produce genetic variation in the egg and sperm?
Independent assortment and crossing over
How many chromosomes in diploid cells in humans? How many in haploid?
46
23
What types of cells are haploid? What type of cells are diploid?
Haploid= Sex cells
Diploid= Somatic cells
Dominant
Stronger form of a gene
Recessive
The weaker form of a gene
Genotype
BB,Bb,bb
Phenotype
Characteristics based on genes
Homozygous
Two of the same things
Heterozygous
Two different things
Trait
A specific characteristic of an individual
Allele
Version of a gene
Monohybrid
A single trait cross
Dihybrid
Two different genes
Sex-linked
Traits carried through sex chromosomes
Co-Dominance
Both alleles are dominant
Incomplete dominance
Both alleles combine
For example,
Red and White flower combine into pink flower
Multiple alleles
Versions of a trait within a population
Polygenic traits
3 or more genes contribute to a trait
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel