Final Flashcards
The abdominal quadrants include all of the following except the:
right medial
The term lateral is best defined as:
to the side
What word would be used to refer to a patient’s rapid breathing?
tachypnea
Which of the following BEST describes the anatomic position?
Standing, facing forward, with arms at the side, palms forward
Which of the following describes the midline of the body?
An imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves
The inside of a person’s thigh is also known as its ________ aspect.
medial
The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
distal
Physiology is the study of:
body systems
Which of the following terms describes the heart muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical impulses?
automacity
Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of muscles?
inhalation
An artery is a blood vessel that only:
pulmonary artery
The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body?
Capillaries
What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to hemorrhage?
Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues
You are on the scene at an office building where a 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a “fight-or-flight” response may have been activated in this patient, involving which nervous system and which hormone?
sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine
What is the largest bone of the lower leg?
tibia
What is another name for the shoulder blade?
scapula
What is the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?
radius
Which of the following is NOT part of the upper extremities?
Calcaneus
Your 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as the:
mandible.
Which of the following structures closes over the trachea to protect it during swallowing?
epiglottis
What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process?
passive
The pressure that is created when the heart pushes the blood throughout the circulatory system is called:
hydrostatic pressure.
Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism?
carbon dioxide
The seat of respiratory control is found in the:
medulla oblongata.
________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Deoxygenated
What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?
Nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
You respond to a patient who is choking on a foreign object. This would indicate that the problem is most likely in the ________ airway.
upper
Which of the following is NOT determined in a scene size-up?
chief complaint
You are dispatched to a local bar for the report of an unresponsive female patient found in the bathroom. As you approach the scene, you notice a large crowd outside the front door holding beer bottles. The group has pulled the patient outside. As you approach the scene, people from the group start yelling, “Do something! She’s not breathing.” What concerns you the most about this scene?
The large crowd that has been drinking and is now yelling at you
Which of the following situations will NOT require additional resources at the scene?
A patient with emphysema who is on oxygen therapy at home
Which of the following may be a hazard at the scene of a vehicle collision?
Electrocution
Hazardous materials
Other emergency vehicles
When should the EMT evaluate the need for Standard Precautions?
An evaluation should be made throughout the call.
Which of the following is NOT part of the general impression?
Patient’s past medical history
In EMS, what does mental status refer to?
Patient’s level of awareness of his surroundings
In EMS, which of the following BEST describes the term intervention?
Taking steps to correct a problem
Which of the following describes the chief complaint?
Reason why the patient summoned EMS
Which of the following represents the correct order of assessment for the EMT during the primary assessment from start to end?
General impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority
Which of the following is completed first during the primary assessment?
Forming a general impression
A patient whose mental status can be described as “verbal” is able to:
respond to speaking or shouting by opening the eyes.
The mnemonic AVPU is used to evaluate which of the following?
Patient’s level of responsiveness
You are approaching a 16-year-old male with bright red spurting blood coming from his leg. He is screaming, and he begs you to help him. You should:
control the bleeding
What is a normal capillary refill time in a pediatric patient?
less than 2 seconds
Which of the following is the proper position for maintaining the airway in a child with a decreased level of consciousness?
Placing the head and neck in a neutral position; using a folded towel under the shoulders if necessary
The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as:
stridor
The trachea branches off at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi.
carina
Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway?
bronchi
What is the danger that an altered mental status can pose to a patient’s breathing?
Loss of muscle tone and airway collapse
Perhaps the simplest way to determine if a patient has a patent airway is to:
say “hello”
What is the sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating impedance or partial obstruction to the flow of air?
snoring
Which of the following is a disadvantage of oropharyngeal airways (OPAs)?
They cannot be used in a patient with a gag reflex.
Which of the following is an advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?
It may be tolerated by many patients with a gag reflex.
On which of the following types of calls should you bring your portable suction unit to the patient’s side upon arrival on the scene?
Motor vehicle collision
Cardiac arrest
Seizure
You are ventilating a cardiac arrest patient when he begins to vomit copious amounts of large pieces of undigested food. Which of the following would be most effective in clearing the airway?
Using large bore suction tubing without a tip or catheter attached
When suctioning the airway, suction should never be applied for longer than ________ seconds.
10
When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, how many degrees do you need to rotate the airway so the tip is pointing down into the patient’s pharynx?
180
Which of the following is the correct method of suctioning?
Insert the catheter or tip to the desired depth prior to applying suction.
Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient?
The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling.
You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should:
leave the dentures in place.
What are the signs of hypoxia?
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin), deterioration of patient’s mental status
In assessing a patient’s breathing, what is your first question?
is he breathing
Why is inhalation described as an active process?
It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called:
ventilation
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
pulmonary respiration
A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his accurate pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory:
distress
When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?
When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change.
What is NOT one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system?
15/25 respiratory fitting
You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:
reduce the volume of the ventilations.
What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?
50%
Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?
nonrebreather
The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.
6
Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder?
green and white
Which of the following occurs to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction?
Dilation
Which of the following is NOT a way in which poisons can access the body?
radiation
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs by which of the following routes?
inhalation
Carbon monoxide poisoning should be suspected when a patient has been in an enclosed area and has which of the following signs and/or symptoms?
Headache, dizziness, and nausea
Flu-like symptoms
Vomiting and altered mental status
Which of the following is the cause of the black residue found in a patient’s mouth and nose following smoke inhalation?
carbon
What is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?
hormones
Which of the following statements concerning heart attacks and cardiac arrest is NOT true?
The most common initial rhythm in sudden cardiac death is asystole.
Physiology is the study of:
body systems
Which of the following BEST describes the medical condition of shock?
A state of inadequate tissue perfusion
Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood loss?
spleen
The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following mechanisms?
Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta
A clot cannot form without which of the following blood components?
platelets
The term poison is BEST described as any substance that can do which of the following?
harm the body
Most cases of accidental poisoning involve which of the following?
young children
Which of the following groups is the most susceptible to the effects of a poison?
elderly
Which of the following is NOT a way in which poisons can access the body?
radiation
Smoke inhalation can result in all of the following except:
lung contusion.
CPAP requires a blood Pressure of_________ mmHg
90
CPAP can not be applied to a patient that is suffering from?
Unconscious
CHF is an abbreviation for?
congestive heart failure
CPAP can be used to help conscious patients that are suffering from all of the following………..EXCEPT EXCEPT
pneumothorax
When applying CPAP you will likely have to _____________ your patient?
coach
Which of the following best describes body mechanics
Proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving objects
Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT’s feet when lifting?
shoulder width apart
What should you NOT do when using a stair chair?
lean forward at the waist
What is the likely impact of power stretchers on EMS?
There will be a decrease in the number of injuries among EMTs.
Stretchers that are designed to carry obese patients weighing up to 800 pounds (or more) are called:
bariatric stretchers.
