Final

Question 1

religious hybridity

Answer 1

when you have a spiritual belief that is made up of one or more religion

Question 2

Classic Maya Royal Court:

Answer 2

“the big stuff” all of the large structures that you think of, grandiose architecture that was the center of politics and religion

Question 3

Community Archaeology

Answer 3

the inclusion of local mayan community with the exploration of the archaeologists, so that they understand and know what is happening, doing research with them instead of about them

Question 4

Kukulkan

Answer 4

a mayan term for a feather serpent

Question 5

Emblem Glyphs

Answer 5

the motifs that are the gills that are more logographic, and spell out things for a specific place

Question 6

Axis Mundi

Answer 6

the center of the world, important because rulers would position themselves as the center of the world

Question 7

Cháak

Answer 7

the rain god, still recognized currently

Question 8

Calakmul

Answer 8

a very powerful site with many battles between calakmul and tekal.

Question 9

Sayil & Uxmal:

Answer 9

Both cities thrived during the Late Classic period (600–900 CE) and were part of a network of Puuc sites characterized by ornate, carved stone facades.

Question 10

Jasaw Chan K’awiil

Answer 10

the 26 ruler of Tikal with a long rule, burried in temple 1

Question 11

Quetzal Feathers

Answer 11

long blue green iridescent feathers from the quetzal bird, but had to be trapped

Question 12

Ramada church

Answer 12

the old colonial structure it had a roman arch, lots of the church was made of perishable materials

Question 13

Kaqchikel

Answer 13

a highland Maya people that still exists,

Question 14

Corbelled arch/vault

Answer 14

a arch with a triangle shape with stones that were balanced until they met in the middle, is a big deal because it was difficult to do and was a symbol of engineering in the Maya region

Question 15

Patron deity/patron saint

Answer 15

A specific diety or saint for a place

Question 16

Melipona beechii

Answer 16

a genus species for the stingless bees, good for honey and wax

Question 17

K’uhul ajaw

Answer 17

the term used on emblem glyphs for a ruler or priest

Question 18

El Castillo @ Chichen Itzá

Answer 18

the main pyramid of chichen, with feather serpent imagery, when the sun sets on the solar equinox the serpent appears to slyther

Question 19

God L

Answer 19

diety of merchants, represented with jaguar skin smoking a cigar

Question 20

Ceiba Tree

Answer 20

symbolic tree, the roots are in the underworld, the trunk is in our world, and the upper branches and leavers are in the upper world

Question 21

3 plants in mesoamerica

Answer 21

cacao, maize, tobacco

Question 22

K’inich Janab Pakal

Answer 22

he ruled over pelenke, he is well known because of reasserting the power in pelenke, and is known for his 2 sons who also ruled. His burial place being so spectacular and the fact that everything is so well documented about him is why we know so much He is buried in the most spectacular mayan tomb, called the temple of the inscriptions

Question 23

Compare and contrast the Classic with the Postclassic period. Discuss how the two time-periods were different. In your answer, reference two archaeological sites from the Classic period and two from Postclassic times.

Answer 23

Classic was from 250-900 CE
-Tikal and Copán
- Dominated by powerful city-states ruled by divine kings.
-Monumental architecture, including towering pyramids and elaborate plazas.
-Extensive use of hieroglyphic writing and calendar systems.
-Economy based on agriculture, trade, and tribute.
Postclassic was from 900-1500 CE
-Shift to more decentralized political structures with alliances and confederations.
-Increased emphasis on trade and coastal settlements.
-Simplified architectural styles and reduced use of hieroglyphic writing.
-Greater influence of Toltec culture and militaristic iconography.
-Chichen Itza and Mayapan

Question 24

When did Spanish colonization of the Maya region take place? Discuss three strategies of Spanish conquest and whether, in your opinion, they were successful or unsuccessful. What can we learn about Spanish colonization from the Popol Vuh and other Mayan-language sources?

Answer 24

-Began in the early 16th century
-relied on military force and alliance (effective short term, however in the long run the mayans resisted for a very long time, even surviving today)
-Religious conversion (partial success because of religious hybridity)
-Cultural assimilation: good for the Spanish economy, but it culturally devastated the mayans