Final Flashcards
Which of the following was a goal of the Gregorian Reform?
Decrease in lay involvement in the church
____(1412-1431) managed as a teenager to rally the French during the 100 years war after receiving visions from god, was burnt at stake.
Joan of Arc
This tax, known as ____ was the equivalent of one year’s revenues for an ecclesiastical office and was collected by the papacy.
Annate
Koke Mongke Tengri, meaning ____ was the unifying ideology of the Mongols
The Eternal Blue Sky
This crusade against the Cathars led to the conquest of the Languedoc by the Northern French.
Albisengian Crusade
The three forms of the Black Death are
Bubonic, pneumonic and septicaemic
The disease theory prominent during the period of the Black Death
Miasma
This heavy plow, alongside the development of horseshoes and an effective harness for horses was one of the technological advances in agriculture.
Carraca
What were some of the consequences of the Crusading movement on Europe?
Exchange of ideas (Aristotle), exchange in technology (astrolabe), trade in luxury goods (silk, spices), diseases (black plague), worsening relations with the Jews and Muslims.
These troops, recruited from the Rus’, formed an imperial bodyguard under John Tzimiskes.
Varangian guard
This rule became the standard rule for monks i Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages.
The rule of Saint-Benedict
This church in Jerusalem was destroyed under Al-Hakim in 1009
The church of the Holy Sepulchre
This pope preached the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095
Pope Urban II
The three subjects of grammar, logic and rhetoric, together known as this, formed the basis of primary education in the Middle Ages
The Trivium
This battle of 16 July 1212, which pitted the kings of Castile, Navarre and Aragon against the Almohads.
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
This mongol leader, born as Temujin in 1162
Genghis Khan
This arrangement in which an investor laid out 100% of the capital
Commendas
The sacrament of penance was understood to contain these three main elements.
Contrition, confession and satisfaction
Briefly explain the development of universities in medieval Europe.
church (cathedral schools)
Paris (freelance teachers)
Universitas (group of teachers
Faculties (Arts (Trivium, quadrivium) theology, law, medecine)
Association of craftspeople regulated industry in medieval towns?
Guilds
Unfree peasants were known as
Serfs
This scholar brought to Aachen by Charlemagne to run his palace school
Alcuin of York
This man known as the Father of Monks
Anthony
The five pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawn, and ___
Hajj
Briefly explain the political and economic causes of the Hundred Years’ War
France → No male to claim the throne
What two elements were necessary for marriage in Europe
Consent and consummation
This was a social, ethical and military code for knights
Chivalry
This financial tool allowed people to borrow and lend money in a city where they were not present
the bill of exchange
These meant to ease passage through Purgatory were very popular
Indulgences
This concoction, made of various things like opium, minerals, herbs, bits of animal, and bone was thought to be a cure-all and to be effective against the plage _____
Theriaca
______ were groups of people dedicated to physically chastisting themselves for their sins and the sins of the communities.
Flagellants
This folk hero of the Reconquista, known as ____ ____, was born as Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar.
El Cid
What were the causes of demographic decline in the 14th century Europe
Famine
Little ice age
Black death
This pope _____ called both the Fourth Crusade, which eventually conquered Constantinople.
Innocent III
This form of monasticism, known as ____ or ____ is when a solitary monk lives by themselves.
eremitism and anchoritism
____ ____, one of the successful Macedonian emperors of the Byzantine Empire
John Tzimiskès
This man,____, also known as the Bulgar-Slayer, followed the reign of John Tzimiskès, he established the Varangian Guard.
Basil II
The election of _____ followed a few months later by the election of ______ marks the beginning of the Great Western Schism.
Urban VI and Clement VII
These three cities of northern Italy were the driving force behind the expansion of Mediterranean trade in the Middle Ages.
Pisa, Genoa, Venice
This form of monasticism, known as ____ is when a group of monks live together according to common rule.
cenobitism
The _____ was a 5% tariff levied by the Mongol empire on all trade along the Silk Roads.
tamgha
A _____ was an arrangement in which an investor laid out two-thirds of the capital for a trading voyage,
Colleganza
The three orders of medieval society
Oratores, Bellatores, Laboratores
Briefly explain the aims of the Gregorian Reform of the eleventh century.
People are unhappy because rulers have too much power. There is something called investiture meaning who appoints bishops? There is supposed to be an election by chapter but it is confirmed by the pope or by secular rulers. Each thought they were the one choosing and fought over it. There is a lot of money involved and the pope eventually wins.
Corruption within the church, simony (purchasing what is holy), priests’ kids as inheritors, marriages within the clergy, celibacy becomes the rule, imposition of Monastic morality and practice
First Analysis : What sort of document is this?
excerpt from historical work
First Analysis : Author?
Giovanni Boccaccio
First Analysis : When was it written?
Between 1349-1353
First Analysis : Audience?
Educated readers of his time, and future generations.
First Analysis : Can you believe the author?
Boccaccio is credible as he lived through the Black Death and observed its effects directly, but it is recounted from his perspective.
First analysis : Biased?
Yes, because it is told from a religious perspective, and from his values.
First analysis : What is the ultimate cause of the plague for Boccaccio?
Divine punishment for humanity’s sins.
First analysis : the competing theories on how to treat the plague?
- Avoiding excess
- Leaving the city
- Indulging in pleasures
First analysis : What does Boccaccio reveal about social relations before and after the plague? What has changed?
- Before : Stronger family ties, religious customs and community support.
- After : Lesser familiar and communal ties, fear and self preservation were more important than trad values.
Second analysis : When was it written?
Before 1368
Second analysis : Author?
Ibn Battuta
Second analysis : Sort of doc?
Historical travel account
Second analysis : Who is the audience?
educated readers and future generations
Second analysis : Can you believe the author?
Yes, saw the events, but may have been exagerated or reflecting his perspective.
Second analysis : Biased?
Yes because of his religious and cultural perspective and values impact how he recounts it.
Second analysis : What is the ultimate cause of the Plague according to Ibn Battuta?
He does not explicitly state a cause but describes communal religious actions to seek divine help, suggesting a spiritual explanation.
Second analysis : Who joined the processions in Damascus according to Ibn Battuta?
Everyone in the city, including men, women, children, religious leaders, Jews and Christians,
Second analysis : What does Ibn Battuta tell us incidentally about daily life in Damascus? How do relations between different religious groups appear to have been?
showing unity during a crisis, daily life was centered on religion and community, relations between religious groups seemed good.
