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Middle Ages > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following was a goal of the Gregorian Reform?

A

Decrease in lay involvement in the church

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2
Q

____(1412-1431) managed as a teenager to rally the French during the 100 years war after receiving visions from god, was burnt at stake.

A

Joan of Arc

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3
Q

This tax, known as ____ was the equivalent of one year’s revenues for an ecclesiastical office and was collected by the papacy.

A

Annate

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4
Q

Koke Mongke Tengri, meaning ____ was the unifying ideology of the Mongols

A

The Eternal Blue Sky

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5
Q

This crusade against the Cathars led to the conquest of the Languedoc by the Northern French.

A

Albisengian Crusade

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6
Q

The three forms of the Black Death are

A

Bubonic, pneumonic and septicaemic

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7
Q

The disease theory prominent during the period of the Black Death

A

Miasma

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8
Q

This heavy plow, alongside the development of horseshoes and an effective harness for horses was one of the technological advances in agriculture.

A

Carraca

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9
Q

What were some of the consequences of the Crusading movement on Europe?

A

Exchange of ideas (Aristotle), exchange in technology (astrolabe), trade in luxury goods (silk, spices), diseases (black plague), worsening relations with the Jews and Muslims.

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10
Q

These troops, recruited from the Rus’, formed an imperial bodyguard under John Tzimiskes.

A

Varangian guard

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11
Q

This rule became the standard rule for monks i Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages.

A

The rule of Saint-Benedict

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12
Q

This church in Jerusalem was destroyed under Al-Hakim in 1009

A

The church of the Holy Sepulchre

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13
Q

This pope preached the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095

A

Pope Urban II

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14
Q

The three subjects of grammar, logic and rhetoric, together known as this, formed the basis of primary education in the Middle Ages

A

The Trivium

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15
Q

This battle of 16 July 1212, which pitted the kings of Castile, Navarre and Aragon against the Almohads.

A

The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

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16
Q

This mongol leader, born as Temujin in 1162

A

Genghis Khan

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17
Q

This arrangement in which an investor laid out 100% of the capital

A

Commendas

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18
Q

The sacrament of penance was understood to contain these three main elements.

A

Contrition, confession and satisfaction

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19
Q

Briefly explain the development of universities in medieval Europe.

A

church (cathedral schools)
Paris (freelance teachers)
Universitas (group of teachers
Faculties (Arts (Trivium, quadrivium) theology, law, medecine)

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20
Q

Association of craftspeople regulated industry in medieval towns?

A

Guilds

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21
Q

Unfree peasants were known as

A

Serfs

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22
Q

This scholar brought to Aachen by Charlemagne to run his palace school

A

Alcuin of York

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23
Q

This man known as the Father of Monks

A

Anthony

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24
Q

The five pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawn, and ___

A

Hajj

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25
Q

Briefly explain the political and economic causes of the Hundred Years’ War

A

France → No male to claim the throne

26
Q

What two elements were necessary for marriage in Europe

A

Consent and consummation

27
Q

This was a social, ethical and military code for knights

A

Chivalry

28
Q

This financial tool allowed people to borrow and lend money in a city where they were not present

A

the bill of exchange

29
Q

These meant to ease passage through Purgatory were very popular

A

Indulgences

30
Q

This concoction, made of various things like opium, minerals, herbs, bits of animal, and bone was thought to be a cure-all and to be effective against the plage _____

A

Theriaca

31
Q

______ were groups of people dedicated to physically chastisting themselves for their sins and the sins of the communities.

A

Flagellants

32
Q

This folk hero of the Reconquista, known as ____ ____, was born as Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar.

A

El Cid

33
Q

What were the causes of demographic decline in the 14th century Europe

A

Famine
Little ice age
Black death

34
Q

This pope _____ called both the Fourth Crusade, which eventually conquered Constantinople.

A

Innocent III

35
Q

This form of monasticism, known as ____ or ____ is when a solitary monk lives by themselves.

A

eremitism and anchoritism

36
Q

____ ____, one of the successful Macedonian emperors of the Byzantine Empire

A

John Tzimiskès

37
Q

This man,____, also known as the Bulgar-Slayer, followed the reign of John Tzimiskès, he established the Varangian Guard.

A

Basil II

38
Q

The election of _____ followed a few months later by the election of ______ marks the beginning of the Great Western Schism.

A

Urban VI and Clement VII

39
Q

These three cities of northern Italy were the driving force behind the expansion of Mediterranean trade in the Middle Ages.

A

Pisa, Genoa, Venice

40
Q

This form of monasticism, known as ____ is when a group of monks live together according to common rule.

A

cenobitism

41
Q

The _____ was a 5% tariff levied by the Mongol empire on all trade along the Silk Roads.

A

tamgha

42
Q

A _____ was an arrangement in which an investor laid out two-thirds of the capital for a trading voyage,

A

Colleganza

43
Q

The three orders of medieval society

A

Oratores, Bellatores, Laboratores

44
Q

Briefly explain the aims of the Gregorian Reform of the eleventh century.

A

People are unhappy because rulers have too much power. There is something called investiture meaning who appoints bishops? There is supposed to be an election by chapter but it is confirmed by the pope or by secular rulers. Each thought they were the one choosing and fought over it. There is a lot of money involved and the pope eventually wins.
Corruption within the church, simony (purchasing what is holy), priests’ kids as inheritors, marriages within the clergy, celibacy becomes the rule, imposition of Monastic morality and practice

45
Q

First Analysis : What sort of document is this?

A

excerpt from historical work

46
Q

First Analysis : Author?

A

Giovanni Boccaccio

47
Q

First Analysis : When was it written?

A

Between 1349-1353

48
Q

First Analysis : Audience?

A

Educated readers of his time, and future generations.

49
Q

First Analysis : Can you believe the author?

A

Boccaccio is credible as he lived through the Black Death and observed its effects directly, but it is recounted from his perspective.

50
Q

First analysis : Biased?

A

Yes, because it is told from a religious perspective, and from his values.

51
Q

First analysis : What is the ultimate cause of the plague for Boccaccio?

A

Divine punishment for humanity’s sins.

52
Q

First analysis : the competing theories on how to treat the plague?

A
  • Avoiding excess
  • Leaving the city
  • Indulging in pleasures
53
Q

First analysis : What does Boccaccio reveal about social relations before and after the plague? What has changed?

A
  • Before : Stronger family ties, religious customs and community support.
  • After : Lesser familiar and communal ties, fear and self preservation were more important than trad values.
54
Q

Second analysis : When was it written?

A

Before 1368

55
Q

Second analysis : Author?

A

Ibn Battuta

56
Q

Second analysis : Sort of doc?

A

Historical travel account

57
Q

Second analysis : Who is the audience?

A

educated readers and future generations

58
Q

Second analysis : Can you believe the author?

A

Yes, saw the events, but may have been exagerated or reflecting his perspective.

59
Q

Second analysis : Biased?

A

Yes because of his religious and cultural perspective and values impact how he recounts it.

60
Q

Second analysis : What is the ultimate cause of the Plague according to Ibn Battuta?

A

He does not explicitly state a cause but describes communal religious actions to seek divine help, suggesting a spiritual explanation.

61
Q

Second analysis : Who joined the processions in Damascus according to Ibn Battuta?

A

Everyone in the city, including men, women, children, religious leaders, Jews and Christians,

62
Q

Second analysis : What does Ibn Battuta tell us incidentally about daily life in Damascus? How do relations between different religious groups appear to have been?

A

showing unity during a crisis, daily life was centered on religion and community, relations between religious groups seemed good.

Middle Ages (2 decks)

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