Final

Question 1

If an organism has four pairs of homologous chromosomes and undergoes sexual reproduction, how many different combinations of homologous chromosomes can occur in the gametes after meiosis?

Answer 1

16

Question 2

The three bases in mRNA that tRNAs recognize during translation are called

Answer 2

Codons

Question 3

. The process that occurs in both mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes become visible is called

Answer 3

Chromosome Condensation

Question 4

crossing over occurs during

Answer 4

meiosis between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 5

The hayflick limit refers to

Answer 5

e number of cell divisions a cell can undergo

Question 6

Which of the following allele combinations for the ABO blood group would demonstrate codominance in an individual?

Answer 6

A,B

Question 7

During protein synthesis, a(n) _____________ brings an amino acid to the ribosome.

Answer 7

tRNA

Question 8

A Zygote is formed as a result of

Answer 8

the sperm fertilizing the ovum

Question 9

Which of the following human genetic diseases most likely results from nondisjunction?

Answer 9

Trisomy 21-Down Syndrome

Question 10

There are ____________ codons used for the amino acid Leucine during protein synthesis.

Answer 10

Six

Question 11

if a cells in the G0 stage, this means that the cell

Answer 11

is not undergoing cell division

Question 12

At the end of both types of cell division

Answer 12

mitosis produces diploid cells and meiosis produces haploid cells

Question 13

Which of the following pairs are not properly matched?
Sickle cell disease: hemoglobin defect c. hemophilia: blood clotting disorder
Marfan’s syndrome: collagen defect d. Huntington’s disease: heart cell disorder

Answer 13

Huntingtons disease: heart cell disorder

Question 14

Apoptosis is the process of

Answer 14

programmed cell death

Question 15

Two DNA repair genes that are commonly mutated in breast and ovarian cancer are

Answer 15

BRCA1+BRCA2

Question 16

If an mRNA sequence was AUGCCUGCUCGGAAAUGA the resulting protein synthesized would be

Answer 16

Methionine-Proline-Alanine-Arginine-Lysine.

Question 17

Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disease that results in the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain. A man who has Huntington’s disease has one normal and one mutated gene (the Huntington disease gene). What is the chance of him having his first child have Huntington’s disease if he has children with a woman who has two normal genes?

Answer 17

1/2

Question 18

Rh factor incompatibility could result in which of the following?
An rh+ mother and an rh- father c. an rh+ mother and an rh+ father
An rh- mother and an rh+ father d. An rh- mother and an rh- father

Answer 18

an rh- mother and an rh+ father

Question 19

sister chromatids have

Answer 19

the same genes and the same alleles

Question 20

In a pedigree, a consanguineous mating refers to a mating between two individuals who
are related c. have the same blood type
live in the same area d. already have children

Answer 20

are related

Question 21

A substance that is hydrophobic

Answer 21

will not readily or easily dissolve or dissociate in water

Question 22

what does the sodium potassium pump do

Answer 22

1. it is a membrane protein
2. it requires ATP to function
3. it pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and then pumps 2 k+ ions into the cell

Question 23

a buffer is a defined substance that

Answer 23

minimizes the change in the pH of a solution when a sting acid or base is added to the solution

Question 24

the transport of substances in vesicles occurs during

Answer 24

endocytosis and exocytosis during bulk transport

Question 25

sickle cell disease

Answer 25

is a hemoglobin disorder

Question 26

marfans syndrome

Answer 26

is a collagen disorder

Question 27

hemophilia

Answer 27

is a blood clotting defect

Question 28

huntington’s disease

Answer 28

is a neurodivergent disease

Question 29

the type of bond formed when one amino acid is bonded to another or bonded to a chain of amino acids is called

Answer 29

a peptide bond

Question 30

compared to a non-catalized reaction, a chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme will

Answer 30

lower the activation energy of a reaction

Question 31

pH is a measure of the

Answer 31

H+ concentration of a solution

Question 32

one major difference between active and passive transport is that

Answer 32

active transport requires energy in the form of ATP; passive transport does not

Question 33

solution A has a pH of 7.0. Solution B has a pH of 9.0. What is true in a comparison of solution A and B

Answer 33

Solution B is 100 times more basic then Solution A

Question 34

phospholipids and triglycerides are similar in that each

Answer 34

are synthesized from glycerol

Question 35

karyotpes

Answer 35

a visual representation of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

Question 36

meiosis produces

Answer 36

four genetically unique cells
sexual reproduction
produces gametes

Question 37

mitosis produces

Answer 37

two genetically identical cells
asexual reproduction
produces somatic cells

Question 38

cleavage refers to

Answer 38

rapid cell division by mitosis during early development

Question 39

henrietta lacks

Answer 39

died in the 1950’s but her hela cancer cells are still alive and used for research today

Question 40

telomeres

Answer 40

are specialized DNA regions at the end of chromosomes that are duplicated by the enzyme telomerase

Question 41

a gene

Answer 41

is a region of DNA that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein or the base sequence of an RNA that functions in a cell

Question 42

different forms of the same gene are referred to as

Answer 42

alleles