FINAL Flashcards
Match units to the following measurements:
Intensity
Pitch
Frequency
Loundness
Intensity - db
Pitch- mel
Frequency- hz
Loudness- phon
The ear’s ability to determine the direction from which sound is coming from is called [x].
Localization
T/F Amplitude, frequency, and phase are perceptual properties of sound that depend on the listener.
False
What is NOT an example or definition of threshold?
The point at which there is 50% perception
Loud noise vs painful noise
Hearing vs not hearing
The point at which there is 100% perception
The point at which there is 100% perception
The frequency of the reference tone used to measure equal loudness contour is always set at _________ Hz.
1000
1 sone is equal _______ Phons.
40
What is term for the amount by which one stimulus must be different from another for a person to notice the two stimulus are different?
Just noticeable difference
What unit is used to show loudness on the audiogram?
db HL
Binaural definition
two ears
Monoaural definition
one ear
head shadow effect definition
when intensity is differed from one side of the head to another
We are more sensitive to __ changes.
Horizantal
If the sound of a bell ringing at 80 dB SPL (i.e., the test tone) is judged to be as loud as a 1000-Hz tone at 60 dB SPL (i.e., the reference tone), then the loudness level of the bell in Phon is:
60
T/F The perceived loudness of a sound is dependent on its frequency.
True
What is this value expressed in dB SPL? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.
26.02
If a sound has an amplitude of 100 dB SPL at 1 meter from its source, what will the amplitude (in dB SPL) be when the sound is 4 meters from the source? Round your answer to two decimal places.
87.96
Numerical Scale Def
Series of numbers
Graph Scale Def
size of units on a graph
Measurment Scale
a systematic set of measures
An example of Nominal
Eye color
Example of Ordinal
Letter Grades
Example of Interval
Celcius
Example of Ratio
Kelvin
Only numbers on BLANK scales can be meaningfully converted to logarithmic form.
ratio
In the audiogram, a negative value represents hearing thresholds that are BLANK than normal, while positive values represents hearing thresholds that are BLANK than normal.
better, worse
Suppose you measure a sound, and you find that its level is 0 dB SPL. What is the best interpretation of this value?
The sound has an amplitude of 20 uPa
A logarithm answers the question, “the base (of the logarithm) raised to what power equals a certain number?” For example, log10(100) = 2 because the base (10) raised to the power of 2 equals 100.
5
Do square wave or Sinusoidal Wave have a higher RMS?
Square
How many dB SPL is a measured sound pressure of 60 uPa? Round to two decimal points.
9.54
How many dB IL is a measured intensity of 10^-2 watts/m^2?
100
Suppose you are given an acoustic analysis of of speech in noise. From the analysis you know that the SNR is 40 dB and the noise level is 20 dB SPL. What is the signal (speech) level in uPa?
20,000
Suppose you have two loudspeakers that produce identical sounds (same frequency, same amplitude, and perfectly in phase). If the total sound pressure of the two sources individually was 60 dB SPL, what was the sound pressure of the total? (in dB SPL)
66.02
Suppose you have two loudspeakers. One loudspeaker is the source of a “signal”, with an amplitude of 30 dB IL. The other loudspeaker is a source of “noise”, with an amplitude of 60 dB IL. What is the SNR in dB?
-30
When dB is followed by IL, SPL, HL, or SL, it means that a specific reference (denominator) was used. Match the corresponding reference with each value:
IL
SPL
HL
SL
db IL- 10^(-12) W/m^2
dB SPL -20 uPa
dB HL -adjusted at each frequency using the average human auditory threshold
dB SL -adjusted at each frequency using an individual’s auditory threshold
How many micropascals (uPa) is a value of 10 dB SPL? Round to two decimal points.
63.24
T/F On a VU meter, 0 dB equals the maximum recording level.
T
If you have a sound with an amplitude of 40 dB SPL, what is the equivalent quantity in uPa?
2,000
If you have a sound with an amplitude of -40 dB SPL, what is the equivalent quantity in micropascals (uPa)?
0.2
A doubling of intensity involves an increase of X dB IL. A doubling of sound pressure involves an increase of X dB SPL.
3,6
How many dB SPL is a measured pressure of 10,000 uPa? Round to two decimals.
53.98
If the signal of interest level is 75dB and the noise level is 45dB, what is the SNR?
30
If a sound’s amplitude is 70dB SPL at 4 meters from the source, what is the sound’s amplitude 16 meters from the source?
57.96
T/F In the frequency domain, filters are often described by visualizing the frequencies that are able to “pass” through them.
T
Suppose that white noise is used as the input to a filter. Upon examining the output, it is found that frequencies between 400-900 Hz remain and the rest have been attenuated. What shape of filter was used?
bandpass filter
A x can be made by passing a signal in series through a low-pass and a high-pass filter.
A nx can be made by passing a signal in parallel through a low-pass and a high-pass filter and then the results of the two are mixed.
bandpass filter, notch filter
Suppose that white noise is used as the input to a filter. Upon examining the output, it is found that frequencies between 200-600 Hz remain and the rest have been attenuated. What shape of filter was used?
bandpass filter
Suppose we have a band pass filter whose -3dB cut-off points are set at 700Hz and 3000Hz. What is the bandwidth of the filter?
2300
T/F An impulse and white noise are similar in the time domain.
F
Suppose you analyze a spoken vowel and find that the difference between each harmonic is 100 Hz. What is the expected period of the glottal waveform in ms?
10
Suppose you record someone producing a vowel. You examine the waveform and determine that the period is approximately 4.5 ms. Based on this information, the speaker’s fundamental frequency is most likely within the average range of which of the following an adult biological female :
an adult biological female
As fundamental frequency X, distance between harmonics increases .
As distance between harmonics decreases, ability to locate the formants accurately is X .
increases, increased
T/F The F1 formant is the frequency of the harmonic with the largest amplitude.
False
Longer vocal tracts have X quarter-wave length resonances, and therefore X formant frequencies. Using this logic, if an average adult biological female speaker producing a particular vowel had an F2 frequency of 1.2 kHz, an average biological male speaker producing the same vowel would be expected to have an F2 frequency X 1.2 kHz.
longer, lower, less than
Two measures of voice quality are jitter and shimmer. Jitter is a measure of X instability across time, while shimmer is a measure of X instability across time.
frequency, amplitude
T/F Fricatives produced with a constriction in the front of the mouth tend to have more energy at higher frequencies than fricatives produced with a constriction in the back of the mouth.
T
T/F The fricative sound [z] contains only aperiodic sound.
F
