Final Flashcards
What is Gender Dysphoria?
Adopted to minimize stigma connected to previous label and emphasize emotional component of condition. Only diagnosed if symptoms of distress are present (depression, disgust w/ oneself etc.).
How to treat people who are part of LGBTQ?
Good support system, listen to their experiences, don’t make assumptions, show them you care/are interested, support them to seek help, join a support group, learn about common LGBTQ issues, learn more about their specific problems.
What is sexual dysfunction?
Disturbance in the process of the sexual response cycle or by the pain associated with sexual intercourse.
What is Paraphilia?
The term is used to identify repetitive or preferred sexual fantasies that are recurrent for over 6 months. Involves non-human objects, suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, and nonconsenting persons.
How long can a regular/chronic drinker go without serious side effects?
The onset of withdrawal symptoms can occur within 4-12 hours after stopping drinking.
What are signs & symptoms of someone going through alcohol withdrawal?
Coarse hand tremors, sweating, elevated pulse/BP, insomnia, anxiety. Severe/untreated withdrawal can progress to transient hallucinations, seizures, delirium (DTs).
What is Disulfiram (Antabuse)?
Prescribed to help deter clients from drinking. Never give to a patient who is currently intoxicated. Need to warn patient about serious side effects: flushing, throbbing headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, severe hypotension, confusion, coma, death.
What are patient teaching points for Disulfiram?
Avoid all products that contain alcohol (cough syrup, lotion, mouthwash, perfume, aftershave, vinegar, vanilla) – READ ALL LABELS. Symptoms can last up to 1-2 weeks after last dose. Someone w/ renal impairment can’t take this medication.
What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?
Disorder that affects the memory/motor system in the brain due to alcohol abuse, dietary deficiencies, prolonged vomiting, or eating disorders. To prevent this, give Vitamin B1 (thiamine).
What are signs & symptoms of opiate abuse?
Apathy, lethargy, listlessness, impaired judgment, psychomotor retardation/agitation, constricted pupils, drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired attention and memory. Severe intoxication can lead to coma, respiratory depression, pupillary constriction, unconsciousness, death.
What is the priority assessment for someone overdosing on opiates?
If PT is having an overdose, administer Narcan (naloxone). Detoxification - Methadone can be used as a replacement for opioids, then the dose is decreased over the next 2 weeks.
What is dependence in substance use?
Dependence is when the body needs something (alcohol/drugs) in order to function in a patient’s everyday life.
What is tolerance in substance use?
Tolerance is when the body needs more of a substance to achieve the same effect.
What is intoxication?
Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior.
What is withdrawal?
Negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when the use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases.
What are signs of drug abuse in nurses?
Incorrect drug counts, controlled med listed as contaminated or wasted, increased reports of pharmacy error, unexplained absences, multiple trips to the bathroom after being in contact with controlled substances.
What is Anorexia?
PT restricts nutritional intake necessary to maintain a minimally normal body weight, terrified of being fat. Will exercise or not eat (fasting) or extreme diet to be the lowest weight possible.
What are signs & symptoms of Anorexia?
Refuse to eat around others, cutting food into tiny pieces, food can’t touch lips, excessive exercise.
What are physical signs of Anorexia?
Muscle atrophy, amenorrhea, lethargic, anxious/worried, constipation, bradycardia, dry skin, hair loss.
What is Bulimia?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise. PT will feel remorseful or guilty after purging.
What are signs & symptoms of Bulimia?
Bad teeth and tooth erosion due to excessive vomiting, initially pleasant and cheerful but extremely shameful and remorseful, metabolic alkalosis.
What are priority assessments for a patient with an eating disorder?
Assess electrolyte balances, refer client to a dietician, establish a nutritional eating pattern, sit with PT while eating, offer liquid protein, observe PT after eating (1-2 hours), weigh PT daily, be alert to signs of hiding or discarding food, avoid talking about calories.
What are significant underlying issues for Anorexia?
Lack of family support, obesity, dissatisfaction with body image, social/societal pressures.
What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?
1 or more physical symptoms that have no organic basis. Individuals spend a lot of time focused on health concerns and often believe symptoms are indicative of severe illness.
What is Conversion Disorder?
Unexplained sudden deficits in sensory/motor function, suggesting a neurological disorder but associated with psychological factors. Significant functional impairment.
What is Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease (disease conviction) or will get a serious disease (disease phobia). PT misinterprets bodily functions/sensations.
What is Malingering?
Intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives like avoiding work or obtaining drugs. Have no physical symptoms.
What is Somatization?
Transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms.
What is primary gain?
Direct internal benefits that being sick provides such as relief of anxiety, conflict, or distress.
What is secondary gain?
External or personal benefits received from others because one is sick such as attention from family and comfort measures.
What are nursing interventions for someone with Conversion Disorder?
Include the patient in usual daily activities, avoid discussing physical symptoms unless necessary, expect PT to participate in activities, focus interactions on PT feelings, teach stress management skills.
What are signs & symptoms of ADHD?
Persistent pattern of inattentiveness, overactivity, impulsiveness, fidgeting, noisy/disruptive, unable to complete tasks, failure to follow directions.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Severe impairment of reciprocal social interaction, communication deviance, restricted stereotypical behavior patterns, presents in 18 months to 3 years.
What are signs & symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Little to no eye contact, limited gestures to communicate, lack spontaneous enjoyment, delayed speech or facial features, upset by minor changes in routine.
What is the best approach to help a child with ADHD complete tasks?
Provide consistent rewards/consequences for behavior, offer consistent praise, using time-out, daily report cards for behavior.
What is limit setting in communication?
Inform the PT of the rule or limit, explain the consequences of exceeding the limit, state expected behavior.
What are patient/family teaching points for a PT with Conduct Disorder?
Teach problem-solving skills, encourage them to seek treatment for their behavior/problems, assist with clear communication.
What are usual lengths of stay in treatment facilities?
Inpatient hospitals: Short stay- Few days, Long stay- Few weeks. Residential treatment centers: Weeks to years.
What are goals for PT in residential treatment settings?
Provide support to PT as they prepare for independence, assist with problem solving, gain independence while participating in daily chores.
What are priority care interventions for PT being admitted to treatment centers?
Primary prevention: Stress management education. Secondary prevention: Early identification of potential mental health problems.
What is the difference between personality disorder and psychosis?
Personality disorder is a pattern of behaviors/thoughts that begins in adolescence and remains stable over time. Psychosis involves sudden outbursts that are short term until treated.
What are the types of personality disorders?
Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal. Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic. Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent.
What is characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking?
Narcissistic personality disorder.
What are the key traits of narcissistic personality disorder?
Grandiosity, lack of empathy, and a need for admiration.
What nursing approach is used for narcissistic personality disorder?
A matter of fact approach to gain cooperation and teach self-care skills.
What are the characteristics of avoidant personality disorder?
Social inhibitions, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
What nursing interventions are used for avoidant personality disorder?
Support and reassurance, cognitive restructuring, and promoting self-esteem.
What defines dependent personality disorder?
Submissiveness, clinginess, and an excessive need to be taken care of.
What nursing interventions are used for dependent personality disorder?
Fostering self-reliance, teaching problem-solving skills, and cognitive restructuring techniques.
What are the traits of obsessive personality disorder?
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.
What nursing interventions are used for obsessive personality disorder?
Encouraging negotiation, assisting in timely decision-making, and cognitive restructuring techniques.
What are indications of progress toward treatment goals?
Mood stabilization, decreased impulsivity, developing social skills, interest in self-care, attending treatments, and applying new skills.
What is the first intervention for antisocial personality disorder?
Encourage the patient to identify the actions that caused their hospitalization.
What should be avoided when dealing with antisocial personality disorder?
Discussing why requirements exist or trying to convince the patient to do the right thing.
What is a key intervention for borderline personality disorder?
Promote client safety through no self-harm contracts and safe expression of feelings.
What techniques help clients with borderline personality disorder cope with emotions?
Identifying feelings, journaling, moderating emotional responses, and decreasing impulsivity.
What cognitive restructuring techniques are used for borderline personality disorder?
Thought stopping, de-catastrophizing, structuring time, teaching social skills, and limit setting.
