Final Flashcards
Which parts of the plants are haploid (n)
The gametophytes and the gametes:
Male gametophyte = pollen grain (angiosperms + gymnosperms)
Female gametophyte = embryo sac (angiosperm) pr archegonia (gymnosperms and ferns)
Gametes
Sperm cells (produced in pollen in angiosperms)
Egg cells (located in the ovule)
In non-vascular plants the main plant body is the gametophyte
What are the diploid (2n) parts of a plant?
The sporophyte and spores
Sporophyte
- contains the entire body of vascular plants (stems, leaves, roots, flowers)
- this phase begins with the zygote?
Spores
- produced by sporangia via meiosis
- spores themselves are diploid while the structures that actually create the spores are haploid
label
what are unisexual flowers
flowers that lack either male or female structures
what are bisexual or perfect flowers
flowers containing both male and female parts
name the male parts of the flower
stamen which is collectively composed of the anther and the filament
name the female parts of the flower
pistil (composed of many carpels (singular))
a carpel contains:
ovary
stigma
style
what part of the flower matures into the fruit?
the ovary
what are ovules
the female gametes (or eggs) in the ovary
when fertilized by pollen, ovules form into seeds
What are the two main types of dry fruit
Two types of dry fruits
Dehiscent - splits upon to release seeds upon maturity (ex: peas beans, poppies)
Indehiscent - does not split upon upon maturity (acorns, grains, nuts)
What are the 3 main types of fruit
Simple fleshy - developing from a single ovary (apples, tomatoes, grapes)
Aggregate fleshy - developing from multiple ovaries in a single flower (strawberries, blackberries)
Multiple fleshy - developing from the ovaries of multiple flowers (pineapples, figs)
what are the two main types of root systems
tap root system - one large dominant root with smaller branches (carrots)
fibrous root system - many smaller, equally sized roots that spread out (grasses)
pair monocots and dicots to the appropriate root system
monocots - fibrous root system
dicots - tap root system
monocots and dicots are two major groups of _____________ (_____________)
flowering plants (angiosperms)
describe features of a monocot flower (angiosperm)
- one cotyledon (seed leaf)
- parallel venation
- fibrous root system
- scattered vascular bundles
- floral parts in mult. of 3
- lack secondary growth (no woody tissue)
describe features of a dicot flower (angiosperm)
- two cotyledons (seed leaves)
- reticulated (net-like) venation
- tap root system
- vascular bundles in a ring
- floral parts in mult. of 4 or 5
- true secondary growth
what are non flowering plants called if flowering plants are called angiosperms
gymnosperms
- produce seeds, but don’t have flowers or fruits
- “naked” seeds (exposed)
- reproduce via spores
- ex: pine trees, ferns
label
compound
label
simple
label parts
what are the 3 main distinctive ways to label tap root and fibrous root without mixing them up
- vascular bundle arrangement
(star shaped - tap root; scattered or ring like - fibrous) - prominent pith
(monocots (fibrous root) - distinct pith; dicots (tap root) - absence of pith) - possibility of secondary growth
(tap roots - true secondary growth; fibrous - no secondary growth)
label and identify slide
fibrous root (monocot)
identify slide
tap root (left)
fibrous root (right)
this slide -> is tap root
name sporophyte parts
diploid (2n)
What is secondary growth responsible for
Responsible for growth in width of the tree, occurring in the vascular cambium (lateral meristem)
What type of growth are tree rings
Secondary growth
name gametophyte parts
haploid (n)
what does the sorus contain (found on the underside of leaves)
a sorus contains clusters of sporangia
sporangium produce spores through meiosis
3 main tissues of plants
dermal, ground, and vascular tissues
what does the xylem transport?
transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
what does the phloem transport
transports sugar (mainly glucose) and other materials produced by photosynthesis from the leaves to the res to the plant
what are the major cell types in xylem
vessel elements and tracheids
what are the major cells in phloem
sieve tube elements and companion cells
