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Gps 1214 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

astronomy

1
Q

What is the Solar System?

A

everything that orbits the sun

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2
Q

What are the inner planets composed of?

A

Rock (they are smaller)

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3
Q

List the inner planets

A

MY VERY EAGER MOTHER
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

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4
Q

What are the outer planets composed of?

A

Gas (giants)
they are the bigger planets

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5
Q

list the outer planets

A

JUST SERVED US NOODLES
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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6
Q

What is the rotation time for mars?

A

24 1/2 hours

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7
Q

What is the rotation time for Jupiter?

A

10 hours

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8
Q

How does Uranus rotate?

A

ON ITS SIDE

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9
Q

1 day on _____ is longer than its year?

A

Venus

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10
Q

How many earth days does it take Venus to rotate?

A

243

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11
Q

How many earth days does it take Venus to orbit?

A

225

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12
Q

What is a comet?

A

Described as a dirty snowball (ice and dust)

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13
Q

What is Solar Wind?

A

It is a flow of ions flowing from the sun

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14
Q

How can solar wind effect a comet?

A

It causes the tail of comet to flow back away from the sun

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15
Q

What is an oort cloud?

A

Chunks of ice. Where the comets live.

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16
Q

What is a meteoroid?

A

Rock fragments in space

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17
Q

What is a meteor?

A

“Shooting Star”
-a rock or grain of sand entering our atmosphere.

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18
Q

What is a meteorite?

A

A rock fragment that strikes the earth

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19
Q

What is mercury?

A

It is the smallest planet closest to the sun
NO ATOMOSPHERE
NO MOONS

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20
Q

What is Venus?

atmosphere?
temp?
size?
rotation direction?
sister planet?
moons?
wind speed?

A

-2nd planet closest to the sun—- brightest planet closest to us.
-earths sister planet
-350 km winds
-NO MOONS
-has a and evening star
-Atmosphere = CARBON DIOXIDE
-HOTTEST AVERAGE TEMP
-Rotates counterclockwise

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21
Q

how do all planets except Venus rotate?

A

CLOCKWISE
Venus rotates counterclockwise

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22
Q

What is Mars known as?
WHY IS THIS?

A

THE RED PLANET
-the iron in the soil causes red color

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23
Q

What is Mars?
surface conditions?
moons?

A

-4th planet from the sun
-2 moons PHOBOS & DEIMOS
-has north and south pole
-has largest volcano
strong winds
polar caps

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24
Q

Who is Percival Lowell?

A

He left money to find the planet Pluto
He drew false maps of mars that included canals and Martians

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25
Q

What is Ceres?

A

Largest asteroid/ Dwarf Planet
about the size of Texas

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25
Q

Where is the asteroid belt?

A

Between Mars and Jupiter

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26
Q

What is Jupiter?
surface conditions?
moons?

A

-5th planet from the sun
-1300 times bigger than earth
-LARGEST PLANET
-atmosphere=mostly -hydrogen and helium
-has a great red spot (like swirling hurricane)
-Has 4 moons

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27
Q

What are the 4 moons of Jupiter? describe them

A
  1. IO- active volcanoes-colorful-
  2. Europa- covered with ice- Hot core
  3. Ganymede- largest moon in solar system
  4. Callisto- most heavily cratered moon in solar system,
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28
Q

who discovered the 4 moons of Jupiter

A

GALILEO

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29
Q

What is the largest moon in the solar system?

A

Ganymede

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30
Q

What is Saturn?
how many moons which is the largest
what is it known for?

A

-6th planet from the sun
-“the ringed planet”
-lots of moons, but the largest is TITIAN

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31
Q

Describe Saturn’s largest moon? name of it? atmosphere?

A

It is called TITAIN
it has an atmosphere
has hydrocarbon lakes

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32
Q

What is Uranus?

A

-7th planet from the sun
-NO ROCK
-consists chiefly of hydrogen and helium

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33
Q

What is Neptune?
how many moons? what is the most known moon?
atomosphere?

A

-8th planet from the sun
-“wizards eye” has a swirling dark spot
-has 14 moons TRITION being the most known

34
Q

What is triton?

A

-A moon of Neptune
-Large moon
-has ice volcanoes that erupt.

35
Q

What is the Kuiper Belt?
what are some of its objects?

A

The Kuiper Belt is a large region out past Neptune’s orbit
It contains rock and ice chunks -Such as Pluto

36
Q

What is Pluto?

A

DWARF PLANET located in the Kuiper Belt
3 MOONS

37
Q

What is the largest moon of Pluto?

A

CHARON

38
Q

What is the largest dwarf planet?

A

ERIS

39
Q

How did Pluto get knocked out of being a planet in 2006?

A

-Eris (largest dwarf planet) was discovered
-It was bigger than Pluto so it was decided that Pluto could not be considered a planet

40
Q

What is MakeMake?

A

A dwarf planet almost the size of Pluto

41
Q

What is Haumea?

A

A dwarf planet

42
Q

Face of the moon?

A

The moon rotates on its axis at the same rate that it orbits the earth
WE ALWAYS SEE THE SAME FACE

43
Q

what is the Crecent moon shape?

A

You will see a banana slice

44
Q

What is the quarter moon shape?

A

you will see half of the face

45
Q

What is the Gibbous moon?

A

nearly full moon—-between quarter and full

46
Q

What is the maria?

A

The dark areas of the moon, ancient lava flows that have broken up by meteoroid bombardment, seas

47
Q

What is the sun?
what does it do?

A

average ordinary star
-produces it on light

48
Q

what is the size of the sun?

A

over 1 million times larger than the earth

49
Q

what is the distance of the sun from the earth?

A

93,000,000

50
Q

what is the temp. at the surface of the sun?

A

6,000

51
Q

how many parts of the sun are there?

A

7

52
Q

What is the photosphere?
temperature?

A

surface of the sun
6000K

53
Q

what is the corona?
temperature?

A

glowing gas cloud only visible during an eclipse, halo 1 million K

54
Q

What is solar wind?

A

it extends out past the planets

55
Q

How hot is the core of the sun?

A

15 million kelvin

56
Q

What is the sun spot cycle length?

A

11 years

57
Q

what is the sun spot temperature?

A

cooler than surroundings
4500K instead of 6000K

58
Q

where does the sun rotate faster?

A

at the equator

59
Q

where does the solar energy reaction come from?

A

conversion of hydrogen to helium

60
Q

What is the temperature inside the sun?

A

14 million Kelvin

61
Q

what is a light year?

A

-distance light travels in a year.

62
Q

what is the speed of light?

A

186,000

63
Q

What is Proxima Centauri?

A

CLOSEST STAR TO EARTH
4 light years away from earth

64
Q

what is the Red giant?

A

Large stars with cooler surfaces MASSIVE

65
Q

What is main sequence?

A

middle ages star OUR SUN

66
Q

what is a white dwarf?

A

about the size of earth — hotter

67
Q

what is the next phase of the sun?

A

red giant

68
Q

Can a heavy star become a supernova?

A

YES

69
Q

what is a supernova?

A

exploded star

70
Q

what is a neutron star?

A

remnant after a supernova explosion, small in size

71
Q

what is a pulsar?

A

spinning neutron star

72
Q

What is a BLACK HOLE?

A

burned out star after a supernova explosion-
gravity so strong
light cannot escape it

73
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

island groups of stars (200 billion galaxies

74
Q

What is Milky Way?

A

galaxy which our sun belongs to

75
Q

What is the center in a galaxy

A

massive black hole

76
Q

Numbers of arms in the milky way?

A

4 main arms that spiral out

77
Q

distance across the milky way?

A

130,000 light years across, shaped like a fried egg

78
Q

Number of stars in the milky way?

A

200 billion

79
Q

when does a galaxy rotate?

A

galaxy rotates every 240 million years

80
Q

what is a nebula

A

gas and dust cloud

81
Q

local group

A

3 dozen in our neighborhood

82
Q

What is Andromeda?

A

largest galaxy in our local group

Gps 1214 (2 decks)

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