Final

Question 1

Local or general accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissue spaces

Answer 1

Edema

Question 2

Not a disease, but results from histamine release

Answer 2

Edema

Question 3

4 main causes of edema

Answer 3

1. Increased permeability of capillaries
2. Obstruction of lymphatic flow
3. Increased capillary pressure
4. Decrease of plasma proteins

Question 4

Chronic edema caused by obstruction or a pathology

Answer 4

Lymphedema

Question 5

5 types of edema

Answer 5

1. Dependent: in lower or dependent body parts
2. Pitting edema: leaves indentation when pressure applied
3. Non-pitted: No indentation left when pressure applied
4. Primary lymphedema: mostly genetic
5. Secondary lymphedema: Injury or obstruction

Question 6

Edema S&S

Answer 6

1. Acute Edema - Rubor (redness), Calor (heat), Tumor (swelling), Dolor (Pain), Functio laesa (Loss of function) - SHARP
2. Edema from trauma may go distal and appear taut/firm
3. Pitted edema (from chronic pathology) appears boggy
4. <ROM, limb feels stiff and heavy
5. P or fullness may be present
6. Increase in lymphatic return prevents excess scar tissue formation

Question 7

Edema CI’s

Answer 7

1. Local or distal massage with edema from thrombophlebitis or DVT
2. Hydro if infection present
3. No full body drainage or elevation above the heart with CHF
4. Lymph drainage with neoplasm
5. On site drainage for chronic infections
6. Drainage for parasitic infections
7. Lymph drainage on low-protein edema (kidney/liver disease, malnutrition)

Question 8

Edema CI’s due to orthopedic trauma

Answer 8

1. Heat distal, immediately proximal, on-site in acute/early sub-acute
2. Circulatory Tx distal to edema
3. Deep massage on site of edema

Question 9

Edema Tx Goals

Answer 9

1. Reduce edema where safe - elevate, MLD, nodal pumping
2. <P by <SNS firing
3. Prevent fibrosis
4. Maintain tissue health
5. Maintain ROM - PROM proximal and distal to onset of pain only

Question 10

Late subacture Edema Tx goals

Answer 10

Local drainage and unidirectional effleurage local and distal ok

Question 11

Chronic Edema Treatment goals

Answer 11

Assess for restrictions, fascial work, skin rolling, tx proximal for hypertonicity

Question 12

Edema Homecare

Answer 12

1. Hydro for appropriate stage
2. Elevation, nodal pumping
3. Diaphragmatic breathing
4. Pain-free ROM and pain free isometric exercises