Final Flashcards
What is the study of chemistry?
The study of the composition, properties, and transformation of matter.
What are the two main classifications of matter?
Pure substances and mixtures.
What is a pure substance?
A substance with a constant composition and its own chemical and physical properties.
What are the two types of pure substances?
- Elements
- Compounds
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances.
What is a compound?
A pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded in fixed proportion.
What does the Law of Definite Proportions state?
A compound always contains the same proportion of its component elements.
What are intensive properties?
Properties that do not depend on the amount of sample.
What are extensive properties?
Properties that do depend on sample size.
What are physical properties?
Properties that can be measured without changing the substance into another substance.
What are chemical properties?
Properties that can be observed only by reacting the substance with something else to form another substance.
Which properties of gold are chemical properties?
- Gold can be made soluble by reacting it with aqua regia
- Gold can be recovered from gold ore using cyanide
Which properties of gold are physical properties?
- Gold melts at 1064°C
- Gold can be hammered into sheets
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture that is uniformly distributed.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture that is not uniform and has distinct regions.
Classify fruit salad as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture.
Heterogeneous mixture.
Classify filtered air in a scuba tank.
Homogeneous mixture.
Classify helium gas inside a party balloon.
Element.
Classify dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
Compound.
What is the definition of energy?
The capacity to do work.
What is potential energy?
The energy stored in an object because of its position and composition.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion.
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another.
Fill in the blank: A solid has a definite _______ and _______.
[shape], [volume]
