Final Flashcards
When choosing and IV site should you choose the most distal or proximal site
Most distal
Do alkaline or acid burns cause more damage
Alkaline. Interferes with protein in skin
What is a superficial thickness burn
Burn that just damages the epidermis
What is a partial or immediate thickness burn
Burn that damage the epidermis and top of the dermis
What is a full thickness burn
Damages the epidermis and dermis and possible subcutaneous tissue
What is used to measure the amount of surface area burned on the body
Rule of nines
What are the 3 zones of injury
Coagulation
Stasis
Hyperemia
What is the zone of coagulation
Inner most part of the burn
What is the zone of stasis
Just outside the inner part of the burn where the tissues is still inflamed and injured
What is the zone of hyperemia
Outer most part of the burn. Little to no cell damage
What can happen if more than 20% of the body is covered in burns
Systemic reaction due to hypoperfusion
The most critical time to treat an acute burn is the first how many hours
72
What is compartment syndrome
Pressure builds up from fluid leaking into extracellular space
What are the 5 P’s for assessing arterial lines
Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis
What are arterial lines used for
To monitor blood pressure and mean arterial pressure constantly
What is neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injury above T6 causes sympathetic NS to be unable to cause vasoconstriction, parasympathetic NS continues to keep vessels dilated, BP drops
What is cardiogenic shock
Heart fails to pump oxygen to the tissues. Blood pools in lungs
What is the glucose range for non sick patients
5-10
What is the glucose range for sick patients
6-10
What electrolyte likes to follow glucose out of the cell
Potassium
In DKA what is the most important to treat
The underlying cause
Why is does dehydration and electrolyte shifts occur in DKA
Kidney tried to get rid of excess glucose by making the patient pee more
What causes metabolic acidosis
When the glucose is not entering the cells, the body breaks down fat into ketones which are acidic
In someone with DKA will the BP be high or low
Low. Dehydration, not enough blood volume
In someone with DKA will the HR be high or low
High. Less blood volume means the heart pumps faster to get more oxygen around
What is the amount someone should pee an hour
Half their weight(kg)
Ex. 40kg = 20ml/hr
What is the highest rate you can run an IV bolus
999ml/hr
What should dobutamine do
Increase HR and BP
What is the bpm for the SA node
60-100
What is the bpm for the AV node
40-60
What is the bpm for the bundle of his
20-40
What is the electrical pathway through the heart
SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
Perkinje fibers
What does troponin tell us
If an MI is occurring
What does creatinine kinase tell us
If there is damage to the heart
What is atrial flutter
Abnormal heart rhythm in the atria
What is atrial fibrillation
Upper chambers of heart beating irregularly
What is ventricular tachycardia
Lower chambers of heart beating too fast
What is ventricular fibrillation
Lower chambers of the heart have irregular beat
Does Vtach or Vfib cause no pulse
Vfib
Which abnormal heart rhythms are detected and shockable by an AED
Vtach and Vfib
Mechanical ventilation is which type of pressure
Positive pressure
What are the 4 types of artificial airways
OPA
NPA
Endotrach
Trach
What is the difference between BiPap and CPap
BiPap supports breath in and out
CPap supports breath in
What is FiO2
Amount of oxygen being given
What is used to determine the tidal volume needed in artificial airway support
Ideal body weight: height and gender
What setting on a ventilator keeps the alveoli open
PEEP
What is barotrauma
Damage to body due to air going where it shouldn’t
What is volutrauma
Damage to alveoli
What is Atelectrauma
Damage to alveoli because they are not being kept open
Why do patients get hypotension when on ventilator
Positive pressure cause difference in pressure on heart
What is meningitis
Infection that crosses the blood brain barrier and infects the meninges
What is the most severe type of meningitis
Bacterial
Why are purpuric lesions concerning in someone with meningitis
This is rupture of small vessels showing too much pressure in brain
What is Kernig’s sign
Inability to straighten leg once knee has been brought to chest
What is Brudzinski’s sign
Pain when laying down and trying to lift head up
What is used to diagnose meningitis
Lumbar puncture
What causes the CSF to be cloudy in meningitis
Indicative of bacterial meningitis due to presence of glucose
What is used to treat bacterial meningitis
Antibiotics
What happens to those exposed to bacterial meningitis
Great with antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis
What can occur as a side effect to meningitis that is serious
Seizures
What is the highest risk for meningitis
Crowded living spaces such as dorms
What is the drug of choice to reduce cerebral edema
Mannitol
What are the 6 stages of the clinical judgement model
Recognize cues
Analyze cues
Prioritize hypotheses
Generate solutions
Take action
Evaluate outcomes
Recognizing cues corresponds to which nursing process stage
Assessment
Analyzing cues matches which stage of the nursing process
Diagnosis
Generate hypotheses matches which stage of the nursing process
Planning
Take action matches which stage of the nursing process
Implementation
What are the 3 Gives in septic shock
Fluid
Antibiotics
Oxygen
What are the 3 Takes in septic shock
Culture
Urine
ABG
What is the order for performing venipuncture
Patient
Catheter
Tourniquet
Vein
Remove tourniquet
Clean
Apply tourniquet
Poke
What is the order for trauma assessments
Triage
Primary survey
Transfer needed
Secondary survey
Evaluation
