Final

Question 0

Aeschylus

Answer 0

C. 400s BCE
Associated with Athens, Greece
Contributions: competed in the playwrighting contests during the festivals in Athens. Wrote a trilogy of plays (ex. Oresteia). His plays made good use of the set up of the Greek theatre (ex. Agamemnon). Was the first to use two actors.

Question 1

Adam de la Halle

Answer 1

C. 1240, 1250 - 1288. Middle Ages.
Associated with France, and wrote plays for their soldiers.
Contribution: first known French playwright who didn’t write religious plays, such as Robin and Marion.

Question 2

Aphra Behn

Answer 2

17th century
England
Contributions: First professional female playwright. Wrote about 15 plays including The Rover, which comments on Behn’s passion for feminism and her opinion on the role of women. Opened the door for female playwrights that came after her.

Question 3

Bharata

Answer 3

C. 11th century
Associated with India
Contribution: instructed by Brahma to write 5th Veda, the Natyasastra, a treatise for Sanskrit theatre. Explained in detail the specific instructions of how to perform Sanskrit theatre.

Question 4

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 4

1583-1642 late 16th/early 17th century
France
Contributions: Used the Academie Francaise to evaluate a critical controversy surrounding Pierre Corneille’s play The Cid. He made the Academie a purification of French language and literature. It helped advance French culture.

Question 5

Euripides

Answer 5

C. 484-406 BCE
Associated with Greece
Contributions: he was one of the few tragic playwrights that gave us a true Greek drama, such as Medea. He was also famous for centering his plays around women.

Question 6

Horace

Answer 6

65-8 BC
Associated with both Rome and Athens
Contributions: wrote The Art of Poetry, which is essentially a treatise in poetic form. It explained his opinions about theatre and poetry and what is considered good.

Question 7

Inigo Jones

Answer 7

1573- 1652 late16th century/mid 17th century
England
Contributions: The first significant British architect of the early modern period, and the first to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings.

Question 8

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin

Answer 8

17th century
France
Contributions: Known as Moliere, and his theatre company was the “Troupe du roi”. A political playwright who wrote the comedy Tartuffe in order to correct men’s vices. He used exaggeration because it is better to life at your vices than at yourself. He is also revealing to the king that he’s being deceived as well by hypocrisy. He uses the ultimate deus ex machina.

Question 9

John Dryden

Answer 9

1631-1700
England
Contributions: Famous playwright during the English Restoration. Wrote an adaptation of Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida, in Preface he argues for neoclassical principles of unity and decorum.

Question 10

Juana Ines de la Cruz

Answer 10

17th century
New Spain (Present day Mexico)
Contributions: A nun who wrote many genres including secular plays and auto sacramentales.  She wrote the Loa to her play The Divine Narcissus.  Used theatre as a means of converting people to Christianity.  Her loa was a form of deep skin and showed that deep skin deals with more than just skin color but is now extending to religion as a means of discrimination

Question 11

Kan’ami

Answer 11

14th century
Japan
Contributions: leader of one of the four main sarugaku-no troupes. Gave the Noh theatre it’s current form, emphasized the rhythmic nature of the musical accompaniment, developed a greater use of mime in acting, and correlated dance and musical elements more closely with a dramatic plot.

Question 12

Lope de Vega

Answer 12

1562-1635 - late 16th/early 17th century
Spain
Contributions: Playwright who lived during the Spanish a Golden Age. Wrote treatise “The New Art of Writing Plays” Believed custom is more powerful than farce, people should write for their own audiences not someone else’s. He chose not to follow the neoclassicism rules of England and France. Popularized the love vs honor theme.

Question 13

Pedro Calderon de la Barca

Answer 13

17th century
Spain
Contributions: Playwright during the Spanish Golden Age. He became a priest who wrote almost all secular plays, but also autos sacramentales. Wrote “Life is a Dream” which is a love vs honor play. He used this play to interrogate human nature.

Question 14

Philip Sidney

Answer 14

16th century
England
Contributions: Wrote the treatise Defense of Poetry (c. 1583-85). His concept was to instruct and to please like Horace. Believed that poetry lifted up nature and made it better, a separation of genres so the audience can understand lesson, and a desire for a national model of tragedy for England. Came up with the concept of poetic justice which punishes the villains and rewards the innocent.

Question 15

Pierre Corneille

Answer 15

17th century
Normandy
Contributions: Successful playwright in France. Wrote Le Cid, which is what the Academia Francais is based on. Wrote Of the Three Unities of Action, Time, and Place. He addresses the writing of plays and how playwrights should be flexible with the rules.

Question 16

Plautus

Answer 16

254-184 BCE
Associated with Rome
Contributions: he began adapting Greek comedies for the Roman theatre, he set the standard for future playwrights. Started the idea of having one on going joke or theme in a show whose stakes keep getting raised (the brothers menachaemus). This will play out in the future.

Question 17

Sebastian Serlio

Answer 17

1475- 1554
Italian
Contributions: Wrote Architettura (1545) which was the first Renaissance work on architecture to devote a section to the theatre and it includes illustrations of the tragic, comic, and satiric scenes described by Virtuvius.

Question 18

Seneca

Answer 18

Contributions: only tragic playwright. Wrote violent, bloody tragedies.

Question 19

Sophocles

Answer 19

C. 496-406 BCE
Associated with Athens, Greece
Contributions: introducing the 3rd actor into performance, also enlarged the chorus from 12 to 15 people.

Question 20

Terence

Answer 20

Contributions: wrote 6 plays and we have all of them, including “The Eunuch”

Question 21

Thomas Killigrew

Answer 21

17th century
England
Contributions: Ran one of the patent theatres. Created the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane.

Question 22

William Davenant

Answer 22

17th century
England
Contributions: Ran one of the patent theatres. Converted Lisle’s Tennis Court to the Lincoln’s Inn Fields, then replaced it with the Dorset Garden Theater.

Question 23

Zeami

Answer 23

1363-1444
Japan
Contributions: Kan’ami’s son, he took over his father’s company when he died. He explored and formalized Kan’ami’s innovations, wrote and revised over 100 Noh plays. Infused the notion of yugen into Noh, which led to a greater emphasis on buka (dance and chant) than on monomane.

Question 24

“De Big Times”

Answer 24

An article written by Genovese, that discusses slavery in America and examines the culture of the slaves when they would put on performances during their time off. An example of deep skin.

Question 25

Academie Francaise

Answer 25

Set up in France by Louis XIII. Meant to create a national literature. National kind of artistic practice to prove France can become a world power.

Question 26

Act of Supremacy

Answer 26

Put the reigning monarch of England in charge of the church. The queen was able to make calls about what people saw in terms of plays.

Question 27

Aragoto/Wagoto

Answer 27

Types of roles in kabuki theatre. One is described and rough and the other described as soft.

Question 28

Ars Poetica

Answer 28

The Art of Poetry, written by Horace c. 65 BC. Written in poetic form and discusses Horace’s views on drama and poetry. Tells of past tradition.

Question 29

Auto sacramentales

Answer 29

Elaborate Spanish religious dramas originally devised as part of the feast of Corpus Christi

Question 30

Bhava

Answer 30

Part of Sanskrit theatre, written in the “Natyasastra.” 8 emotions characters produce to evoke a Rasa.

Question 31

Bunraku

Answer 31

Current puppet theatre of Japan, modern form of doll theatre.

Question 32

Edo

Answer 32

Militaristic center of Japan, in Tokyo

Question 33

Hanamichi

Answer 33

Part of kabuki theatrical space. It’s the acting space walkway.

Question 34

Harlequin

Answer 34

Specific type of Zanni character in commedia dell’arte. A cunning character who is usually an acrobat, wearing a patched costume, a black cap, and carrying a slapstick.

Question 35

Jidaimono/Sewamono

Answer 35

History play

Domestic play

All in kabuki theatre

Question 36

Kata

Answer 36

The physical or vocal patterns in Japanese theatre, how you learn a role.

Question 37

Liberties

Answer 37

Areas outside of London’s walls where the theaters were set up across the Thames. This is where the public playhouses were.

Question 38

Lines of Business

Answer 38

Specific characters for actors in Restoration England. It’s a casting model.

Question 39

Neoclassicism

Answer 39

Rebirth of classicism, a movement throughout Europe in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries to revive the forms and values of art exemplified by ancient literature; associated with the recovery of Aristotle’s The Poetics and its translation into prescriptions for the stage.

Question 40

Onnagata

Answer 40

The female role players in kabuki theatre

Question 41

Pastourelle

Answer 41

Classical and bergerie/chanson

Classical - knight wants shepherdess, she refuses with wit
Bergerie/chanson - poet goes out to country side and observes ways of peasants (songs, dances, and games). Very classist but not mean spirited.

Question 42

Patent Theatres

Answer 42

Also called the theatres royal. Charles II opened these under royal authority.

Question 43

Shogun

Answer 43

Hereditary military leader of Japan that was given all civil and secular power by the emperor. Supported Japanese art and culture, influential to the hierarchy in Japanese theatre.

Question 44

Skene

Answer 44

Part of Greek theatre. Behind the orchestra, a low building that faced the audience. Used for changing masks and costumes. Doors of scene were used during shows. Ex: audience saw blind Oedipus return to confront chorus and his future in exile.

Question 45

Spanish Golden Age

Answer 45

1580 and 1680 Embodies a number of elements that were kept separate from the theatrical traditions of the English Renaissance. This period includes the formations of Spain’s corrals and playwrights such as Pedro Calderon de la Barca.

Question 46

Restoration England

Answer 46

1660-1700 Charles II is restored to the thrown and theaters are reopened.

Question 47

The Poetics

Answer 47

Written by Aristotle c. 355 BCE. Aristotle analyzes the field of poetry into different genres (epic, tragedy, comedy) and attempts to discover the basic features of each.

Question 48

The Unities

Answer 48

Time, space, and action.

Question 49

Tokugawa

Answer 49

1603-1868 Japan is isolated from west, both puppet and kabuki theatre develop

Question 50

Zanni

Answer 50

A comic role in commedia dell’arte. Usually a sly servant.