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Optics > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What’s another word for purkinje image?

A

catoptric

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2
Q

Which purkinje image is the only one where you see against motion?

A

IV

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3
Q

Purkinje images I - IV are ___ order and are formed by reflection at ____ surface. Purkinje images V - VI are ____ order and are formed by reflection at ___ surfaces.

A

Purkinje images I - IV are first order and are formed by reflection at one surface. Purkinje images V - VI are second order and are formed by reflection at two surfaces.

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4
Q

Which purkinje image is found in the vitreous?

A

III

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5
Q

Relative sizes of purkinje images in unaccommodated eye?

A

III > I > II > IV

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6
Q

Relative sizes of purkinje images in accommodated eye?

A

I > II > III > IV

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7
Q

How many refracting surfaces are there in the Gullstrand exact eye model? Simplified Schematic? Reduced eye?

A

6
3
1

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8
Q

In the cornea, the anterior surface has a ____ radius of curvature compared to the posterior surface

A

smaller

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9
Q

When are the nodal points coincident with H and H prime?

A

when n1 = n3

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10
Q

How do you measure axial length?

A

ultrasound

IOL master

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11
Q

How do you measure the anterior chamber depth?

A

Usually ultrasound

slit lamp

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12
Q

How do you measure corneal thickness?

A

ultrasound

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13
Q

How do you measure lens thickness?

A

ultrasound

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14
Q

What is Pachymetry?

A

Measuring corneal thickness

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15
Q

What is Phakometry?

A

Measure lens curvature

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16
Q

What is the angle between the optic and visual axes, formed at nodal point?

A

Angle Alpha

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17
Q

What is the angle between pupillary axis and line of sight, formed at entrance pupil?

A

Angle Lambda

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18
Q

What is the angle between pupillary axis and visual axis, although entrance pupil and nodal point need not fall on the same line?

A

Angle Kappa

19
Q

What is the angle between optic and fixation axes, formed at center of rotation of globe?

A

Angle Gamma

20
Q

The optical axis connects the ____ of _____ of various optical elements of the eye; this line should go through the ____ points and is _____ to all the refracting surfaces

A

The optical axis connects the centers of curvature of various optical elements of the eye; this line should go through the nodal points and is perpendicular to all the refracting surfaces

21
Q

The visual axis is a line connecting the _____ point, nodal points, and the _____

A

The visual axis is a line connecting the fixation point, nodal points, and the fovea

22
Q

The pupillary axis is a line normal to the cornea that passes through the center of the ___ ___

A

entrance pupil

23
Q

The line of sight is a line connecting the ______ point and the entrance pupil

A

fixation point

24
Q

The fixation axis is a line connecting the fixation point to the ____ of ____ of the globe

A

center of rotation

25
Q

What are the different types of ultrasound imaging?

A

A scan - amplitude modification
B scan - time-brightness method
M scan - movement mode

26
Q

When the eye s too long for its refractive power, the result is _____

A

myopia

27
Q

When the eye is too short for its refractive power, the result is _____

A

hyperopia

28
Q

An increase in curvature of what surfaces results in greater positive refractive power and a shift towards myopia?

A

Anterior cornea
Anterior lens
Posterior lens

29
Q

And increase in curvature of the ______ _____ results in less refractive power of the cornea, resulting in a shift towards hyperopia

A

Posterior cornea

30
Q

What does shifting the lens forward toward the cornea do?

A

Increase refractive power of the eye

31
Q

What does shifting the crystalline lens backward away from the cornea do?

A

Decreases refractive power of the eye

32
Q

And increase in refractive index causes what optical elements to increase in refractive power and result in a shift towards myopia?

A

Aqueous humor

crystalline lens nucleus

33
Q

An increase in refractive index causes what optical elements to decrease in refractive power and results in a shift towards hyperopia?

A

Cornea
Crystalline lens cortex
Vitreous humor

34
Q

What is the difference between spectacle magnification and relative spectacle magnification?

A

SM - Retinal image size of the corrected vs uncorrected ametropic eye
RSM - Retinal image size of the corrected ametropic eye vs the emmetropic eye

35
Q

What is Knapp’s Rule?

A

Correct axial anisometropia with spectacle

Correct refractive anisometropia with contacts

36
Q

When does RSM = SM?

A

Refractive ametropia

37
Q

What is the difference between a Galilean telescope and an Astronomical telescope?

A

Galilean - Positive objective and negative eyepiece

Astronomical - Positive objective and positive eyepiece

38
Q

The entrance port is the image of the field stop formed by the lenses _____ it.

A

in front of it.

If there are none, then field stop = entrance port

39
Q

The exit port is the image of the field stop formed by the lenses ____ it.

A

behind it.

If there are none, field stop = exit port

40
Q

The angle subtended by the entrance port at the enter of the entrance pupil is the ____ field of view

A

object field of view

41
Q

The angle subtended by the exit port at the center of the exit pupil is the ____ field of view

A

Image field of view

Also “apparent” field of view

42
Q

If unqualified, field of view means ____ field of view

A

object field of view

43
Q

A ______ ___ is a ray that leave an off-axis object point and heads toward the edge of the entrance pupil

A

marginal ray

44
Q

What happens when a chief ray from an off-axis point gets through the system but the marginal rays do not?

A

vignetting

Optics (2 decks)

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