Final Flashcards
Mass communication
media centered
Interpersonal communication
talk between two or more people
group communication
groups talking about a topic
public communication
1 person talking to a group
public speaking process
speaker message audience channel noise feedback context
speaker
person giving a message
message
way of getting info across
audience
people receiving info
channel
way the message in conveyed
noise
interference with message
feedback
what audience gives to the speaker
context
environment
trait anxiety
any kind of communication scares you
situation anxiety
work class college-depends on the situation
systematic desensitization
technique to reduce anxiety
practice visualization
construct a mental image of yourself giving a speech
practice affirmation
telling yourself you can do it
cognitive reconstructing
replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts
hearing
vibration of sound waves
listening
giving thoughtful attention to another persons words
general purpose
speech's broad goal: to inform to invite to persuade to introduce to commemorate to accept
specific purpose
focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with a speech
master status
significant positions a person occupies within a society that affect that persons identity
standpoint
a persons views and evaluates society
attitude
positive or negative feeling a person has
belief
idea of what is real or not real
ethnocentrism
belief that own culture is superior to others
types of information
examples
narratives
testimony
statistics
patchwork
speech that you present as your own from portions of sources
global
stealing an entire speech from a single source and presenting it as your own
incremental
presenting select portions from a single speech as your own
ethos
speakers credibility
pathos
emotional appeal made by the speaker
logos
logical arrangement of evidence in a speech
inductive reasoning
a process of reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to make a claim about a general conclusion
hasty generalization
errors in reasoning in which a speaker reaches a conclusion without enough evidence to support it
deductive reasoning
uses a familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim
causal reasoning
reasoning that supports a claim by establishing a cause and effect relationship
analogical reasoning
reasoning by way of comparison and similarity that implies that b/c 2 things resemble each other they also share similarities in other respects
reasoning by sign
reasoning that assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that happened
map of reasoning
claim
grounds
warrant
backing
claim
what do you think or want to happen
grounds
why do you think this or want to propose it
warrant
how do you know that grounds will support the claim
backing
how do you know the warrants supports the grounds
chorological pattern
traces a sequence of event or ideas
spatial pattern
arranges ideas in terms of location or direction
causal pattern
describes a cause and effect relationship between ideas or events
problem-solution pattern
identifies a specific pattern and offers possible solutions
topical pattern
allows the speaker to divide a topic into subtopics each of which addresses a different aspect of the larger topic
transitions
indicates a speaker is finished with one idea and is moving on to a new one
internal previews
statement in the body of a speech that details what the speaker plans to discuss next
internal summaries
statement in the body of a speech that summarized a point that has already been discussed
sign points
simple word or statement that indicates where you are in your speech or highlights an important idea
silmilie
makes an explicit comparison of 2 things using the words like or as
metaphor
makes a comparison btw 2 things by describing one thing as being something else
mixed metaphor
makes illogical comparisons btw 2 or more things
personification
attributes human characteristics to animals, objects or concepts
parallelism
arrangement of related words so they are balanced or of related sentences so they have identical structures
repetition
repeating keywords or phrases at the beginning or endings of sentences or clauses to create rhythm
alliteration
repetition of initial sounds of 2 or more words in a sentence or phrase
antithesis
placement of words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another
extemporaneous
carefully prepared and practiced form brief notes rather than from memory or manuscript
impromptu
speech not planned or practiced
manuscript
speech that is read to an audience from a written text
memorized
speech that has been written out, committed to memory, or given word for word
Condition of equality
requires the speaker to acknowledge that all audience members hold equality
condition of value
requires speaker to recognize the inherent values of the audience views
condition of self determination
requires speaker to recognize that people know what it best for them to have the right to make choices about their lives based in this knowledge
types of invitational speeches
to explore an issue
articulate a position
ad hominem
against the person
bandwagon
everyone else agrees
either or
a false dilemma
false cause
mistaking a chronological relationship
hasty generalization
too few examples
red herring
raising an irrelevant issue
slippery slope
the second step is inevitable
