Final Flashcards
“A league of friendship and perpetual union” describes what?
The Articles of Confederation
“Bleeding Kansas” refers to the fact that …
A virtual territorial civil war was taking place
“Street-carsuburbs” was the nickname given to the areas that who settled in after they left the city?
The middle class moved to when they left the city
A network of abolitionists that helped thousands of enslaved people flees north.
Underground Railroad
After capturing Atlanta, William Tecumseh Sherman set fires to destroy railroads,warehouses, mills, and factories, but what happened?
The fires spread destroying more than one-third of Atlanta
After Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, the Cherokee in Georgia respondedby doing what?
Appealing to the Supreme Court
Andrew Carnegie brought this process to the US and used it in his steel mills.
Bessemer process
Because cities were crowded, especially in parts of the city where lower income familiesmade their homes, crowding lead to the development of what kind of living?
Tenement living
Big business and competition led to many small companies going…
Going out of business
By the1890s, immigrants made up a significant percentage of some of the countries largest what?
Cities
California was a frontier province of country?
Mexico
Colonia lresistance and increasing violence forced Britain to repeal the many of theduties, except for the tax on
Tea
Combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one corporation is called (What Rockefeller and Standard Oil did)?
Horizontal integration
Congressout lawed the slave trade in what year?
1808
Declarationof Independence was posted on what date? (full date please!)
July 4, 1776
Defying theorders of the government agent at the reservation, the Lakota Sioux continuedto perform a ritual called the
Ghost Dance
Demand forslave labor rises as cotton plantations do what to the Southern economy?
Cotton plantations boost the Southern economy
Scott v. Sandford was a court case that stated Scott was not what, so he couldn’twhat?
Not a citizen and therefore could not sue in the courts
During hisinaugural address on March 4, 1861, Lincoln promised not to do what?
Promised not to interfere with slavery where it existed
During the Homestead Strike at Andrew Carnegie’s steel mill, Henry Clay Frick brought inwhich agency to protect the replacement workers he had hired.
Pinkerton Detective Agency
Early prospectors would extract shallow deposits of ore by using this kind of mining.
Placer mining
safety and reliability reasons, the American Railway Association divided the country into these in 1883.
The four time zones
Harriet Beecher Stowe writes _____, widely thought of as a catalyst for the Civil War.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Having live-n servants, freed the time of middle class housewives to do what?
Join “Women’s clubs”
How did emancipation affect the South’s agricultural system?
Threw it into chaos
How did Lincoln block the Wade-Davis bill?
Pocket veto
How did Lincoln want the North and the South to be reunited?
Without punishing the South for treason
How did railroad managers end the Pullman Strike and get the ARU back to work?
Railroad managers attached U.S. mail cars to the Pullman cars
How did share croppers pay the rent on their farms?
paid with a share of their crops
How do Southerners see the election of Lincoln?
As a threat to their way of life
How many Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears?
About 2,000
If California entered the Union as a free state, the slaveholding states wouldbecome a minority in what part of the federal government?
Senate
In 1819 Missouri’s application for statehood brought up the question about theexpansion of what
Should slavery expand westward
In 1849, over 80,000 “Forty- Niners” had arrived in California where they were seeking what?
Gold
In 1856, Kansas had two of these. What did each stand for?
Two governments, one antislavery government, one pro-slavery government
In 1860, approximately what percentage of the nation’s factories were located inNorthern states?
90
In 1862 thegovernment encouraged settlement on the Great Plains by passing
The Homestead Act
In 1883,the Supreme Court set the stage for legalized segregation by overturning the
Civil Rights Act of 1875
In Lincoln’s last speech he talked about his plan to restore the Southern statesto the Union and include who in Southern state governments?
African Americans
In the Homestead Act the registration fee for 160 acres was
$10
In the late1890s, the most common form of mass transit in cities was the
Horse car
Industrial workers with special skills and training were known as
Craft workers
Lincoln interpreted his reelection as a mandate to
End slavery permanently by amending the Constitution
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus for anyone who openly did what?
Supported the rebels or encouraged others to resist the draft
What is Manifest Destiny? Did a Majority of Americans believe in it?
Idea that the nation was meant to spread to the Pacific Ocean Majority of Americans believed in it idea of divine sanction for the territorial expansion of the United States
Many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that most immigrants
Many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that most immigrants
Mexico had encouraged Americans to settle the Mexican region of
Texas
Mississippi took the first step to prohibit African Americans from voting when it required that all citizens registering to vote pay a
Poll tax
Missouri requested admission as a
Slave state
Nativism in the late 1800s was focused on eastern Europeans, Jews, and
Asians
On January 31, 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution was passed banning what?
Slavery
On May 10,1869, five gold and silver spikes were hammered into the rails at Promontory Summit, Utah signifying the joining of what?
Transcontinental Railroad
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in the states still in what?
Rebellion after January 1, 1863
Popularculture changed in the late 1800s because industrialization improved thestandard of living for many people, enabling them to spend more money on
Entertainment
Some states did not grant Native Americans the right to vote until after
World War II
Southerners viewed secession as similar to what?
American Revolution
Southerners,particularly Democratic Party supporters, referred to Northern newcomers as
Carpetbaggers
Standard Oil and Rockefeller controlled about what percent of the oil refineries built in the US by 1880? (oh so close to a monopoly)
90%
That the right to vote “shall not be denied…on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” is in which Constitutional Amendment?
15th
The “Rangewars” broke out between
Sheepherders, farmers and ranchers
The CentralPacific Railroad hired 10,000 workers from
China
The Cherokee appealed the Indian Removal Act to the Supreme Court and won or lost
won
The Chisholm Trail was a trail that cowboys used to
Drive cattle to a railroad line
Thecompromise that stated the slave population (other persons) could be counted aspopulation of the nation
Three-fifths Compromise
The Dawes Act attempted to help Native Americans by
Giving them land for farming
The delegates from the seceding states declared themselves to be a new nationcalled
The Confederate States of America
The dissolution of the Union began with which state?
South Carolina
TheEmancipation Proclamation transformed the conflict over preserving the Union into a war of
Liberation
The Federalist Papers remain today as the reference for anyone who wants to understand the U.S.
Constitution
The Fifteenth Amendment says the States cannot deny the right to vote based onrace, so one way Southern states got around this was to apply a
Literacy test
The Gospel of Wealth was a philosophy that wealthy Americans were responsible for usingtheir fortunes to engage in
Philanthropy
The Great Plains extends westward to the
Rocky Mountains
The Homestead Act gave land to homesteaders if they _____ for five years.
Planted crops on it
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of May 1854 used this idea to solve the slavery question.
Used the idea of popular sovereignty to decide the slave question
The laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans in the South after theCivil War
Black codes
The most famous “conductor” of the Underground Railroad was
Harriet Tubman
The newresource that spurred industrialization was
Petroleum
The open range was largely fenced off with what new invention?
Barbed wire
The original intent of the Constitutional Convention was to
Revise the Articles of Confederation
The Plains Indians did not like the movement of settlers because they feared
Buffalo herds would die off or migrate elsewhere
The processing center for the vast majority of immigrants arriving on the East Coast was at
Ellis Island
The railroad boom began in 1862 when President Abraham Lincoln signed the
Pacific Railway Act
The South continued to defend Slavery because it
Was necessary to sustain their way of life
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends what
The War with Mexico
The Wheat Belt encompassed what areas of the US?
The Dakotas and parts of Nebraska and Kansas
The world’s first skyscraper, built in 1885, was how tall?
10 stories tall
This contains guarantees of essential rights and liberties to all American citizens
Bill of Rights
This doublessize of the US
Louisiana Purchase
This invention by George Westinghouse changed train travel. Trains could now go faster and stop quicker.
Air-brake system
This is the oldest Federal constitution in existence
The United States Constitution
This typeof system made it possible for the US to industrialize rapidly.
Free enterprise
Thomas Edison supplied electric power to what American city in 1882?
New York City
Thousands of Missourians crossed in Kansas to elect a pro-slavery legislature. They wereknow as
“Border ruffians”
W. E. B. DuBois did not believe in compromise and felt that protecting and exercising___________was they key to equality?
Voting rights
Western ranchers want to sell their cattle to which market because they could make ahuge profit?
Eastern
Whatbrought the first wave of settlersto the West?
Mining
What did the end of Reconstruction mean for many African Americans?
Return to the old South
What incident occurred in 1886 that badly hurt the Knights of Labor’s reputation?
Haymarket Riot
What is an organization owned by stock holders but treated by law as though it were asingle person?
A corporation
What law prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United States from becomingcitizens?
Chinese Exclusion Act
1What newindustries arose in the post-Civil War South?
Railroads, iron and steel, tobacco processing, and cotton mills
What statewas admitted as a result of The Comstock Lode?
Nevada
What was Dry farming?
Planting seeds deep in the ground, where there was enough moisture for them to grow
What wasone lasting and important contribution of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Built up the education system for African Americans
What was taxed under “sin taxes”?
Alcohol and tobacco products
What was the purpose of Sherman’s March to the Sea?
Make Southern civilians understand the horrors of war
What was the task of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
To feed and clothe war refugees
When American settlers refused to follow Mexico’s conditions for settling the Texasregion, Mexico
Closed their borders in 1830
When heading west into new territories the pioneers often
Settled with those of similar cultures by waterways for trade purposes
When Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 days After the fall of FortSumter, the idea of taking up arms against fellow southerners causes four morestates to
Leave the Union
Where did many Chinese immigrants settle?
Western cities
Which branch makes laws for the nation
Legislative Branch
White Southerners who worked with the Republicans and supported Reconstruction were called
Scalawags
Who invented the telephone, which revolutionized both business and personal communication?
Alexander Graham Bell
Who proposed creating two large reservations in 1867, one for the Sioux and anotherfor the southern Plains Indians?
Indian Peace Commission
Why did ranchers have to get their cattle to Kansas or Missouri?
Get them on the railcars in those states
Why was Chattanooga an important military objective for Union forces?
Chattanooga was a major railroad junction south toward Atlanta
With Oregon and the former Mexican territories under the American flag, the dream of
Manifest Destiny had been realized
Workers whotried to organize a union or strike were often fired and placed on a list of”troublemakers” called the
Blacklist
Written to win approval of the Constitution inthe large states, especially New York
The Federalist papers
At the start of World War I, the Triple Alliance included what countries?
Germany Austria-Hungry Italy
Time frame of WWI
1914-1918
According to the Zimmermann telegram, if Mexico allied with Germany, Germany would dowhat for Mexico?
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
Information designed to influence opinion
Propaganda
The eventthat touched off the first declaration of war in World War I was what event?
Assassination of the Archduke and heir to thethrone of Austria-Hungary
To prevent labor strikes from disrupting the war effort, the government established the…?
National War Labor Board
The Triple Entente included what countries?
Brittan, France, and Russia
World War I was the first war in which what group officially served?
Women
US was under the command of him during WWI
General Pershing
“Selling” the war to the American people wasthe task of who?
Committee on Public Information
Describe two events that pushed the United States toward entering World War I.
The Zimmerman Telegram, and the sinking of the Lusitania
Spying to acquire government secrets
Espionage
Goods prohibited from shipment to Germany or its allies
Contraband
The tide of the war begin to turn here
Battle of Argonne
Time and date of Armistice
11, 11, 11am 1918
Major General Pershing required _________________ soldiers to be in France before hewould allow the US to start fighting?
2 million
Why did the tank have very little impact on the outcome of World War I?
They had not learned how to effectively exploit it in war yet.
