Final Flashcards
1
Q
3 lengths of needles
A
long
short
ultra short
2
Q
long needle length
A
between 30-35
3
Q
short needle length
A
20-25u
4
Q
ultra short needle length
A
5
Q
what are the gauge options for needles and their color codes
A
30 blue
27 yellow
25 red
6
Q
what are the 2 chemical classifications of dental anesthetics
A
ester
amide
7
Q
ester anesthetic undergo biotransformation where
A
blood plasma
8
Q
amide anesthetic undergo biotransformation where
A
liver
9
Q
what is the most commonly used topical anesthetic
A
benzocaine or lidocaine
10
Q
what is the most commonly used dental anesthetic in the US
A
2% lidocaine
11
Q
what anesthetic provides the longest duration
A
.5% bupivicaine (marcaine)
12
Q
which anesthetic is classified as an amide but metabolized more like an ester
A
articaine (septocaine)
13
Q
what is a vasoconstrictor
A
a substance that causes vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels (increased BP)
14
Q
what are the effects of adding a vasoconstrictor
A
prolongs anesthetic
reduces toxicity
decreases blood loss
15
Q
what are the two types of vasocontrictors
A
epi (adrenaline)
levonordefrin (neo-cobefrin)
16
Q
what is the anesthetic most likely used without a vasocontrictor
A
topical - benzocaine
17
Q
what is the safe dose of epi for a healthy adult
A
.2mg
18
Q
what is a safe dose of epi for a cardiac patient
A
.04mg
19
Q
how much solution is in a catridge of local anesthetic
A
1.8mL
20
Q
what is in a cartridge of anesthetic
A
21
Q
what is aspiration and why is it done
A
its pulling back the needles once inserted, looking for blood
its used to verify that the needle is not in a blood vessel or any vasculature
22
Q
what happens if you inject into a blood vessel
A
it can travel to the heart and cause heart palpitations
23
Q
what are the 3 branches of the trigemenial nerve
A
V1=opthalmic
V2=maxillary
V3 = mandibular
24
Q
where does v1 exit
A
superior alveolar fissure
25
where does v2 exit
foramen rotundum
26
where does v3 exit
foramen ovale
27
what is the nerve that innervates the face
trigeminal
28
what is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve
mandibular
29
what branch of the trigeminal nerve caries both sensory and motor nerves
mandibular
30
Know the PSA, nerves and what teeth they provide pulpal innervation to in the maxilla.
second molar
31
Know the MSA, nerves and what teeth they provide pulpal innervation to in the maxilla.
second premolar
32
Know the ASA, nerves and what teeth they provide pulpal innervation to in the maxilla.
canine
33
Know the GP, nerves and what teeth they provide pulpal innervation to in the maxilla.
palatine tissue appx 1-2mm slightly anterior to the GP foramen
34
Know the NP, nerves and what teeth they provide pulpal innervation to in the maxilla.
the opening of the incisive foramen and its incisive papilla
35
IA nerves and provides innervation to in the mandible
anesthetizes IA nerve & its mental and incisive nerve branches as well as the lingual nerve
36
buccal nerves and provides innervation to in the mandible
long buccal, anesthetizes (long) buccal nerve & associated buccal periodontium/gingiva of
mand molars
37
mental nerves and provides innervation to in the mandible
anesthetizes mental nerve & associated facial periodontium/gingiva of mand anterior teeth and premolars to midline, as well as tissue of ipsilateral lower lip/chin
38
Landmarks: IA/lingual
lingual nerve with IA; mandibular plane of occlusion, pterygomandibular raphe, coronoid
notch of mandible; 5-10mm above mandibular plane of occlusion opposite side of arch at canine/first
premolar
39
Landmarks: buccal
occlusal plane of mandible; buccal of mandibular teeth and 1-2mm above plane of occlusion;
mandible contacted within 2-5mm
40
Landmarks: mental
3-5mm; mandibular premolar; b/w mand. 1st and 2nd premolar
41
Gow-Gates injection
nerve block that anesthetizes the entire mandibular nerve w/in on mandibular quad
42
why use gow-gates
○ Highly recommended for quad dentistry or w/ lack of clinical effectiveness of an administered IA
block
43
Vazirani-Akinosi injection
Nerve block that has a large area of coverage of the mand nerve within one mand
quad (similar to IA block)
44
Why use vazirani-Ankinosi injection
used in a pt w/ severe trismus or when there is difficulty administering of IA block on
certain cases
45
what pressure anesthesia is in palatal injection
Pressure anesthesia is obtained by using pressure from the cotton tipped applicator while the injection is
administered
46
what direction of the bevel of the needle and window of the syringe when giving injections
always bevel to bone
47
how is nitrous oxide used
as an anxiolytic to relieve anxiety or fear
48
what are the most common fears
fear of the needle and drill
analgesic = insensitivity to pain w/o loss of conciousnes
49
T/F: nitrous is a sub for anesthetic
no
50
what is the color code for oxygen
blue
51
what is the color code for nitrous
green
52
what is the percentage that is used for nitrous oxide sedation
100% O2 for 3-5 minutes at the end of nitrous
53
what are contraindications to No2 sedation
severe respiratory compromise or obstruction as
in severe asthma,
COPD,
emphysema
patients with eye surgery using intraocular gas.
for pregnant patients
history of stroke, hypotension and other cardiac condition
54
What is difusion hypoxia
a lack of oxygen following sedation that gives the patient a ‘hungover” feeling
with headache, grogginess, nausea ect
55
what is the best way to prevent medical emergencies
Implementation of a complete system of physical eval and medical health history could prevent up to 90%
of any medical emergency situations
56
what are the AHA guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis are needed for what tx
manipulation of the gum tissue or around the apex, penetration into the oral mucosa
57
what patients need a prophylaxis before treatment according to the AHA
prosthetic heart valve
prosthetic material used for cardiac valves
history of bacterial endocarditis
cardiac transplate
cyanotic congenital heart disease
repaired heart defect
58
ASA Class I
healthy patient
59
ASA Class II
has a mild systemic disease but not functional limitations
60
ASA Class III
has a mild systemic disease but functional limitations
61
ASA Class IV
severe systemic disease that is not life threatening
62
ASA Class V
Patient with life threatening disease that is unlikely to surve surgery
63
ASA Class VI
brain dead organ donor
64
what is tachycardia
increase HR>100bpm
65
what is bradycardia
decreased HR <60bpm
66
what is tachypnea
fast breathing >20bpm
67
what is bradypnea
<20bpm
68
Normal BP
120systolic/80
69
Elevated BP
120-129/80
70
hypertension I
130-139/ 80-89
71
hypertension II
140+ systolic OR 90+ diastolic
72
hypertensive crisis
180+ systolic OR
120+ diastolic
73
a hypertensive crisis (BP) requires what
doctors consult
74
what is the most common medical emergency in the dental office
syncope
75
what is the cause of vasodepressor syncope
a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate that can be triggered by
a number of factors, including: intense emotion, such as fear, intense pain, sight of
blood or a needle, etc
76
what are symptoms of vasodepressor syncope
fainting, nausea, warmth, turning pale, getting sweaty palms, feeling dizzy or
lightheaded, blurred vision, sudden feeling of tiredness, yawning, slow pulse
77
what is FBAO
foreign body airway obstruction
78
what is the tx of partial airway obstruction
make a forceful cough
79
what is the tx for a complete obstruction
heimlich
establish airway if pt goes unconcious
80
what is status epilepticus
continuous epilectic seizure activity with incomplete neurological recovery for a period of 30min
81
what is status astmaticus
most severe form of asthma
airway distress cannot be correction with albuterol
82
most seizure last how long
1-2 minutes
83
what is postural hypotension
when BP drops when you get up too fast from sitting down
84
what is the age that postural hypotension is most common
elderly and in patients
85
characteristics of type I diabetes
diagnosed at early age
insulin dependent
pancreas controls the synthesis of insulin
86
what are characteristics of type 2 diabetics
non-insulin dependent
obese
87
high glucose over a long period of time creates insulin _____ and defects in insulin secretion
resistance
88
where is the thyroid gland located
in front of the next below the adams apple and below the trachea
89
what are the thyroid hormones
T3 = thyroxine
T4 = triiodothyronine
calcitonin
90
what is cretinism
deficiency of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) during fetal or early life can produce a clinical
syndrome known as cretinism in infants and children
91
what is myxedema
severe hypothyroidism that develops in an adult is called myxedema and refers to the
appearance of non-pitting, gelatinous, mucinous infiltrates beneath the skin
92
and is adrenal crisis
1 = addision's disease = no cortisol production
2 = tumor or damage to pituitary gland
3 = steroids that cause adrenal gland to stop producing right levels of cortisol
93
what is albuterol used for
asthma attack
94
what is nitroglycerin used for
angina pectoris (chest pain) and MI (heart attack)
95
what is ammonia capsules used for
syncope
96
what is Diphenhydramine used for
allergic rxn
97
what is cake icing used for
hypoglycemia
98
what is an epi pen used for
anaphylatic shock
99
what is the adult epi pen dose
.3mL
100
what is the junior epi pen dose
.15mL
101
what is naloxone
narcan
102
what is narcan used for
opioid overdose
103
where is the epi pen administered
lateral aspect of the thigh
104
when do most allergic reactions occure
10-15min after injection
105
what happens after 3 doses of nitroglycerin
its a heart attack
call 911
provide o2
get the AED
106
what are the ABCs
airway
breathing
circulation
107
CPR method is __:_
30:2 compression to breaths
108
what is the most probably cause of hypoventilation
anxiety
109
CVA is what
ischemic stroke
110
what is an MI
heart attack
111
what is ACT FAST in CVA
F- face drooping
A-arm weakness
S-speech impairment
T-time to call 911
112
what is the most common cause of CVA
high blood pressure
when arteries carrying blood to the brain is blocked
113
what is atherosclerosis
build up of cholesterol in the artery wall
114
Trendelenburg position
feet above head
uncrossed legs
gets blood back to brain
115
what two nerves would you use to anesthetize the infraorbital injections
IO block
also get ASA and MSA for one injections
116
what is Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Complication of diabetes in which acids (ketones) build up in blood to levels that can become
life-threatening
117
Diabetic Ketoacidosis is higher risk for what type
type i
118
Diabetic Ketoacidosis is due to
missing an insulin dose
