Final Flashcards
Instrumentality
Device, system or hardware played sig. role in a crime
Contraband
Digital device is illegally possessed or is illegal to possess due to legal reason
“Mere”
Evidence that not seized, instead goal is to get data that is of value
Digital evidence
Information and data of value that is stored on, received or transmitted by an electronic device
First responders: handle digital evidence
- Recognize, document, and secure
- Document entire scene/location
- Collect label and preserve
- Package and transport in secure manner
Useful evidence
Photos, documents, chat logs, browsing history, stored data, etc.
Hard drives
Data storage device
External hard drive
Increase computers data storage capacity and provide portable data
Removable media
Cartridges and disc-based data storage devices
Thumb drives
Small lightweight removable data storage devices with USB connection
Memory cards
Small dated storage devices
Digital collection toolkit
Cameras cardboard boxes notepads evidence tape evidence sketches, labels, tags crime scene tape Gloves Inventory logs Anti static bags Permanent markers Non magnetic tools Radio frequency shielding materials -tinfoil
3 options for locating person with cell phone
- Single cell tower search
- GPS
- Cell tower triangulation (most accurate)
Death
Irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions
Homicide
Killing of one person by another
Excusable homicide
Unintentional, truly accidental killing
Justifiable homicide
Killing of person under authority of law
Signs of death
Lack of breathing, heart beat, flushing of fingernail, failure of eyelids to close
Coroner
Elected official
Medical examiner
Physician, not elected
Forensic pathologist
Medicine branch, applies to fundamentals and knowledge of medical sciences to problems in field of law and those that relate to public health and safety
Manner of death
Circumstances under which cause of death occurred
Natural
Caused by a disease or old age
Unnatural
Homicide, suicide, accident or undetermined
Cause of death
Injury/disease responsible for the pathological and physiological disturbances that resulted in death
Autopsy
Medical dissection/exam of body to determine cause if death
Post mortem interval
Time elapsed since death occurred
Livor mortis
Color change occurs from pooling of blood after heart stops
Tardieu spots
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages caused by burst capillaries
Rigor mortis
Stiffening of body
Cadaveric spasm
Immediate rigor
Algor mortis
Loss of body heat
Rainey’s equation
LogD - logtI
____________ = X (hours since tod)
LogR
Vitreous draw
Sample of ocular fluid from eye determine potassium levels
Decomposition
Postmortem breakdown of body tissues
Putrefaction
Postmortem changes produce by actions of bacteria and microorganisms
Mummification
Dehydration of tissues
High temp, low humidity, some form of ventilation
Adipocere
Hydration and dehydration of the body’s fat, results in off white, waxy, claylike substance
Postmortem
After death
Perimortem
Occurred at or near death
Perimortem injuries include
Mechanic, thermal, chemical, and electrical traumas
Exsanguination
Death due bleeding out
Penetrating gunshot wound
Entrance but no exit
Perforating gunshot wound
Entrance and exit wound
Contact/near contact injury
Less than 0.5 cm from target
Distance range injury
Greater than 1 to 1.5 m
Hypothermia
Lowering of body temp due to excessive cold
Hyperthermia
Rising of body temp due to excessive heat
Asphyxia
Interruption of oxygen to brain
Drowning
Death by asphyxiation cause by water submersion
Cone of foam, foam cone
Caused by drug overdose
Flashpoint
Lowest temp which liquid gives off sufficient vapor to mix with air that supports combustion
Pyrolysis
Chem decomp of solid to gas
Flammable range
Range which air and fuel will support combustion
Incendiary evidence
Crime scene debris, observed burning characteristics and absence of accidental causation
USERT
Underwater search and evidence response team
Black water diving
Visibility is reduced to nothing readable/ visible
Line tenders
Individuals eyes and ears of forensic diver
PADI
Professional association of dive instructors
SSI
Scuba schools international
NAUI
National association of underwater instructors
First scene
Surface scene
Second scene
Submerged scene
Ultimate goal
Determine whether crime has been committed
DMORT
Disaster mortuary operational response team
Probing
Pushing metal rod into ground, where enter more easily is marked
CPU
Central processing unit
Sir Robert peel
First police department
Allan Pinkerton
Chicago’s first detective
Edmond locard
Credited for worlds first crime lab
Locard’s exchange principle
Two objects that contact cross transfer evidence
Negative witness
Someone who explains why forensic evidence is absent or not being introduced
Ethics
Study of moral standards and how they effect conduct
Values
Beliefs if a person/group for or against an emotional investment
Expert witness
Provides specialized info, can provide opinion, educate jury
The daubert standard
Judges must eval testimony is both relevant and reliable
Mechanical loss
Evidence lost though saving a life
Transient evidence
Fragile or at great risk of loss
Local/traditional model
Police are used as primary scrims scene personnel
Crime scene investigator/tech
Personnel who are dedicated to documentation and physical evidence collection and preservation
Crime lab model
Responds to serious cases
Team model
Most effective, most specialized model
Cross contamination
Unintentional movement/transfer of material between two objects
PPE
Personal protection equipment
PPE levels
Level A-D ; A is most dangerous
Viscosity
Molecules of blood that are mutually attracted to each other
Directionality
Direction blood is traveling
Swipe
Bloodied surface against non bloody one
Wipe
Non bloody surface moves across a bloody one
Cast off patterns
Created when blood is released/ thrown from a blood-bearing object
Arterial spirt
Artery is breached, blood projects in vetoed amounts
NIBIN
National integrated ballistics information network
IBIS
Integrated ballistic identification system
Zones of possibility
Probable, possible and impossible
CSA
Controlled substance act
Five classes of drugs
Narcotics, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids
Potency
Amount needed to produce a certain effect
Efficacy
Whether or not a drug can produce an effect regardless of dose
How many schedules of drugs
Five. One is the highest chance for abuse
Physiological effects of hallucinogens
Elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils