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Psy 101 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and tax one’s coping abilities

A

Stress

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2
Q

Is the event irrelevant to you, relevant but not threatening, stressful

A

Primary appraisals of stress

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3
Q

Coping resources and options for dealing with stress

A

Secondary appraisals of stress

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4
Q

Type of stress: Pursuit of some goal is thwarted?

A

Frustration

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5
Q

Example of frustration

A

Traffic jam

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6
Q

Type of stress: 2 or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression?

A

Conflict

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7
Q

Choice between 2 attractive goals?

A

Approach-Approach

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8
Q

Choice between 2 unattractive goals?

A

Avoidance-Avoidance

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9
Q

Choice to purse a single goal that has both unattractive and attractive aspects?

A

Approach-Avoidance

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10
Q

Noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment ?

A

Life Chances

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11
Q

Example of Life changes

A

Getting married/ divorced

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12
Q

Demands that one behave in a certain way?

A

Pressure

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13
Q

Example of pressure

A

Peer pressure, conform to others expectations

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14
Q

Open the mindset and promotes creativity, flexibility in problem solving, undo negative emotions, promotes rewarding social interactions, social support and coping strategies

A

role of positive emotions in response to stress

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15
Q

What are the three levels we use to analyze a person’s reaction to stress ?

A

Emotional response, Physiological response, Behavioral response

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16
Q

Performance should improve with increased emotional arousal up to a point after which further increases in arousal become disruptive and performance deteriorates. As the task becomes more complex the optimal level of arousal tends to decrease.

A

How stress can alter performance and how task complexity is involved in this.

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17
Q

three stages of general adaptation syndrome?

A

alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

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18
Q

behavioral responses: efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress?

A

Coping

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19
Q

behavioral response: unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

A

defensive coping

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20
Q

behavioral responses: Healthy efforts that people make to deal with stressful events

A

Constructive coping

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21
Q

behavioral responses: passive behavior by unavoidable aversive events?

A

Learned helplessness

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22
Q

behavioral responses: intended to hurt someone, either physically of verbally

A

Aggression

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23
Q

behavioral responses: the release of emotional tension

A

Catharsis

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24
Q

which psychological disorder are linked to stress

A

Depression, Schizophrenia, Anxiety disorder

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25
Q

Personality types: (self-imposed stress and intense reactions to stress) strong competitive impatient time urgency and anger hostility

A

Type A personality

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26
Q

Personality types: relatively relaxed patient easygoing amicable behavior

A

Type B personality

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27
Q

The immune system can be suppressed by ?

A

Stress

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28
Q

Factors that moderate the impact of stress?

A

Social support and Optimism

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29
Q

positive stress promotes resilience personal growth self-improvement new skills

A

examples of how stress may have positive effects

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30
Q

The two unifying themes highlighted in chapter 13?

A

Multifactorial causation, subjectivity of experience

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31
Q

Distinguishing one illness from another

A

Diagnosis

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32
Q

Causation and development history of illness

A

Etiology

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33
Q

Forecast about the probable course of illness

A

Prognosis

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34
Q

key criteria for abnormality: violate norms

A

Deviance

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35
Q

Key criteria of abnormality: everyday adaptive behavior is impaired

A

Maladaptive behavior

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36
Q

Key criteria of abnormality: individual reports of great distress

A

Personal distress

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37
Q

four main anxiety disorders: Chronic high level anxiety not tied to any threat

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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38
Q

four main anxiety disorders: Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

A

Phobic disorder

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39
Q

four main anxiety disorders: recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

A

Panic disorder

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40
Q

four main anxiety disorders: Persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts urges to engage in senseless rituals

A

OCD

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41
Q

development of anxiety disorders: There is a moderate genetic predisposition to anxiety?

A

Biological

42
Q

development of anxiety disorders: Many anxiety responses may be acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning?

A

Conditioning

43
Q

development of anxiety disorders: Certain styles of thinking contribute to anxiety disorders for example; misinterpret harmless situations, focus excessively on perceived threats and selectively recall information that seems threatening?

A

Cognitive

44
Q

development of anxiety disorders: High stress helps precipitate the onset of anxiety

A

Stress

45
Q

______Disorder: Persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

A

Depressive disorder

46
Q

______Disorder: experience of both depressed and manic periods

A

Bipolar disorder

47
Q

development of mood disorders: genetic factors influence the probability od developing either disorder but genetics are stronger for bipolar disorder?

A

Genetic

48
Q

development of mood disorders: life stress causes neurochemical reactions that suppress neurogenesis resulting in a smaller hippocampal volume?

A

Neural

49
Q

development of mood disorders: learned helplessness

A

Cognitive

50
Q

development of mood disorders: poor social skills

A

social

51
Q

development of mood disorders: personal stress

A

stress

52
Q

Encompasses a class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and deterioration of adaptive behavior?

A

Schizophrenia

53
Q

symptoms: false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality?

A

Delusions

54
Q

symptoms: everyday behavior impaired?

A

Deterioration

55
Q

symptoms: Hallucinations sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input?

A

Distorted perception

56
Q

symptoms: little, no or inappropriate emotion show?

A

Disturbed emotion

57
Q

How biological factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

A

People can inherit a vulnerability to schizophrenia

58
Q

prenatal viral infection, prenatal malnutrition, obstetrical complications, other brain insults cause disruption of normal maturational processes before or at birth and subtle neurological damage which leads to increased vulnerability to schizophrenia?

A

neurochemical theories of schizophrenia

59
Q

Therapy: talk therapy

A

Insight therapies

60
Q

Therapy: principles of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviors

A

Behavior therapies

61
Q

Therapy: drug therapy and electro shock therapy

A

Biomedical therapies

62
Q

mental health professionals: psychological testing, diagnosis, treatment with insight or behavior therapy

A

Clinical psychologist (PhD, PsyD)

63
Q

mental health professionals: similar to clinical psychologist, focuses on work, career and adjustment problems

A

Counseling psychologist (PhD, PsyD, EdD)

64
Q

mental health professionals: diagnosis and treatment with biomedical therapy sometimes insight too

A

Psychiatrist (MD)

65
Q

mental health professionals: insight behavioral therapy

A

Clinical social worker (MSW, DSW)

66
Q

mental health professionals: inpatient care, insight and behavior therapy

A

Psychiatric nurse (RN, MA, PhD)

67
Q

mental health professionals: marital and family therapy

A

Marriage and family therapist (MA, PhD)

68
Q

Recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives and defenses

A

psychoanalysis therapy

69
Q

The goal of psychoanalysis therapy

A

To abandon defense mechanisms and resolve conflicts

70
Q

Techniques of psychoanalysis: client expresses thought/ feelings

A

Free association

71
Q

Techniques of psychoanalysis: therapist interprets meanings

A

Dream analysis

72
Q

Techniques of psychoanalysis: clients defense mechanisms hinder therapy

A

Resistance

73
Q

Techniques of psychoanalysis: client relates to therapist that mimics important relationships

A

Transference

74
Q

Focuses on providing a supportive, emotional climate.

A

Client centered therapy

75
Q

What is the goal of client center therapy?

A

Develop self-acceptance through becoming comfortable with genuine self

76
Q

Client centered therapy process: communicating with honesty

A

Genuineness

77
Q

Client centered therapy process: nonjudgmental acceptance

A

unconditional positive regard

78
Q

Client centered therapy process: understand clients view point, not sympathy

A

Empathy

79
Q

Simultaneous treatment of several clients. providing acceptance, emotional support, trade coping strategies, feedback and social skills

A

Group therapy

80
Q

Treatment of two focus on relationship issues

A

Couple therapy

81
Q

Treatment as a unit, focus on dynamics and communication

A

Family therapy

82
Q

Efficacy of insight therapies

A

Treatment is superior to no treatment or placebo treatment

83
Q

Behavioral therapies: exposure therapy

A

Systematic desensitization

84
Q

Behavioral therapies: Create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior

A

Aversion therapy

85
Q

Behavioral therapies: improve social skills that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal and shaping

A

Social skills training

86
Q

Behavioral therapies: combination of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking

A

Cognitive behavioral treatments

87
Q

Correction of habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders

A

Cognitive therapy

88
Q

The goal of cognitive therapy is to ?

A

Change clients’ negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

89
Q

Techniques used for cognitive therapy are?

A

Modeling, systematic monitoring of one’s behavior and behavioral rehearsal.

90
Q

The efficacy of behavioral therapies

A

works well on the problems that it can treat

91
Q

psychiatric drugs: reduced tension, apprehension, nervousness.

A

Antianxiety drugs

92
Q

Psychiatric drugs: Side effects drowsiness, lightheadedness, cottonmouth, depression, nausea, constipation

A

Antianxiety drugs

93
Q

psychiatric drugs: reduces psychotic symptoms, hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations and delusions

A

Antipsychotic drugs

94
Q

psychiatric drugs: side effects drowsiness, constipation and cottonmouth, tremors, muscular rigidity and impaired coordination

A

Antipsychotic drugs

95
Q

psychiatric drugs: gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression

A

Antidepressant drugs

96
Q

psychiatric drugs: control mood swings

A

Mood stabilizers

97
Q

Psychiatric drugs: lithium level in blood can be toxic and fatal

A

Mood stabilizers

98
Q

Efficacy of drug treatments

A

Drug therapy is effective for several disorders

99
Q

Controversies of drug treatments

A

They produce superficial short lived effects, overprescribed and patients over medicated, side effects are underestimated

100
Q

Why people grew disenchanted with mental hospitals

A

The mental hospitals were underfunded with undertrained understaffed overworked employment and overcrowded deemed untherapeutical

101
Q

disenchanted alternative

A

Community mental health movement; local community based care, reduced dependence on hospitalization, prevention of psychological disorders

Psy 101 (1 decks)

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