Final Flashcards
What is gari (also spelled garri)? How is it made?
A granular flour made from fermented cassava tubers. Its a staple food in West Africa and the root from which garri is produced is rich in fiber, copper, and magnesium
What does the concept of “food sovereignty: mean and how it benefit farmers in central Benin?
Food sovereignty refers to the right of people to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods and have the right to define their own food and agriculture systems.
Benefits: This can lead to farmers gaining greater control over their agricultural practices and food production, reducing dependency on external inputs and emphasize traditional farming
What is cassava? How is it grown? Be able to describe what a farmer needs to do to grow cassava in central benin
Cassava is a root vegetable that contain rich in carbohydrates. To grow cassave they need to
1.. Prepare the soil in that its well trained, fertile soil.
- Use healthy stem cuttings from mature plants, planting it at a angle. They would plat at the beginning of the rainy season to ensure adequate moisture for root development
- Regulary water and weed the fields
- Harves after planting when roots are mature by digging around the base of the plant
Cassava thrives in well-drained, sandy-loam soils and requires minimal rainfall
How is the farming system of Sor, Mali organized? Know the main crops, how they are grown, when, and by whom/
Farming system:
Houshold was defined as a production unit with active members contributing their labor. A complex household contains at least one married brother or sone of the household head and wives and children. Those not living in a complex household were nuclear families
Main crops: Mainly sorghum, as well as keninge and cowpea, maize, groundnut
What are driving factors in land sales (land commoditization) in Africa? Be sure to
consider the role of growing population and the urban wage sector.
Increased demand for housing, rapaid population growth increases the demand for housing which drives up land prices and encourages land sales
As people earn wage in urban area they often invest in land as a secure asset, contributing to increased land sales and rising land prices
Higher population density often lads to smaller farm sizes and increased pressure on available agricultural land.
The commoditization of land leads to rapidly increasing land prices, which can marginalize smallholder farmers and lead to greater land inequality
What role does a gender division of labor play in the transformation of cassava?
Men typically dominate activities such as land preparation, planting, initial cultivation of cassava. Men also handle commercial aspects of cassava marketing, women are also involves but especially in local markets.
Females are primarily responsible for harvesting, peeling, grating, and fermenting cassava
What is a geographical indication? Be able to provide a common example
A geographical indication is a sign used on products that have specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation, or characteristics that are inherent to that location
A common example is Kilimanjaro coffee from Tanzania a known geographical indication in Afirca. Its a coffee that is grown on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and is renowned for its flavor and high quality.
How might the designation of Gari Sohoui as a geographical indication for cassava in
central Benin affect farmers?
The GI status enhances market value of Gari Sohoui by highlightings it unique qualities and origin which could lead to increase demand and higher prices fro farmers.
The GI status encourages preservation of traditional farming and processing practices associated with Gari Sohoui
The GI status contributes to rural economic development by empowering farmers with a valuable asset
What are some challenges in implementing an effective geographical indication for
cassava in Benin
Ensuring the enfrocement of GI regulations to prevent misuse or unauthorized use of the designation require effective governance structures and legal frameworks
gaining market acceptance and premium pricing for GI cassava can be challenging in term of competitive global markets where awareness of. GI from developing countries may. be limited
How does a patrilineal system of inheritance determine how a farmer can obtain
access to land?
Land is typically passed down through the male lineage. The eldest son often inherits the bulk of the family’s land ensuring the continuity of the family’s wealth and lineage. This tradition may leave younger sons with smaller portions of land or none at all.
In some African societies, sutomary laws govern land inheritance favoring male heirs over female heirs, limiting women’s access to land as they often are excluded from inheritance rights
Who benefited from the cutting of Kenya’s forests during the long period of President
Moi’s time in office?
President Moi and memebrs of the political elite were implicated in tribal forest land grabs, suggesting they may have benefited from the exploitation of illegal logging activities, forest resources, and European countries benefited from logging for income
How do the 3 lions of Africa (Stuart Marks’ concept) symbolize different views of
nature, including wildlife and forests? What is the significance of these different views
when they are applied to land and resource management?
Panthera Leo: Symbolizes the taditional view of nature, where wildlife and forests are sen as valuable resources to be used sustainable for human needs while giving respect for ecosystems
Panthera Loci: Represents the local or indigenous perspective on nature, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humans with their environment.
Panthera Imperialis: The lion embodies the imperial or dominant view of nature, where wildlife and forest are often exploited for economic gain
n the film Taking Root: The Vision of Wangari Maathai, references are made to several
symbols related to people, their social roles, and their relations in the natural world.
For each of the following four areas, explain the meaning or significance: 1) nature–in
the form of the fig tree, water, and frog eggs; 2) the idea and act of planting trees,
3) forests in Kenya before, during, and after British colonial rule; 4) book learning
(schooling) and learning from elders
1) Fig tree: symbolizes resilience and interconnectedness. Represents the enduring strength of nature and its ability to sustain life even in challenging environments
Water: Serves as a metaphor for the essential role of environmental conservation in preservinging ecosystems
Frog eggs: highlights the importance of preserving biodiversity and protecting habitats
2) Planting trees: symbolizes ope, renewal, and empowerment to address environmental degradation and restore ecosystems
- Book learning symbolizes formal education and academic knowledge. It represents access to information, critical thinking and innovation. In contrast, learning from elfers symbolizes traditional wisdom, cultural heritage.
Using examples from the film Taking Root, show the importance of each of the
following: age (young-old, junior-senior), gender, ethnicity, and government
Women face challenges in advocating for environment conservation and women right in Kenya.
Ethnic diversity is indirectly address in the film through the broader of context of kenyan society. Her advocacy promoted inclusivity and solidarity among diverse communities affected by deforestation and land degradation
The role of government is critical concerning in environmental policy and land management practices. Maathai’s activism often challenged governmental polices that favored commercial interests over environmental protection
What are livelihood strategies, especially rural livelihood strategies? In what ways can
migration be a household livelihood strategy?
In rural area, livelhood strategies often revolve around agriculture, livestock rearing, fishing, and various forms of natural resource utilization . Rural households may engage in non-farm activities such as small-scale trading or wage labor in nearby towns
Migration as a Household livelihood strategy
Migration provides opportunities for household members to earn additional income through employment in urban centers, construction projects
Migrates often send money back to their rural households which could contribute to household income to invest in their family business
