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bio med 2 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the point on a chromosome where two sister chromatids are attached?

A

The Centromere

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2
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

An examination of tissue removed from the body.

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3
Q

What is it called when cancerous cells spread to other tissues or parts of the body?

A

Metastasis

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4
Q

Tumors that are harmful and can invade other tissues or spread to other parts of the body are called ______.

A

Malignant Tumors

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5
Q

If a gene sequence contains 25 adenine base pairs, how many thymine bases will be included on the mRNA strand?

A

0, in mrna, thymine is replaced with uracil

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6
Q

Know how to write out the complimentary DNA strand of a DNA sequence.

A

thymine pairs with adenine (T-A) guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C)

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7
Q

What are codons?

A

3 base pairs of Mrna

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8
Q

Review how to use punnett squares.

A

They can help to predict the variations and probabilities.

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9
Q

Review how to read a pedigree.

A

Boxes represent males, while circles represent females, if they are filled in they carry a dominant gene, if they are half filled in then they are heterozygous

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10
Q

Know how to read a karyotype. How do you tell if they are male or female?

A

XY indicates a male karyotype; XX would indicate a female karyotype

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11
Q

Homozygous

A

ff or FF

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12
Q

Heterozygous

A

Ff

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13
Q

Dominant

A

F

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14
Q

Recessive

A

f

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15
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

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16
Q

Phenotype

A

the observable physical properties of an organism

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17
Q

alleles

A

the two versions of dna we inherit from mom one from dad

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18
Q

If two heterozygous parents produce offspring, what is the probability that they will have children that are homozygous? What about heterozygous children?

A

Homozygous 50%, heterozygous 50%

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19
Q

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?

A

meiosis:production of gametes in sexual reproduction
Mitosis: asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells

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20
Q

What is the innate (nonspecific) immune system? What is included in the innate immune system?

A

The defenses you are born with, like stomach acid or white blood cells.

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21
Q

Gram-negative bacilli

A

Red rod shaped bacteria

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22
Q

Gram-negative cocci

A

red spherical bacterium

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23
Q

Gram-negative spirillum

A

Red spiral shaped bacteria

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24
Q

Gram-positive bacilli

A

Blue rod shaped bacteria

25
Q

Gram-positive cocci

A

Blue/purple spherical bacterium

26
Q

Gram-positive spirillum

A

Blue spiral shaped bacteria

27
Q

Outbreak

A

A sudden increase of a disease in a localized area

28
Q

epidemic

A

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

29
Q

pandemic

A

An epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents.

30
Q

endemic

A

A disease present in a specific geographic area.

31
Q

What is aseptic technique? What are some examples of things you should do to follow good aseptic technique?

A

Aseptic technique is a strict cleaning procedure to prevent infection. One example is using full surgerical apparel.

32
Q

What does an epidemiologist do?

A

They study trends in health issues in populations.

33
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

Infection acquired while under care of hospitals.

34
Q

During an outbreak, epidemiologists must be strategic about communicating information to the public. Why? And, what factors should be considered during their communications?

A

To not induce unnecessary panic, and predict how people will react.

35
Q

prions

A

abnormal forms of regular cell proteins; affect the brain

36
Q

viruses

A

group of nonliving, submicroscopic ineffective agents

37
Q

bacteria

A

A single celled, prokaryotic microorganism.

38
Q

protist

A

a single celled organism

39
Q

helminth

A

Large, eukaryotic, multicellular parasitic worm.

40
Q

fungi

A

Parasitic spore producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll.

41
Q

Describe what oil immersion does when using a microscope.

A

Oil immersion gives us improved resolution and clarity of microscopic images.

42
Q

Explain what direct and indirect transmission is when it comes to infectious diseases.

A

Direct transmission is when a susceptible host touches an infected individual, indirect is when a susceptible host inhales infected particles, touches an infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect.

43
Q

What are some types of training that might be required if you were on search and rescue here in LaGrande?

A

You would have to know how to work well under pressure and in high risk areas.

44
Q

If a patient is unresponsive, what are some ways you can get a patient history?

A

You can contact their friends and family members to try and get a correct history.

45
Q

What is a person suffering from if they have poor skin turgor?

A

dehydration

46
Q

Explain what CPR is and what it is used for.

A

A lifesaving technique that’s useful in many emergencies in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

47
Q

If a person has a skin rash from poison ivy that is not severe and only on the skin, what should you use to treat the rash?

A

you should apply a drying agent or a protectant like baking soda or a topical ointment.

48
Q

What should be considered when determining the dose of medication?

A

The persons height, weight, condition and history.

49
Q

Subcutaneous

A

The injection is given in the fatty tissue, just under the skin.

50
Q

Intramuscular

A

the injection of a substance into a muscle.

51
Q

intravenous

A

an injection of a medication or another substance into a vein and directly into the bloodstream.

52
Q

isotonic

A

same solute concentration and water concentration as body fluids

53
Q

hypotonic

A

Low solute concentration and high water concentration compared to body fluids.

54
Q

hypertonic

A

High solute concentrations and low water concentration.

55
Q

Should an Isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solution be used on a person that needs to be rehydrated? Why?

A

An isotonic solution should be used to correct the balance.

56
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of particles from a low to high concentration through a membrane.

57
Q

Compare a venous bleed with an arterial bleed. Which is more dangerous?

A

an arterial bleed.

58
Q

What time is 16:30 in 12-hour time?

A

4:30 pm

59
Q

When triaging a patient in the ER, what factors should be considered?

A

The severity of the injury, allergens, and medical history.

bio med 2 (1 decks)

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