final Flashcards
What is the point on a chromosome where two sister chromatids are attached?
The Centromere
What is a biopsy?
An examination of tissue removed from the body.
What is it called when cancerous cells spread to other tissues or parts of the body?
Metastasis
Tumors that are harmful and can invade other tissues or spread to other parts of the body are called ______.
Malignant Tumors
If a gene sequence contains 25 adenine base pairs, how many thymine bases will be included on the mRNA strand?
0, in mrna, thymine is replaced with uracil
Know how to write out the complimentary DNA strand of a DNA sequence.
thymine pairs with adenine (T-A) guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C)
What are codons?
3 base pairs of Mrna
Review how to use punnett squares.
They can help to predict the variations and probabilities.
Review how to read a pedigree.
Boxes represent males, while circles represent females, if they are filled in they carry a dominant gene, if they are half filled in then they are heterozygous
Know how to read a karyotype. How do you tell if they are male or female?
XY indicates a male karyotype; XX would indicate a female karyotype
Homozygous
ff or FF
Heterozygous
Ff
Dominant
F
Recessive
f
Genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
the observable physical properties of an organism
alleles
the two versions of dna we inherit from mom one from dad
If two heterozygous parents produce offspring, what is the probability that they will have children that are homozygous? What about heterozygous children?
Homozygous 50%, heterozygous 50%
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
meiosis:production of gametes in sexual reproduction
Mitosis: asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells
What is the innate (nonspecific) immune system? What is included in the innate immune system?
The defenses you are born with, like stomach acid or white blood cells.
Gram-negative bacilli
Red rod shaped bacteria
Gram-negative cocci
red spherical bacterium
Gram-negative spirillum
Red spiral shaped bacteria
Gram-positive bacilli
Blue rod shaped bacteria
Gram-positive cocci
Blue/purple spherical bacterium
Gram-positive spirillum
Blue spiral shaped bacteria
Outbreak
A sudden increase of a disease in a localized area
epidemic
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
pandemic
An epidemic that has spread across multiple countries or continents.
endemic
A disease present in a specific geographic area.
What is aseptic technique? What are some examples of things you should do to follow good aseptic technique?
Aseptic technique is a strict cleaning procedure to prevent infection. One example is using full surgerical apparel.
What does an epidemiologist do?
They study trends in health issues in populations.
What is a nosocomial infection?
Infection acquired while under care of hospitals.
During an outbreak, epidemiologists must be strategic about communicating information to the public. Why? And, what factors should be considered during their communications?
To not induce unnecessary panic, and predict how people will react.
prions
abnormal forms of regular cell proteins; affect the brain
viruses
group of nonliving, submicroscopic ineffective agents
bacteria
A single celled, prokaryotic microorganism.
protist
a single celled organism
helminth
Large, eukaryotic, multicellular parasitic worm.
fungi
Parasitic spore producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll.
Describe what oil immersion does when using a microscope.
Oil immersion gives us improved resolution and clarity of microscopic images.
Explain what direct and indirect transmission is when it comes to infectious diseases.
Direct transmission is when a susceptible host touches an infected individual, indirect is when a susceptible host inhales infected particles, touches an infected object, or is bitten by an infected insect.
What are some types of training that might be required if you were on search and rescue here in LaGrande?
You would have to know how to work well under pressure and in high risk areas.
If a patient is unresponsive, what are some ways you can get a patient history?
You can contact their friends and family members to try and get a correct history.
What is a person suffering from if they have poor skin turgor?
dehydration
Explain what CPR is and what it is used for.
A lifesaving technique that’s useful in many emergencies in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.
If a person has a skin rash from poison ivy that is not severe and only on the skin, what should you use to treat the rash?
you should apply a drying agent or a protectant like baking soda or a topical ointment.
What should be considered when determining the dose of medication?
The persons height, weight, condition and history.
Subcutaneous
The injection is given in the fatty tissue, just under the skin.
Intramuscular
the injection of a substance into a muscle.
intravenous
an injection of a medication or another substance into a vein and directly into the bloodstream.
isotonic
same solute concentration and water concentration as body fluids
hypotonic
Low solute concentration and high water concentration compared to body fluids.
hypertonic
High solute concentrations and low water concentration.
Should an Isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solution be used on a person that needs to be rehydrated? Why?
An isotonic solution should be used to correct the balance.
What is osmosis?
The movement of particles from a low to high concentration through a membrane.
Compare a venous bleed with an arterial bleed. Which is more dangerous?
an arterial bleed.
What time is 16:30 in 12-hour time?
4:30 pm
When triaging a patient in the ER, what factors should be considered?
The severity of the injury, allergens, and medical history.
