Final

Question 0

What are some characteristics of Mecopterans?

Answer 0

1) Elaborate courtship in some species
2) Female secrete a pheromone
4) Male may present a gift of a dead prey insect

Question 1

What are the reasons for the success of the beetles?

Answer 1

1) the elytra shape and protective nature are virtually indestructible
2) Holometabolous development with overwintering pupa stage
3) Found in every habitat type except marine
4) Will eat almost anything
5) Generally have very low oxygen requirements

Question 2

What are some characteristics of Dipterans?

Answer 2

1) small and soft-bodied
2) Mouthparts exhibit considerable variation
3) Holometabolous development
4) vectors for many diseases

Question 3

What group did Siphonaptera evolve from and why?

Answer 3

Diptera

1) similar mouthparts
2) adult antennae are short
3) larval throacic legs and eyes are suppressed
4) escape from cocoon is similiar
5) some of the Hippoboscidae are wingless

Question 4

What is a possible origin of fleas aside from diptera?

Answer 4

Family Boreidae - snow scorpion flies

Question 5

What are some similarities with the flea life cycle and the louse life cycle?

Answer 5

Both are wingless (secondarily)

Anoplurans take a blood meal

Question 6

What are some differences with the flea and louse life cycles?

Answer 6

flea Eggs are not attached - fall off host
immature develop off the host
pupa stage is not attached to host

Question 7

List the differences between butterflies and moths

Answer 7

Butterflies:

- wings not folded over body at rest
- brightly colored
- day flying - diurnal
- slender bodied
- antennae knobbed
- pupa - chrysalis

Moths

- wings folded over body at rest
- often dull in appearance
- night flying - nocturnal
- heavy bodied
- antennae not knobbed
- pupa in cocoons (silk)

Question 8

what 2 reasons noctuidae is so successful?

Answer 8

1) generally pupate underground

2) Able to detect bat echolocation

Question 9

how do spring and summer forms of luna moths differ?

Answer 9

Spring form has red borders

summer form doesn’t have borders

Question 10

what’s a unique characteristic of F. Papilionidae?

Answer 10

they have an osmeterium - which is eversibile and emits smelly compounds

Question 11

What are Trichopterans thought to have evolved from and why?

Answer 11

Lepidopterans

- Homometabolous development
- Presence of scales on the wings
- produce silk
- several lepidopterans have aquatic larval stages

Question 12

What are some characteristics of subphylum Symphyta

Answer 12

• Abdomen with base broadly attached to thorax
• behavior is not very sophisticated
• ovipositor usually fitted for sawing or piercing plant tissues

Question 13

What are some characteristics of Apocrita?

Answer 13

• First abdominal segment incorporated into thorax
• second segment narrowly constricted as the petiole
• behavior very sophisticated
• ovipositor specialized for piercing and/or stinging

Question 14

what are some characteristics of hymenopteran immature stages?

Answer 14

• Strictly herbivorous
• very similar to lepidopteran larvae
• thick cylinder like trunk with appendages on most segments
• majority are zoophagous
• half of the families are parasitic
  
  • also predators on spiders & caterpillars
• all inhabit protected environments (body cavity of a host or a cell prepared for them)

Question 15

What are ants thought to evolve from?

Answer 15

wasp-like ancestors - Vespidae

Question 16

What is a Bivouac?

Answer 16

Temporary shelter out in the open - ants

Question 17

What is Apiculture?

Answer 17

Beekeeping

Question 18

What is the distance needed so that bees won’t instinctively connect combs with wax bridges

Answer 18

5/16

Question 19

What are Hamuli?

Answer 19

a small hook linking the fore wing and hind wing

Question 20

what insect are bed bugs closely related to?

Answer 20

Stink Bugs

Question 21

what kind of metamorphosis to bed bugs have?

Answer 21

incomplete or simple

Question 22

What are some feeding strategies and adaptations for bed bugs?

Answer 22

• active during times of host inactivity - at night
• appendages developed for rapid movement rather than clinging on to host
• use a ‘hit & run’ feeding strategy on resting host
• dorso-ventrally compressed body shape and winglessness
• use piercing-sucking type mouth parts to obtain blood meal

Question 23

what are some characteristics of Eusocial Behavior?

Answer 23

• Co-operation in care of the young
• reproductive division of labor
• overlapping of generations

Question 24

name an example of subsocial behavior

Answer 24

earwigs and cockroaches

Question 25

list the 4 groups of insects that eusocial behavior

Answer 25

1) eusocial wasps - three sub-families of Vespidae
2) Eusocial bees - Family Apidae
3) Ants - Family Formicidae
4) Termites

Question 26

What are similarities between termites and social hymenopterans?

Answer 26

• Castes are similar in number and kind
  
  • especially with ants because they live underground
• Trophallaxis occur in both - to a lesser degree in hymenoptera
• chemical trails used by termites and ants
• inhibitory caste social hormones
• Grooming between individuals - partial transmission of social hormones
• nest odor and territoriality common
• nest structure of similar complexity
• cannibalism is widespread

Question 27

list the differences between termites and eusocial hymenoptera.

Answer 27

1) Caste determination
2) worker castes
3) immatures
4) dominance hierarchies
5) fertilization process
6) feeding behavior
7) social parasitism

Question 28

What are First Generation Pesticides and give an example.

Answer 28

natural

hellebore (a plant) used by romans to rid themselves of lice

Question 29

How did insects become resistant to pesticides?

Answer 29

1) Short Generation time
2) High reproductive rate
3) High genetic variation
4) High mutation rate

Question 30

List the 4 characteristics of a perfect pesticide.

Answer 30

1) Inexpensive
2) Affects only the target organism
3) Has a short half-life
4) Quickly breaks down into harmless materials