Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STS > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

The world that things are changing and impermanent.

A

The world of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the world that the entities are only copies of the
ideal and the models, and the forms are the only real entities. Things are red in this world because they participate in
what it means to be red in this world

A

The world of forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He declared the Greatest Happiness Principle by saying that an “action
is right as far as it maximizes the attainment of happiness for the greatest number of people”

A

John Stuart Mill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomos simply comes together randomly to form the things in the
world. As such, only material entities matter. In terms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us attain happiness.

A

Materialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The mantra of
this school of thought is the famous, “Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die.”

A

Hedonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is a thought of life, led by Epicurus, the __ espurned the idea that to generate happiness, one must
learn to distance oneself and be apathetic. The original term, apatheia, precisely means to be indifferent. Happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy.

A

Stoicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This is a school of thought where Most people find the meaning of their lives using God as a fulcrum of their existence.

A

Theism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Another school of thought, espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to
legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls. Man is literally the
captain of his own ship.

A

Humanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The word “technology” came from the Greek words techne and logos
which mean __ and ___

A

Art and word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of devices
across all age groups. More
specific, these “celebrities” in the field of technology are

A

Television sets, mobile phones, and
computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

He was successful in his attempt to send images
through wires with the aid of a rotating metal disk. This invention was then called the “electric
telescope”

A

Paul Gottlieb
Nipkow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

They created a new system of television by using the cathode ray tube in addition to the
mechanical scanner system.

A

Alan Swinton and Boris Rosing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A senior engineer at Motorola, made the world’s first mobile phone call.

It was known as the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

A

Martin
Cooper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A nineteenth-century English
Mathematics professor, who designed the Analytical Engine

A

Charles Babbage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The first true portable computer was released in April 1981. It was called the

A

Osborne 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A _____ is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding
industrial automation application.

A

service robot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A ____ or a service robot for personal use is a service
robot used for a noncommercial task, usually by laypersons. Examples are domestic
servant robot, automated wheelchair, personal mobility assist robot, and pet exercising
robot.

A

Personal service robot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A ____ robot for professional use is a robot
used for a commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained operator. Examples
are cleaning robot for public places, delivery robot in offices or hospitals, fire-fighting
robot, rehabilitation robot, and surgery robot in hospitals.

A

Professional service robot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Some of the expected work to be performed by _____are the following: (1) “Clear up
the kitchen table” — all objects on top of the kitchen table will be moved to where they belong;
(2) “Fill the dishwasher” — the dirty dishes will be sorted correctly into the dishwasher; and
(3)
“Clear up this room” — all objects that are not in their proper places will be moved to where they
belong

A

DESIRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The earliest conception of robots can be traced around ___ B.C. from the Egyptians

A

3000 B.C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The earliest
robots as people know them were created in the early 1950s by _____. “Unimate” was
his first invention from the words “Universal Automation

A

George Devol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

These laws were formulated by ___
back in the 1940s, when he was thinking of the ethical consequences of robots

A

Isaac Asimov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is defined as a “period starting in the last quarter of the 20th
century when information became effortlessly accessible through publications and through the
management of information by computers and computer networks”

A

Information Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ______ is also called the Digital Age and the New
Media Age because it was associated with the development of computers.

A

Information Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

According to __ who proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982,
“the Information Age is atrue new age based upon the interconnection of computers via
telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real-time and
as-needed basis.

A

James R. Messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In what year, the Sumerian writing system used pictographs to represent

A

3000 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

He invented the printing press using
movable metal type

A

Johannes Gutenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

He proposed the dictionary standardized English spelling

A

Samuel Johnson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

She writes the world’s first computer program

A

Augusta Lady Byron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

He invented the electronic amplifying tube(triode)

A

Lee DeForest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Television camera tube was invented by ____

A

Zvorkyn

32
Q

Birth of field-of-information theory proposed by

A

Claude E. Shannon

33
Q

Planar transistor was developed by (She)

A

Jean Hoerni

34
Q

_____ introduced the first complete personal computer

A

RadioShack

35
Q

He called it
“Information Anxiety.”

A

Richard Wurman

36
Q

Who was considered as the “Father of Information Theory”?

A

Claude E. Shannon

37
Q
  • It is a single-user instrument. PCs were first known as microcomputers
    since they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the
    enormous systems operated by most businesses.
A

Personal Computer (PC)

38
Q
  • These are portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop
    computer in a battery-powered package, which are somewhat larger than
    a typical hardcover book. They are commonly called notebooks.
A

Laptops

39
Q
  • It refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network
    services to other computers. ___ usually boast powerful processors,
    tons of memory, and large hard drives
A

Server

40
Q

Defines ___as an
“organism, either plant, animal, or microorganism, in which the genetic material (DNA)
has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating or natural
recombination.”

A

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

41
Q

Insulin is extracted from the pancreases of (what animals) that
have caused allergic reactions to some diabetics using it.

A

pigs and cows

42
Q

The top five countries
that operate GMO farmlands are the

A

United States
Brazil
Argentina
India
Canada

43
Q

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS
CAUSED BY GMO’s

A
  1. Risk in gene flow
  2. Emergence of new forms of resistance and
    secondary pests and weed problems
    3.
    Recombination of Virus and Bacteria to
    Produce New Pathogens
44
Q

OTHER HUMAN POTENTIAL RISKS THAT RAISE MAJOR
CONCERN ARE:

A

Human Genome Project (HGP)
Mutation of genetically engineered
microorganisms
Cloning

45
Q

The word nano comes from the Greek
word for

A

Dwarf

46
Q

_____ is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth. It encompasses all
kinds of life forms, from the single-celled organisms to the largest multi-celled organisms.

A

Biodiversity

47
Q

“the variability among living organisms from all sources,
including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of
which they are part, this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.

A

Biodiversity

48
Q

He is the General Director of WWF International, described that the
disappearance of wildlife is at an unprecedented rate.

A

Marco Lambertini

49
Q

Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss.

Species and populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough time to
adapt to changing climatic conditions.

A

Global climate change

50
Q

As stated by ___ “The Earth will retain its most striking feature, its biodiversity, only if
humans have the prescience to do so. This will occur, it seems, only if we realize the extent to
which we use biodiversity

A

Tilman

51
Q

A threat to biodiversity:
Major contributing factor is the inhabitation of human beings and
the use of land for economic gains.

A

Habitat loss and destruction

52
Q

Threat in biodiversity:

Sudden changes, either within species
groups or within the environment, could begin to change entire ecosystems. Alterations in
ecosystems are a critical factor contributing to species and habitat loss.

A

Alterations in ecosystem composition

53
Q

A threat in biodiversity:
Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to
its decline. Changing consumption patterns of humans is often cited as the key reason for this
unsustainable exploitation of natural resource

A

Over-exploitation

54
Q

According to experts, ____ could also have a serious impact on human
health and could deteriorate farming systems and reduce manents in some foods.

A

Climate change

55
Q

How Small is a Nanoscale?
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or ___ of a meter.

A

10–⁹ %

56
Q

German engineers ___ and __ built the first electron microscope during the
1930

A

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll

57
Q

is
a potential method to either treat or cure
genetic-related human illnesses.

A

Gene therapy

58
Q

A former overseas Filipino worker in Singapore turned farmer,
attended the Integrated Pest Management Farmers Field School and was introduced to Bt Corn

A

Rosalie Ellasus

59
Q

The term genetic engineering was coined by ____

A

Jack Williamson

60
Q

They developed the Atomic force microscope (AFM)

A

Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber

61
Q

They used an improved
gene therapy vector developed at the
Massachusetts Eye and Ear that was identified as
“___” which enables the transfer of genes to the
inaccessible outer hair cells when introduced into
the cochlea

A

Anc80

62
Q

One of the forms of Gene Theraphy:

Involves the manipulation of genes in cells that will be helpful to the patient but not inherited to the next generation
A

Somatic gene therapy

63
Q

Other form of gene therapy in which involves the genetic
modification of germ cells or the origin cells that will
pass the change on to the next generation

A

Germ-line gene therapy

64
Q

_____ are mother cells that have the
potential to become any type of cell of cell in the
body

A

Stem Cells

65
Q

It is a cells that are derived from a
four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development.

A

Embryonic stem cells

66
Q

It is a cells that exist
throughout the body after embryonic development
and are found inside of different types of tissue.

These stem cells have been found in tissues such
as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels,
skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver.

A

Somatic stem cells

67
Q

This special type of microscope enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale particles,
atoms, and small molecules.

In 1986, Gerd Binig and Heinrich Rohrer won the Nobel Prize in
Physics because of this invention.

A

Canning tunneling microscope

68
Q

It is a nano manufacturing that manufactures products by building them up from atomic and molecular-scale components.
However, this method can be time-consuming.

A
  1. Bottom-up fabrication
69
Q

It is a nano manufacturing that it trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale. This process needs larger amounts of
materials and discards excess raw materials.

A
  1. Top-down fabrication
70
Q

They are the directors of Stanford Research project

A

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

71
Q

Is an electronic device that stores and processes data (information)

A

Computer

72
Q

It is a type of computer that is described as a PC that is not designed for portability. The assumption
with a desktop is that it will be set up in a permanent spot.

A

Desktop Computers

73
Q

Type of computers
- They involve materials that are usually integrated into cell phones,
watches, and other small objects or places. They perform common
computer applications such as databases, email, multimedia, and
schedulers

A

Wearable Computers

74
Q

Type of computers
- These are tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards
but rely on a touch screen for user input.

A typically smaller than
a paperback, lightweight, and battery- powered

A

Personal Digital Assistans (PDAs)

75
Q

Type of computers Mainframes
- These are huge computer systems that can fill an entire room. They are
used especially by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines
that process millions of transactions every day.

A

Mainframes

76
Q

In his article “Truths of the Information Age” (n.d.),

He detailed some facts on
the Information Age.

A

Robert Harris

STS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions