Final

Question 0

What are some problems with predators?

Answer 0

1) reduce livestock production in some cases

2) prey on upland birds, deer and antelope fawns, and waterfowl

Question 1

What are the benefits of predators?

Answer 1

1) Maintain healthy ecosystems
2) Control rodent population
3) Wildfire watchers
4) may reduce density of other predators
5) Maintenance of “natural” communities

Question 2

What are the two approaches for estimating coyote abundance?

Answer 2

1) Density Estimates

2) Relative abundance indicies

Question 3

What are the 3 different ways to get density estimates?

Answer 3

1) Aerial counts
2) Catch-mark-release
3) Spotlight counts

Question 4

What are the 7 ways of getting relative abundance indices?

Answer 4

1) Scat deposition rates
2) Scent station visitation rates
3) Catch-per-unit effort
4) Elicited howling responses
5) Standardized track counts
6) Road-killed coyotes
7) Harvest questionnaires and bounty payments

Question 5

What should you take note of to determine what kind of predator it was?

Answer 5

1) position of the carcass
2) Any drag trails
3) Blood on the ground or vegetation
4) If carcass has been covered by vegetation or soil
5) obvious wounds on head, neck, and shoulders
6) examine feeding pattern
7) if the neck is broken
8) where puncutures are found

Question 6

What are some lethal options for controlling coyotes?

Answer 6

1) Leg hold traps
2) Snares
3) M-44 Device
4) Calling and Shooting
5) Hunting with dogs
6) Aerial Hunting
7) Livestock protection collars

Question 7

What are some alternative methods of predator control?

Answer 7

1) livestock guarding animals
2) Repellents and frightening devices
3) Aversive conditioning
4) Livestock husbandry and management practices
5) Fencing
6) Immunocontraception

Question 8

define depredation.

Answer 8

the act or an instance of destruction, plunder, or ravaging

Question 9

Who is the best girlfriend in the world?

Answer 9

Casey!!!

Question 10

What are potential solutions for preventing depredation?

Answer 10

1) Frightening Devices
2) Lethal Control
3) Fencing and Netting
4) Feeding deterrents
5) Commercially available feeding deterrents
6) Summary of Repellents

Question 11

Why is genetic variation so important?

Answer 11

1) ability to adapt over generations to environmental change

2) greater opportunity for individuals to adapt within their lifetime

Question 12

Define genes

Answer 12

segments of heredity material that are positioned on chromosomes

Question 13

Define Chromosomes.

Answer 13

structures that carry genes and are found in the nuclei of cells

Question 14

Define Structural genes

Answer 14

genes that encode Amino Acid sequences or the structure of proteins

Question 15

Define Regulatory genes.

Answer 15

control the expression of the structural genes during development or among different tissues

Question 16

define Diploid

Answer 16

have two complete sets of chromosomes, usually one from mom and one from dad

Question 17

define Alleles

Answer 17

copies of genes and may be alternative forms of the same gene

Question 18

define Genotype

Answer 18

specific genetic information or makeup

Question 19

define phenotype

Answer 19

actual physical expression, which is a product of genotype interacting with the environment

Question 20

define Homozygous

Answer 20

Individuals with two copies of the same allele at a particular locus

Question 21

define Heterozygous

Answer 21

two different alleles at the same locus

Question 22

define gene pool

Answer 22

all the alleles present within all individuals within a population

Question 23

what does little genetic variability mean?

Answer 23

population is less likely to adjust to changing environment

Question 24

define Heterozygosity

Answer 24

different alleles at one more loci for both populations and individuals

Question 25

define evolution

Answer 25

the theory that pertains to the process of continuous and gradual transformation of lines of descent from a common ancestor

Question 26

define species

Answer 26

naturally occurring group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 27

define subspecies

Answer 27

races are formally recognized subdivisions of a species whose members resemble one another to some extent and can interbreed but differ from other subdivisions

Question 28

define adaptation

Answer 28

the change in structure, physiology, behavior, or mode of life which allows species to adjust to their environment.

Question 29

define endangered species

Answer 29

species having difficulty adapting to their surroundings

Question 30

define convergent evolution

Answer 30

species with different origins and histories develop similar traits and characteristics that allow them to occupy similar niches

Question 31

define inbreeding

Answer 31

individuals mate with closely related individuals

Question 32

define inbreeding depression

Answer 32

a reduction in fitness or vigor due to increased homozygosity, also loss in ability to adapt

Question 33

define Outbreeding

Answer 33

mating with most distant relatives

Question 34

define Hybrids

Answer 34

offspring resulting form the matings of parents that are genetically unalike

Question 35

define Hybrid vigor

Answer 35

an increase in some phenotypic value of a hybrid relative relative to its parents, usually attributed to an increase in heterozygosity

Question 36

define Introgression

Answer 36

loss of species due to hybridization

Question 37

define Mutations

Answer 37

changes in the DNA of genes

Question 38

define Chromosome aberrations

Answer 38

chromosomal changes resulting from deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation

Question 39

What can Human Dimensions studies do?

Answer 39

1) Offers tools that improve manager’s abilities to represent the public in decision making
2) It can facilitate decisions that maximize desired consequences and societal benefits
3) It can yield the ability to predict human behavior
4) it identifies ways to affect human thought and behavior
5) They can improve accountability and cost efficiency in fish and wildlife management decision making

Question 40

Problems that exemplify human/wildlife challenges include:

Answer 40

1) conflict is rampant in wildlife policy making
2) Controversy surrounds how management should respond to the growing number of conflicts occurring between humans and wildlife at the urban/wildlife interface.
3) A steady decline in the number of traditional constituents
4) non-traditional forms of recreation have been revealed as highly popular forms of recreation
5) Wildlife values are shifting from a utilitarian to a protection orientation
6) the public has been increasingly drawn into the wildlife decision arena and their level of wildlife knowledge

Question 41

_____________ of the public remains one of the greatest challenges for the future

Answer 41

Education

Question 42

how does collecting human dimensions data take place?

Answer 42

Surveys
Focus Groups
Information Dissemination

Question 43

Important lessons learned in Human Dimensions:

Answer 43

1) people are important in sustaining fish and wildlife
2) there is a time when the issues and the people are ripe for a field of science to emerge
3) patience is needed
4) commitment and compassion of those involved is necessary for a long time

5) organizational leadership and ability are needed
6) communication devices are instrumental in building networks and exchanging information