final Flashcards
What is the characteristic of the INITIAL group stage?
Getting acquainted with each other, group norms, how the group functions/exploring fears and hopes, expectations, goals, and group safety/hesitation, fear, building trust
What is the characteristic of the TRANSITION stage?
anxiety, defensiveness, resistance, control issues, inter-member conflicts, conflict/challenge with leader, problematic behavior. Issues should be viewed in an inquisitive manner instead of confrontational
What is the characteristic of the WORKING stage?
members explore significant problems; they take responsibility for group direction and work involved, willing to volunteer for work and not wait to be called on. Deeper level of group cohesiveness
What is the characteristic of the FINAL stage?
healthy ending to relationships, choose what tools they will keep into their life, clarify and integrate their experience in the group, reflection of change over group time, follow up
In which Group stage are you dealing with personal issues?
Working Stage
Which group stage is applying what has been learned to everyday life?
Final stage is focused on conceptualization and reflect on what was learned in the group and decide how this new learning can become part of daily living
Which group stage are members focused on inclusion and identity?
Initial Stage
Which group stage are members dealing with fears and expectations?
Initial stage-common fears participants identify are: Will I accepted or rejected? Will others be able to understand me? I fear being hurt, what if the group attacks me? Etc.
What are the tasks of the PRE-GROUP stage?
consists of all factors involved I the formation of a group. Designing a proposal for a group attracting members, screening and selecting members and the orientation process
What are the tasks of the INITIAL stage?
of a group is a time of orientation and exploration. This phase is generally characterized by a degree of anxiety and insecurity about the group. As members get to know one another and learn how the group functions they develop norms that will govern the group, explore fears and expectations pertaining to the group, identify personal goals, clarify personal goals, clarify personal themes they want to explore and determine if the group is a safe place
What are the tasks of the TRANSITIONS stage?
members decides whether to take risks and speak of the things they may be holding back because of what others might think of them. Group leaders need to understand and respect the apprehension members experience and encourage them to explore any reluctance they may have in participating in the group.
What are the tasks of the WORKING stage?
a deeper level of explorations which builds on the significant work done in the initial and transition stages. The group is focused on making behavioral changes. Transition and working stage merge with one another. New conflicts may emerge as the group evolves. All members may not be able to function on the same level or intensity.
what are the tasks of the FINAL stage?
is a time to further identify what was learned and to decide how this new learning can become part of daily living. Group activities include termination, summarizing and pulling together loose ends.
What is the screening process in PRE-GROUP phase?
Leaders or co-leaders look for evidence that the group will be beneficial to the candidate. Person to person interview to see how motivated is this individual to change. To give the group leaders a sense of how this member might be in a group setting.
What is the best process of informing potential members that they cannot be a member of a group?
Being honest and direct letting they know that the group may not be appropriate for them. Offer assistance with dealing from the group rejection. Suggesting alternatives.
How does one deal with a member conflict in the group?
Conflict most common in the transition stage. It is crucial for the leader to respond and to facilitate a resolution of the conflict so the group can progress. Is critical that the leader teach the norm of appropriate and effective confrontation.
How does one deal with confidentiality in group?
a. Possibly have a signed a contract
b. Be addressed during the individual screening interview, and should be clarified at the initial group sessions. At appropriate times during the group, the leader can remind the members not to discuss identities or specific situations. If a member gives indications confidentiality is not respected, the leader has the responsibility to explore this with the group.
What are 3 myths about groups?
a. The group is a place to get emotionally high
b. Groups are places where people tear you down and they don’t rebuild you
c. The goal of a group is to leave feeling close and loving toward everyone in the group
What is the definition of group cohesion?
A sense of togetherness, belongingness, or community within a group
What are the characteristics of cohesion?
if group is attractive then cohesiveness may exist, done after working through conflict, cooperation among members, showing up on time. Effort to make group safe, willing to listen to each other, ongoing process, goals are jointly established.
What is the definition of group norms?
Shared beliefs about expected behaviors that can be expressed implicitly or explicitly. Aimed at functioning group.
What are the characteristics of group norms?
shapes the group. Collaborative. IMPLICT+= preconceived ideas about what takes place. May include inappropriate behavior. EXPLICT= standards of a group that are common of most groups (attendance, be active, feedback or opinion sharing, deal with here and now, provide support, listening.
What is here and now focus in groups?
Focusing in on what is occurring right now in the room. Present member to member interactions and the material for discussion.
What is resistance in groups?-there are 3
a. By labeling a group member as “resistive” your interventions are likely to be tainted.
b. Resistance is a result from fear, confusion, and/or cautiousness
c. Some fears a member can have are of rejection, to self-disclose, and emptiness
What are characteristics of WORKING groups?
a. Characterized by commitment of group members to explore significant problems and issues and to participate in the dynamics of the group.
b. Members assume greater responsibility for the work that occurs.
c. Trust, clear and specific goals, sense of inclusion, here-and-now-focus, free involvement in the work of others, risk-taking behavior, conflict dealt with positively, cohesion is high, use of self-determination, feedback given and received freely
d. Hopefulness, sensitive confrontation, clear communication, use of members as resources, awareness of group process, respect for value differences, cooperative development of norms, emphasis on combining thinking and feeling, use of out-of-group time to work on problems
What are different skills of feedback in groups?
a. Most effective when focused on observable and specific behaviors
b. Positive feedback more accepted than corrective feedback
c. Tends to be of higher quality in later stages of group
d. Should attempt to maintain balance between positive and corrective feedback.
How do you use humor in groups?
Productive, therapeutic, draw group together, coping strategy, see problems in new light, group work can be fun. Never use to embarrass, laughing with not all, trust first then humor.
How do you use leader self-disclosure in groups?
Be appropriate, timely, helpful and done for the good of the group members
What are the tasks of FINAL stage in group?
Dealing with feelings of separation, comparing early and later perceptions, dealing with unfinished business, reviewing the experience, practice for behavior change, carrying learning further, giving/receiving feedback, contracts and homework, dealing with setbacks
Why use storytelling in groups?
a. Beginning stages of group, some members may express themselves through telling stories
b. Can be used as a defense, talking about out-of-group life that is done in a detached manner
c. Sometimes needed to reveal their stories in ways that enable them to reach their personal goals
What are leader functions in forming a group?
Identify goals and purpose of a group, conduct pre-screening interviews, and organize the practical details for the group meetings
What are the leader functions in forming a group during PRE-GROUP screening?-there are 3
- Helping members decide if a particular group is for them and orienting members to how the group works
- Cannot rule out members due to past history
- Respectfully discuss reasons why a particular person is not accepted into a group
What is the leader functions in forming a group during the INITIAL stage?
Creating a support system, making contracts, review highlights of the group, teaching members about possible setbacks, and reminding members about confidentiality
What is the definition of genuineness?
implies congruence between a person’s inner experience and what he or she projects externally
What is the definition of hope?
the belief that change is possible
What is the definition of feedback?
- it is associated with increased motivation for change, greater insight into how one’s behavior affects others, increased willingness to take risks, and group members evaluating their group experience more positively
- It confirms that the message we intended to send was actually received
What is the definition of catharsis?
when people finally do express their stored-up pain and other unexpressed feelings, they typically report a tremendous physical and emotional release
What is resistant behavior?-there are 3
a. By labeling a group member as “resistive” your interventions are likely to be tainted.
b. Resistance is a result from fear, confusion, and/or cautiousness
c. Some fears a member can have are of rejection, to self-disclose, and emptiness
How do you address the use of jargon?-should ask members to do 3 things.
- Clarify vague terms
- To rephrase thoughts
- To use “I” instead of a generalized “you”
Which stage is characterized by dealing with conflict, defensiveness, and resistance?
Transition stage
Which stage is most clearly associated with dealing with personal issues and translating insights into action both in and outside of the group?
Working stage
Which stage has the focus of applying what has been learned in the group and putting it to use in everyday life?
Final Stage
Inclusion and identity are the primary tasks of which stage of group?
Initial Stage
Teaching participants how to get the most from a group, developing group norms, and assisting members to express their fears and expectations are all group leadership functions in each stage?
Initial Stage
Cohesion and productivity are most closely associated with which stage?
Working Stage
Although fears and expectations that members have pertaining to the group might be dealt with at any phase of a group’s development, they are generally addressed in what stage?
Initial stage
Characteristics such as fears of being judged, ambivalence about getting involved in deeper work, clinging to resistance, and increased anxiety are most likely to become manifest in what stage?
Initial stage
Consolidation of member learning and summarizing the meaning of the impact of the group experience is most associated with what stage?
Initial stage
Good job!
Yes, YOU!
You will do great!
Having positives helps during all this testing!
Graduation!
It’s close to the end!
What are the tasks of group leader during the formation of a group?
Develop proposal, present proposal, advertise group, conduct pre-group interviews for screening and orientation, provide information, decide selection of members, organize the details, obtain releases, meet with co-leader
What are the tasks of the group leader during the initial stage?
teach guidelines, develop rules and set norms, teach basic group process, assist members expressing fears and expectations, model behavior, be open, clarify responsibility, establish personal goals, teach members basic interpersonal skills
What are the tasks of the group leader during the transition stage?
teach members value or recognizing and dealing with conflict situations, assist members recognizing their own patterns, teach members to respect anxiety and defensive behavior, provide model, avoid labeling members, assist members becoming independent, encourage members to express reactions to here-and-now.
What are the tasks of the group leader during the working stage?
model appropriate behavior, support members’ willingness to take risks and assist them, interpret the meaning of behavior patterns, explore common themes, focus on the importance of insight into action, encourage members to practice new skills
What are the tasks of group leader during final stage?
assist members with feelings during termination, provide members express about unfinished business, reinforce changes members have made, assist members in determining how to apply skills, help members summarize changes, provide opportunities for feedback, reemphasize importance of maintaining confidentiality after group is over
What are the tasks after termination of group?
offer private consultations, provide a follow up group if applicable, provide specific referral resources, encourage members to continue to find supports, meet with co-leader, administer end-of-group assessment, document a summary report and file in records
How does a group leader respond to boredom during group?
The group leader can engage member by asking question similar to… “tell me more about what you’d like from me or what you’d like from the group.” The leader does not assume total responsibility for the boredom but explores mutual responsibility to make a meaningful and productive group. It can also be seen as a form of resistance.
