FINAL Flashcards
Platt Amendment (1901)
u.s would only withdraw its remaining troops from cuba if cuba met its conditions, the amendment limited cuba’s sovereignty by giving the u.s a certain level of authority. Cuba adopted the amendment into its constitution in order to end u.s occupation, and established the next 30 years of u.s/cuba relations
RMS Lusitania (1915)
British passenger ship sunk by german U-boats, the deaths of American passengers helped to propel the United States into world war 1
The Zimmerman Telegram (1917)
Telegram detailing germanys plan to form an alliance with mexico, thus if the u.s entered ww1 and mexico attacked the u.s, in the event of a mexican victory they could have the land the u.s annexed back, this got exposed to the public and the U.S entered ww1
Wilson’s 14 Points
Proposal for a new world order to prevent future conflicts on the scale of ww1- an association of nations, democratic self rule, disarmament, free trade, free seas, open diplomacy
League of Nations
product of wilson’s 14 points, an association of democratic nations designed to keep the peace and prevent future ww1 level conflicts, main component in establishing a new world order. Helped to create the international order we see today
Five Powers Treaty (1921)
US, Britain, Italy, Japan, France
disarmament treaty, first in modern history, froze battleship construction for 10 years, set tonnage limits for each navy
Kellogg-Briand pact (1928)
Outlawed War, an effort to force all future co flicks to be settled through other diplomatic means
Stimson Doctrine
U.S would not recognize any changes made internationally through the use of force/agression, virtually useless
The Nye Committee
Special committee on the investigation of the munitions industry, heightened debate on senate intervention, exposed merchants of death, nation realized businesses could steer it into war
Neutrality Acts
1935 - president could. not use the embargo selectively, could only decide when a state or war existed
1937 - added a ban on loan or credits
established cash and carry policy
Cash and Carry act
part of the 1937 neutrality act, other than arms ships can carry supplies as long as they pay cash and carry them on your own ships
Land lease
lend countries supplies and they pay back later, extended to countries critical to u.s defense, created when Britain couldn’t afford arms
Atlantic Charter
established at the atlantic conference in 1941, cements u.s and Gb friendship which was needed for victory in ww2, condemns nazi tyranny, embraces 4 freedoms, establishes humanitarian war aims
Pearl Harbor ( dec 7th 1941)
Japanese attack on u.s, naval base in hawaii, the day that will live in infamy, pushed the u.s into ww2
The Manhattan project
over 100’000 scientists from us canada and gb work to create the atomic bomb because germany had discovered fission, lead to the creation of the atomic bomb and a nuclear world
Yalta
conference between us uk and ussr leaders to plan german defeat
Potsdam - 1945
conference which established new big 3 , attlee truman and stalin ( new world order post ww2)
Truman Doctrine - 1947
goal was to contain the soviet geopolitical threat, us must support people trying to resist subjugation ( BY COMMUNISTS )
The Marshall plan
all european nations could request u.s assistance in rebuilding their economies in order to prevent the conditions which allow communism to flourish
NATO - 1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, designed to be able to fight the soviets army, u.s and european nations allied together
NSC - 68
report from the national security council received by truman in 1950, shapes decades of cold war policy “ forget containment, let’s win”. increased defense spending from 13 to 50 billion. encouraged development of the h-bomb
Korea
korean war fought as part of cold war
Bay of Pigs
invasion of cuba by the united states in an effort to “ stop castro and communism??”
u.s had ended relations with cuba a few years prior and had bad relations with castro due to cold war
conflict
Cuban missile crisis
yk
Berlin Crisis
berlin is divided into the middle
of east germany, khrushchev wants us to terminate western access to berlin, kennedy refuses. Big conflict and escalation between u.s and soviets, lead to creation of berlin wall
The gulf of Tonkin resolution (1964)
allows the president to take action against another country without congressional approval in case of an emergency ( created as a result of gulf of tonkin incident)
Tet offensive
North vietnamese attack, attacks four major south vietnamese cities and the us embassy in saigon. us regains lost territory but this shows the war is far from over
Nixon Doctrine
U.S will shift the burden of containment to some of its allies, signifies decline in u.s power
Detente
u.s will make comsessions in arm race to help with the strain it places on the soviets and in exchange the soviets will pressure north vietnam to negotiate
China Card
u.s will open up diplomatic relations with china- marks significant shift in cold war policy
SALT
strategic arms limitation talks, pledge to not develope new system of anti ballistic missiles,agree to limit number of intercontinental ballistic missiles
Henry Kissinger
National security adviser and secretary of states caught up in watergate, realist, took a covert approach to foreign policy which he shaped in the 70’s,
War Powers act 1973
president had to consult congress if possible when committing troops, required an explanation within 2 days and troops had to be withdrawn in 80 if congress did not approve
Bretton Woods
creates imf and world bank, ties other currencies to the dollar and the dollar to gold
Dumbarton Oaks
us uk soviet union and china come
together
to create what would eventually become the united nations
Eisenhower Doctrine
us would aid middle eastern countries threatened by revolution or the ussr
Isolationism
John Foster Dulles
secretary of state, helped to build NATO
Progressive Diplomacy
Roosevelt corollary
added use of u.s military force to monroe doctrine principles
Sputnik
soviet satellite ( first ever) kicked off space race portion of cold war
U -2
Suez Crisis
From colony to superpower U. S foreign relations since 1776
George C. Herring
Major Problems in American foreign relations documents and essays
Dennis Merril and Thomas g. Paterson
detente was at the top of nixon agenda
from colony to superpower
Racism lead the u.s to believe that latin american cultures were more inherently prone to communist ideology’s
From colony to superpower
“ Americans were horrified by hitlers persecution of the jews”
from colony to superpower
Wilson anti war policy, league of nations, slogan “ he kept us out of the war
Major Problems in u.s foreign relations
