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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

a period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries

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2
Q

Rousseau

A

stressed the equality of all people
-“Champion” of Individual freedom

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3
Q

Sir Issac Newton

A

Father of Modern Calculus
-created the theory of gravity

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4
Q

Nicolas Copernicus

A

proposed the Heliocentric theory

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5
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Father of Modern Science
-built the 1st telescope
-first to discover the moon
-proved the heliocentric theory right

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6
Q

Heliocentric theory

A

sun was the center of the universe

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7
Q

Enlightenment

A

intellectual movement that stressed reason, logic, and freedom of thought rather than faith/religion and supersition

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8
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Father of Modern Day Dictaorship
-he said the purpose of gov. was to impose peace, safely, and order
-he believed the best gov. was absolute monarchy total control

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9
Q

John Locke

A

Father of Modern Democratic Republic
-he said the purpose of gov. was to protect people natural rights
-he believed the best government was Enlightenment Monarchy

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10
Q

Voltaire

A

stressed freedom of speech and religion

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11
Q

Adam Smith

A

Father of Capitalism
-promoted market economy

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12
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

greatest American enlightenment thinker

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13
Q

Geocentric Theory

A

the earth was the center of the universe

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14
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Father of Modern Biology
-discovered the cell

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15
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Father of Modern Chemistry
-first to define on element

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16
Q

Philosophes

A

thinkers of the Enlightenment

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17
Q

Birthplace of the Enlightenment

A

France

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18
Q

Salons

A

social gatherings where the thinkers get together and discuss

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19
Q

Montesque

A

stressed gov. need a separation of powers

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20
Q

Diderot

A

“Father of Google”
-created the Encyclopedia

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21
Q

Imperialism

A

take over of a weak country by a stronger country

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22
Q

social darwinism

A

survival of the fittest=strongest nation will survive

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23
Q

racism

A

belief that European culture was superior

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24
Q

david livingstone

A

1st european to explore africa

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25
henry stanley
journalist that found dr. livingstone
26
king leopold II
king of Belgium that made the Congo his private planation, enslaving and exploting the locals for rubber and ivory
27
Joseph Conrad
wrote "Heart of Darkness''
28
Rudyard Kipling
wrote "White Man's Burden"
29
what was the nickname of the Dutch?
Boers
30
Shaka
Zulu chief that defended his land
31
Great Trek
A migration of Dutch colonists out of British-controlled territory in South Africa during the 1830s.
32
Apartheid
"separateness" policy of segregation in South Africa
33
Nelson Mandela
Father of Africa
34
Cecil Rhodes
POWERFUL brit businessman that founded his own colony Rhodesia-today Zimbabwe
35
Paternalism
policy where europeans governed weaker countries like their parents
36
Assimilation
policy where weaker nations give up their culture and adopt the European's (have to act and look like them)
37
Maji Maji Rebellion
east africans thought magic water would protect them but it resulted in 75000 of them being killed
38
Geopolitics
interest in a land for its strategic location and products
39
Florence Nightingale
Lady with the Lamp- Founder of modern nursing
40
Mohammed Ali
ruler of Egypt that modernizes country and build canal for trade
41
Suez Canal
canal that connects the Red Sea + Mediterranean Sea that became "lifeline of the British Empire"
42
Ferdinand de Lesseps
engineer that built the Suez Canal
43
sepoys
Indian Soldiers
44
Raj
Portion of Indian controlled by Brits
45
British Viceroys
governors that ruled diff providences in Raj
46
Queen Victoria
queen of Great Britian
47
Mohandas Gandhi
Father of India
48
Anna Leonowens
British Teacher
49
china
big prize of imperalism
50
Open Door Policy
policy proposed by US to have China open trade w/any country that wants to trade w/it.
51
Boxer Rebellion
attempt to drive out foreign devils from China -attempt was crushed
52
Korea
colony of japan
53
Monroe Doctrine
statement that all pwrs could not imepralize the Americas
54
Queen Liliuokalani
monarch of Hawaii
55
Emilio Aguinaldo
led the Philippines
56
WWI
brought an end to imperialism
57
Revolution
a sudden radical, complete change
58
What was the name of the social and political structure of France?
Ancient Regime
59
church officials
first estate
60
nobility
second estate
61
common people
third estate
62
Bourgeoisie
merchants, doctors, lawyer, etc.
63
Artisans
skilled trade
64
Peasants
famer, city workes
65
King during French rev
Louis XVI
66
Queen during French rev
Marie Antoinette(nickname: Madam Deficit)
67
Versailles
Monarch's 800 room summer house
68
Estates General
the representative assembly of the three estates
69
Tennis Court Oath
Oath stating that the will not leave the tennis court until the written constitution was made
70
Storming of the Bastille
started the rev
71
What was the Great Fear?
a rumor that the king will send foreign troops to punish the 3rd estate
72
2 documents did the National Assembly wrote
1. France's first written constitution 2. The Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen
73
Constitution
new form of goverment
74
Women's March
7000 women march to Versailles and demand bread and for the king to return to Paris
75
What was France's new government?
Constitutional monarchy
76
Legislative Assembly
replaced the Natonal Assembly
77
3 factions of the Legis. Assem.
1. Royalist: conservatives -nobles 2. Girondists: moderates -bourgeoisie 3. Jacobins: radicals -san culottes
78
Royalist
favor the monarchy
79
Girondists
favor constitution
80
Jacobins
Favor the republic
81
Émigrés
fleeing of a mass of nobles due to fear for life
82
Why do many countries declare war on France?
they didn't want the revolutionary ideas to spread to their country
83
Maximilien Robespierre
France's ruler during the revolution
84
Form of Death during french rev
guillotine
85
Committe of Public Safety
court system of 12 men set up to stamp out the opposition of the revolution
86
Place de la Creve
place of execution
87
George Danton
second in command to Robespierre and had Robespierre be-headed
88
When did the Reign of Terror end?
When Robespierre was executed
89
the Directory
5 men group that ruled (lasted 4 yrs)
90
Napolean Bonaparte
-born in Corsia -military genius who became King of France
91
coup d'ètat
taking a state by force- blow to state
92
Consulate
group of 3 counsuls
93
Concordat
an agreement to give the Catholic church their lands and some power
94
Napoleonic code
law code: code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, appointed people to public office based on merit(ability) rather than birth connections.
95
Plebiscite
vote of people
96
Josephine
first wife of Napolean
97
Marie Louise
second wife of Napolean gave him a son, Napoleon II
98
Toussaint L'Ouverture
led the slave uprising and allowed Haiti to gain it's independence
99
Napoleonic Wars
7 wars from 1792-1815 against the European 4 coalitions
100
coalition
European military alliances
101
Nationalism
loyalty to your country
102
Battle of Trafalgar
vs British, led by Horatio Nelson, defeat of Napoleon's forces at sea attempt to capture great britian
103
Battle of Austerlitz
the greatest victory of Napoleon's career
104
3 mistakes Napoleon made
1. Continental System 2. Peninsular War 3. Russian Campaign
105
Guerilla warefare
fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids
106
Battle of Leipzig
3 Coalition's defeat Napoleon and his allies; this battle led to Napoleon's exile
107
where was Napoleon first exiled?
island of elba
108
Louis XVIII
king that everyone hated after Napoleon
109
the Hundred Days
Napoleon's last bid for power
110
4th Coalition
led by Duke of Wellington that crushed Napoleon @ Battle of Waterloo
111
where was Napoleon exiled for the 2nd time?
St. Helena
112
oasis
green areas fed by undergroud water
113

World History final (1 decks)

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