Final Flashcards
A&R agents
talents scouts in music business
affiliated stations
radio, tv stations (independently owned)
agenda-setting
determine major topics of discussions for individuals and society
analog
signals made of radio waves
bandwagon effect
strategy, exaggerated claims of product must haves
blogs
sites that contain article, reader comments, links to other articles
cinema verité
french=> truth film of everyday life, shaky handheld cameras
Communications Act 1934
established FCC, federal regulatory structure of U.S. broadcasting
conflict of interest
situation, journalist benefits personally from news report
convergence
technological merging of media content
copyright
legal right of author + producer of published/unpublished writing, music, lyrics, tv program etc.
corporation of public broadcasting CPB
private, nonprofit corporation created by congress 1967
cultural imperialism
american media, fashion, food dominating global marie, shaping other cultures and identities of other nations
data mining
unethical gathering of data online
demographics
the study of audience or consumers by age, gender, occupation, etc.
desktop publishing
technology that enables publisher/editor inexpensively to write, design lay out, print small magazine/newspaper
digital communication
images, texts, sounds that are converted into electronic signals
digital divide
those who can or cannot afford digital technology + media
dime novels
cheaply produced + low-priced novels, popular beginning 1860s
direct payment
payments by consumers for book, CD, movie
e-book
digital book read on computer or electronic device
economies of scale
economic process of increasing production and reducing overall cost
e-publishing
internet based publishing
ethnocentrism
judging other countries/cultures by how they live up to american practices and ideals
evergreen subscriptions
subscriptions that automatically renew
Fairness Doctrine (1987)
provide competing points of view (sex. rape of kids)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
independent U.S. agency regulating radio, tv, satellite, cable
focus groups
research method, small group discussions about a product/issue
format
concept where stations play specific music styles to listeners’ age, race, gender 9management controls programming, not deejays)
gatekeepers
editors/producers=> message filters, decide what messages get produced
Hegemony
acceptance of values by people with lower power of people with higher power
Herd Journalism
stake out of journalist crowd in front of celebrities house
high culture
symbolic expression “good taste”, associated with fine art (ballet, museums)
Hollywood Ten
nine screenwriters, one director got blacklisted, HUAC
human-interest-story
focus on trials of human condition, individuals facing extraordinary challenges
Hypodermic-Needle-Model
model that attempted to explain effects of media on weak audience
Indecency
government may punish broadcasters for inappropriate content
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
company, provides internet access to homes/businesses for free
inverted-pyamid style
new reports begin with most newsworthy stories
kinetoscope
early film projection system
libel
defamation(Beschämen) of a character
limited competition
many producers and sellers but only few products within particular category
lobbying
process of attempting to influence voting of lawmakers to support client’s interest
magazine
nondaily periodical collection of articles, stories and ads
market research
techniques to assess behaviors and attitudes of consumers
mass communication
designing+delivering cultural messages/stories to a large audiences
mass media
cultural industries that distribute songs, novels, news, movies, etc.
media literacy
understanding of process to develop critical thinking tools
monopoly
structure, single firm controls all
muckrakers
investigative journalists
National Public Radio NPR)
noncommercial radio, establish ed 1967, alternative by the congress
network
broadcast process that links radio or tv stations
news
process of gathering information
newshole
space-leftover in a newspaper
newsworthiness
journalists determine which event/issue should become news reports
Obscenity (Unanständigkeit)
not protected speech if meeting all 3 tests (sexual-related content)
olipology
organizational structure, few firms control
online piracy
illegal uploading/downloading songs, movies,
papyrus
first substance to hold written language/symbols
Paramount decision (1948)
supreme court decision that ended vertical integration in film industry
parchment
treated animal skin that replaced papyrus
partisan press
early dom. style of american journalism distinguished by opinion newspapers
pass-along readership
total number of people who came in contact with single copy of magazine (others paid for magazine and passed it along)
payola
unethical(not always illegal) practice of paying deejays to play particular songs over others
penny papers
newspaper that dropped prices to 1 cent, making papers affordable to working and middle class
photojournalism
the use of photos to document events + people’s lives
podcasting (iPod+broadcasting)
enables listeners to download audio files from internet to computer + digital music players
pop music
music that appeals to wide cross section of public, used to distinguish popular music from classical music
press agents
earliest type of public relation practitioners
press releases
announcements, written in form of newspapers; give info about individual, company, organization, or idea
prime time
in TV, hours between 8pm-11pm
printing press
first method of mass production, reduced size+cost of books
product placement
ad practice, placing products in movies, TV shows, comic books, video games
propaganda
communication strategy, tries to manipulate public opinion to gain support for special issue
publicity
pos.+neg. messages that spread controlled+uncontrolled info about a person, corporation, issue
public relations
communication strategy by a person, gov., orga. to reach and persuade audience to adopt a point of view
Public Service Announcement (PSA)
reports or announcements, carried by free radio, TV stations that promote gov. programs, educational projects etc.
rating
TV audience measurement of households tuned to a particular program
receivers
targets of messages crafted by senders
right to privacy
a person’s right to be left alone without becoming public property
rock’n’roll
music that merges african-americaninfluences of urban blues, gospel, R&B with white influences of country, folk, pop vocals
scientific method
research model, studies phenomena in systematic stages, identifying research problem, reviewing existing research, etc.
selective retention
audiences remember messages/meanings that correspond to their beliefs
slogan
catchy phrase to sell a product
small-town pastoralism
favors the small over the large, rural over urban
social learning theory
media effects research, suggests link between mass media + behavior (see violence, act violent)
social media
allows people worldwide to communicate, share common interests, manage own content online
sound bite
person who is interviewed on street about event or issue
spiral of silence
keeping their views silent to fit in the group
stereo
recording two separate channels or tracks of sound
studio system
early film prod. system, major film studios controlled actors, directors, editors, etc.
syndication
leasing TV stations the right to air shows
synergy
promotion and sale of a product
Telecommunication Act 1996
update of telecommunication laws
third screens
computer-type screens, consumers can view television, movies, music, newspapers, books
time shifting
process, TV viewers record shows to watch later
uses and gratification model
research model, in-depth interviews + survey questionnaires to satisfy desires and needs
vertical integration
controlling mass media industry at 3 levels: production, distribution, exhibition
viral marketing
short videos+other content, gaining widespread attention by word of mouth, sharing online
wire services
commercial organizations, share news stories+ info by relaying them around via satellite
yellow journalism
newspaper style, high-interst stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, serious reports that expose corruption in business + government
