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PPA 265 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

know final

1
Q

Accountability

A

A relationship between people and actions

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2
Q

Whistleblowers

A

individuals who take it upon themselves to disclose activities they believe were wrong

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3
Q

rule of law

A

search for legal boundaries to constrain and channel administrative action

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4
Q

Politics administration dichotomy

A

separating politics from administration

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5
Q

Progress accountability

A

concerned with how agencies perform their tasks

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6
Q

program accountability

A

is a public program achieving its purpose as defined by law

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7
Q

ethical behavior

A

pursuit of this in government raises a tradeoff, we dont want to drive away good people but we want them to be chosen carefully to follow our standards

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8
Q

administrative state

A

public administrations role in society has become pervasive (widespread)

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9
Q

administrative responsibility

A

insists that bureaucracy be held accountable to elected officials

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10
Q

Myths of big government

A
  1. Washington is the center of the big govt problem
  2. Let’s take govt back to Reagan era small govt
  3. Lets cut govt by cutting back number of fed employees
  4. Lets cut waste fraud and abuse
  5. abolishing agencies will shrink govt
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11
Q

special purpose governments

A

most local governments, school districts airport ops, a narrow focus

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12
Q

Direct tools

A

things done most likely by local govts that cause direct action. Direct administration. There are also indirect tools

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13
Q

Government Contracts

A

When the govt signs a formal agreement with private parties government agrees to pay a certain amount of money in exchange for good or service

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14
Q

Government by proxy

A

proxy
use of third party agents to deliver programs that the government funds

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15
Q

Characteristics of Public admin

A
  1. career service but headed by relative amateurs who serve for short period of time
  2. performance measure, govt cant test performance
  3. Competing standards, public admin expected to manage efficiency and equitably
  4. public scrutiny
  5. persuasion
  6. scope of authority, legally required to administer the law
  7. Oversight
  8. Policy execution
  9. Policy Formation
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16
Q

Antideficiency act

A

forbids officials from spending money on any purpose thats not explicitly authorized

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17
Q

Humanist approach

A

A challenge to hierarchy. Condemns the impersonality of bureaucratic hierarchies and demands for humanizing orgs

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18
Q

Fiscal accountability

A

ensures that agency officials spend money on the programs they are supposed to spend money on

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19
Q

voice

A

one way workers can deal with something bad happening, promotes accountability. they stand their ground and fight for what is right

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20
Q

exit

A

resigning from position sometimes with a public attack

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21
Q

Pluralist approach

A

emphasizes realities of political life focuses on fundamentally political model of organizational interactions

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22
Q

Principals and agents

A

principals are elected officials who make policy and delegate power to agents. subordinates have a contract to do their tasks not just doing them because a higher up told them too

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23
Q

Characteristics of authority in agencies

A
  1. Principals and agents
  2. Narrow and legally defined specialization
  3. Internally divided specialized structure
  4. Role of the game, agency identifies who does what
  5. Staff of experts
  6. An outside definition of roles and responsibilities
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24
Q

Classical Model of Power Structure

A

Clear jurisdictions of power
prime goal is efficiency
Bases of organizations, can be structured to four different strategies: (1)purpose, (2) process, (3)clientele, (4)place.
Focus purpose at the top
Span of control
single head of agencies
separate line and staff

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25
Q

Bureaucratic Model of Power Structure

A

focuses on the roots of authority within organizations

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26
Q

Systems theory

A

sees organizational work as set of related parts and seeks to generalize about all organizations,
Closed system = organization as a machine no outside influences
Open system= organization is like a biological organism

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27
Q

System boundaries

A

defines authority

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28
Q

System Purpose

A

every organization system has this motivator which translates into outputs

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29
Q

Interweaving

A

Increased reliance on third parties

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30
Q

Core functions of executive branch

A
  1. Managing Money
  2. Maintaining Internal Law and Order
  3. Keeping the Country Safe
  4. Managing Country’s foreign affairs
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31
Q

Cabinet

A

15 exec departments
some department and agencies perform more of their missions themselves while other agencies rely on third parties because they are interwoven with private and nonprofit sectors

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32
Q

Independent agencies

A

1/10th of fed govt employees. SSA s much of that spending and employees some are government corporations

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33
Q

Regulatory Commissions

A

rely on complex tools, licensing rate fixing etc to control parts of economy

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34
Q

bureaus

A

principal operating org in agencies

35
Q

field offices

A
  1. most govt ops happens away from hq 2. common strategies for organizing field works is by ask and area, areal system each region has single national office to oversee all agents in the area regardless of dept affiliations
36
Q

Problems of exec. management

A
  1. Top elected execs not good at managerial things and few have interest in administration and need to tend politics to survive
  2. Officials often develop independent power bases among legislators and interest groups and dont stay long
  3. Interdepartmental friction points have multiplied
37
Q

Office of Management and Budget

A

Main function is budget but has others
Legislative clearance
review of congressional legislation
review of proposed agency legislation
management review
intelligence about exec branch ops

38
Q

National Security council

A

focus of presidential foreign policy making

39
Q

Organizational values

A

(1) Neutral Competence
(2) Executive Leadership
(3)Representatives

40
Q

Horizontal and Vertical coordination

A

vertical : superior of two opposing agencies makes decision other agencies
Horizontal: agencies coordinate with each other to determine specific boundaries

41
Q

neutral competence

A

calls for the creation of a highly skilled bureaucracy insulated from the political interference that can undermine efficiency

42
Q

organization criteria

A

-Public acceptance
-Adaptability
-Consistency of decisions
-Professional Competence
-Participation representation and diversity
-Effective database
- accountability to the president
cost and timeliness
- promotion of private efficiency
- accountability to congress
- compatibility with state regulation

43
Q

Fire Alarm Oversight

A
  • legislators focus their oversight on problems as they arise
44
Q

Police Patrol Oversight

A
  • Legislators conduct routine patrols explaining the implementation of programs
45
Q

purpose of oversight

A
  • assurance that administrators follow legislative intent
  • investigation of instances of fraud waste and abuse
  • collection of information
  • evaluation of program effectiveness
  • protection of legislative prerogatives
  • personal advocacy
  • reversal of unpopular actions
46
Q

legislative review

A
  • legislative oversight
    -authorizing committees
  • appropriations committees
  • committees on govt ops
  • members serve on multiple committees
    every dept. of govt has countless committees in charge of oversight
47
Q

barriers to information flow

A
  • secrecy
  • executive privilege
  • administrative confidentiality
48
Q

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

A
  • was used for accounting at inception, but now gives advice to govt officials on programs
    -created in 1921
49
Q

Characteristics of accountability

A
  • Voluntary Compliance
  • Standard Setting
  • Monitor
  • Sanctions
50
Q

Principles to make accountability work

A

Independence to control and insulate from corrupting forces
redundancy multiplying control agencies with overlapping jurisdictions increase chance of causing problems this can also be bad

51
Q

Big questions of accountability

A
  • Decay
  • Evidence
  • Narrow Slices
  • Interweaving
  • Administrative Law
  • Federalism
52
Q

4 basic principles of civil servants

A
  • hire by merit
  • pay according to position
  • protections from political interference
  • obligation to accountability
53
Q

Position Classification

A

Position id as special knowledge required + responsibilities grade level captures difficulty fifteen GS levels 1-8 clerical position

54
Q

Grade Creep

A

system creates this tendency for agencies to multiply number of high admin positions roles or seek higher classification for existing positions higher pay = easier to get good employees

55
Q

Hiring Process

A
  • Moves to replace civil service exam + KSAs w detailed resumes
  • rule of three top 3 candidates but move s slowly that another candidate may already been hired
  • veterans get a five point bonus in hiring
  • very diverse workforce
56
Q

Promotion System

A
  1. Career service
  2. Face to face assessment
  3. Flexibility
  4. Chain reaction (promotion from within)
    - very few govt workers are fired but sometimes tight budgets force reductions in force
57
Q

unionization

A

some states have moved away from collective bargaining dont have same rights to strike

58
Q

the hatch act

A

No employee in exec branch of fed govt shall take part in political campaigns

59
Q

Revolving Door

A

Prevent from using govt contracts to pull business for new employer

60
Q

Human Capital

A

quality of govt depends on quality of workers but how good is govt at matching people to jobs

61
Q

4 issues with workers in fed govt

A
  1. leadership
  2. human capital planning
  3. retaining talent
  4. results oriented culture
62
Q

senior executives/administrators

A
  • ses (senior executive service) 7,700 employees 575 prez appointees
    ECQ 1: leading change
    2: leading people
    3.Results Driven
    4. Business Acumen
    5. Building Coalition
63
Q

Obama reform of Senior Executive Service

A

limit performance awards pay more than people they supervise streamline application process try out other jobs

64
Q

regulation

A
  • defines how administrators do what they are expected to do by the laws
  • balance individual freedom
65
Q

economic regulation

A

ensure competition by preventing monopolies regulates entry to a business, prices, safety, standards of service

66
Q

spillover effects

A
  • if paper mill discharges in river downstream communities have to pay cleanup better to send problems downstream
67
Q

cost-benefit analysis

A

govt should not impose new regulations whose benefits exceeds cost of complying with them. Its difficult because cost is straightforward whereas benefits are often not monetary

68
Q

risk assessment

A

govt analysts assess risk in deciding how to regulate industry some risks better for progress

69
Q

administrative rulemaking

A

one basic regulatory approach by admin agencies agencies set broad standards that apply to all persons and orgs meeting guidelines

70
Q

Adjudication

A

Other regulatory approach judges within agencies hear individual cases cases accumulate into body of rules

71
Q

rational approach

A

maximizes efficiency

72
Q

bargaining approach

A

maximizes political support

73
Q

participative decision making

A

improve decisions by involving those affected

74
Q

public choice

A

substitute market like alternatives for other incentives that distort decisions

75
Q

Rational-decision making

A
  • define goals/problems
  • identify alternatives
  • calculate the consequences for each option
  • decide
  • begin again
76
Q

Information Asymmetry

A

subordinates(agents) know more than their superiors (principals)

77
Q

Revenue Forecast

A

a plan for managing the differences between the spending and the revenue

78
Q

Fiscal Policy

A

the government taxation and spending that affect the economy

79
Q

Macroeconomics

A

Study of the broad interactions between governments economic activity and the behavior of that economy

80
Q

Monetary policy

A

created by the federal reserve to manage interest rates and the money supply

81
Q

The Budget Accounting Act (1921)

A
  • created the modern presidency
    -divided the budget functions into 3 sections
    1. Budget preparation and execution in the executive branch
    2. Budget appropriation and past audit in the legislative branch
    3. Shared executive-legislative authority over budget control
82
Q

Legitimacy

A

building public support for programs, not only among stakeholders but also in political commitment to pursuing public goals; can be achieved through the 10 core strategy

83
Q

Incrementalism

A
  • describes how budgeting works and prescribes how it should work
  • central theory of bottom-up budgeting
  • created by Aaron Wildavsky

PPA 265 (1 decks)

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