Final Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What is “an exaggerated or distorted belief that attributes characteristics to members of a particular group, simplistically lumping them together and refusing to acknowledge differences among members of the group”?

Privilege

Oppression

Stereotype

Prejudice

Answer

A

Stereotype

Question 2

Q

What is “the combination of prejudice and institutional power which creates a system that discriminates against some groups (often called “target groups”) and benefits other groups (often called “dominant groups”)?
Stereotype

Prejudice

Institutional Power

Oppression

Answer

A

Oppression

Question 3

Q

What is “the ability or official authority to decide what is best for others. The ability to decide who will have access to resources. This is also known as the capacity to exercise control over others.
Institutional Power

Privilege

Oppression

Stereotype

Answer

A

Institutional Power

Question 4

Q

What is “a judgment or opinion that is formed on insufficient grounds before facts are known or in disregard of facts that contradict it. They are learned and can be unlearned”?
Privilege

Oppression

Stereotype

Prejudice

Answer

A

Prejudice

Question 5

Q

What “operates on personal, interpersonal, cultural, and institutional levels and gives advantages, favors, and benefits to members of dominant groups at the expense of members of target groups”?
Institutional Power

Stereotype

Privilege

Oppression

Answer

A

Privilege

Question 6

Q

True or False: Prejudice involves an individual judgement that is based on non-factual information, whereas a stereotype usually lumps a group of people together and usually starts with “All (insert identity group) people”.

Question 7

Q

What are the Four Levels of Oppression?
Please provide an example of what each level of oppression could look like in our society.

Answer

A

Personal: not feeling safe to believe what you believe outside of your own home, Interpersonal: peers not respecting one’s first spoken language (not English), Institutional: gov’t policies that aid certain groups of people over others, & Cultural: Muslim religious rights not allowed to be practiced

Question 8

Q

In the video “America: Mosaic or Melting Pot”, what was Kenji Yoshino’s main argument regarding diversity? Did he believe that America should be a Melting Pot or a Mosaic? Do you agree with his argument? Why or why not?

Answer

A

Kenji Yoshino believed that America should be more of a mosaic because it would allow the freedom of all to practice, flaunt, and observe their identity and be proud of it rather than feel they need to cover or hide their identity to fit in. I agree! I think that everyone should be able to show their true self and not feel ashamed or unsafe. Being open and able to see everyone else’s identity enables others to see what’s “different” from their own and that “different” is okay and valued.

Question 9

Q

What is “a set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group”?
Race

Identity

Self

Diversity

Question 10

Q

What is “unearned access to resources (social power) only readily available to some people as a result of their advantaged social group membership”?
Privilege

Class

Hierarchy

Targeted

Answer

A

Privilege

Question 11

Q

What term is used when talking about “the presence of people on a campus who differ in terms of race, culture, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and ability”? It also means the presence of different opinions, political views, and academic passions.
Privilege

Institutional Power

Oppression

Diversity

Answer

A

Diversity

Question 12

Q

What is “a life-long process of self-reflection, self-critique, continual assessment of power imbalances, and the development of mutually respectful relationships and partnerships”?
Privilege

Cultural Competence

Cultural Humility

Diversity

Answer

A

Cultural Humility

Question 13

Q

True or False: Social group is how other people see me, whereas social identity is how I see myself.

Question 14

Q

True or False: Heterosexual people are an example of the oppressed social group when talking about Heterosexism as a system of oppression.

Question 15

Q

True/False

The primary dimensions of identity (Race/ Ethnicity) have a significant impact throughout one’s life, whereas the secondary dimensions of identity (Income/ Geographical Location) change throughout one’s life and have less of an impact.

Question 16

Q

True or False: By 2050, the Caucasian population will increase in percentage and the African American, Hispanic, and Asian population will decrease in percentage.

Question 17

Q

According to Andersen and Collins (2018), why does Race, Class, and Gender still matter in society? How can you make a connection between Inclusive Thinking and Cultural Humility based on the video we watched on Tuesday?

Answer

A

It matters because it is still an issue in society. To say that it is not important is saying that the experiences and identities of people don’t matter and are not valued. It’s important to acknowledge that Race, Class, and Gender impact individuals and in using inclusive thinking one can practice cultural humility. By seeing people for all that they are instead of one factor or trait you can include it in your other oriented view of society.

Question 18

Q

What is “the belief that there are innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of males and the inferiority of females”?
Racism

Heterosexism

Sexism

Ageism

Question 19

Q

What refers to “the political and ideological domination of women in society”?
Gender Control

Male Hegemony

Prejudice

Institutional Power

Answer

A

Male Hegemony

Question 20

Q

What is a system where “masculine behaviors and thought patterns are seen as the norm”?
Matriarchy

Oligarchy

Patriarchy

Democracy

Answer

A

Patriarchy

Question 21

Q

What sociological phenomenon explains how sexism keeps women from getting to higher levels within the workforce?
Sexism

Patriarchy

Glass Ceiling Effect

Matriarchy

Answer

A

Glass Ceiling Effect

Question 22

Q

True or False: A matriarchy is a society in which men dominate.

Question 23

Q

True or False: Sex is biological (male/female) whereas gender is socially constructed (man/woman).

Question 24

Q

Using what we learned in the lectures from this week, how could you use “The Cycle of Oppression” (Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression) to explain the “Glass Ceiling Effect” as a form of sexist oppression in the work place?

Answer

A

Stereotype: Women aren’t smart enough to be CEO. Prejudice: way of thinking that discourages women from taking leadership roles in workforce; assuming that women aren’t smart enough. Discrimination: put downs, lack of hiring, no opportunities for growth or promotions because of being a woman. Oppression: Due to the discrimination, women are unable to achieve a high enough intelligence level, not fostered to become a leader, and are made to feel less than and encouraged to settle for less. This Glass Ceiling Effect gets perpetuated with their own daughters and other women thus starting the cycle over.

Question 25

Q

According to Kimmel (Ted Talk Video), why is gender equality good for everyone? In your opinion, using what you learned this week, what is one thing society can do to work toward gender equality in this country?

Answer

A

Gender equality is good for everyone according to Kimmel because when men and women are allowed to feel equal and valued all aspects of their lives are healthier. Women feel free to explore, grow, & engage in healthy behaviors. Men are happier because their wives are healthier, they don’t feel the pressure to be “top dog” or “in charge” all the time, & it allows their stress levels to decline. One thing that society can do to work towards gender equality is to back the pressure to stay in your own gender box off. Encourage and support those who are confident enough to explore outside of the pre-formed box and correct those that believe it’s improper to step outside the norm.

Question 26

Q

What is “an assumption of heterosexuality and the heterosexual perspective as the predominant or meaningful viewpoint”?
Classism

Racism

Heterosexism

Homophobia

Answer

A

Heterosexism

Question 27

Q

What is “an irrational fear of gay and lesbian people or fear of same-sex relationships. In its most extreme form, it is a hatred for or violence against LGBT persons”?
Systemic Oppression

Glass Ceiling Effect

Heterosexism

Homophobia

Answer

A

Homophobia

Question 28

Q

What is “the use of power to deprive LGBT people of their human rights (i.e. parental, employment, survival benefits, etc.) and to unjustly exclude them from functioning “normally” as members of society”?
Heterosexist Oppression

Institutional Power

Discrimination

Homophobia

Answer

A

Heterosexist Oppression

Question 29

Q

According to hooks, what is Feminism? Hint: The definition she provided, not what she said the mainstream definition is.
Feminism is the fight to be equal to men.

Feminism is a movement to end sexist oppression

Feminism is the need to oppress men.

Feminism is voting rights for women.

Answer

A

Feminism is a movement to end sexist oppression.

Question 30

Q

True or False: Showing affection in public safely and comfortably, without fear of harassment or violence is an example of heterosexual privilege.

Question 31

Q

True/false

In 67 countries sexual activity between consenting adults of the same sex is illegal.

Question 32

Q

How does heterosexism impact the experiences of LGBTQ+ students in higher education? More specifically, how does this system of oppression hinder the academic growth of many of the students who identify within this community?

Answer

A

Heterosexism affects higher education experiences of LGBTQ+ students by making them feel disrespected, outed, or unsafe when they have to correct professors with their preferred name. They often get mis-gendered, feel a disconnect to class, and struggle to be successful.

Question 33

Q

According to Kimmel, how does homophobia perpetuate heterosexism? More specifically, how does fear and institutional power perpetuate heterosexism as a system of oppression?

Answer

A

Homophobia perpetuates heterosexism according to Kimmel by constantly making men feel the need to be hypermasculine to avoid the “negative” of being homosexual. This hypermasculinity makes it not okay to be soft, emotional, caring, or any other more feminine traits not okay for fear of being seen as homosexual. The fear shows through putting more feminine or soft men down to perpetuate or promote masculinity.

Question 34

Q

What was “a law signed by President Bill Clinton in 1993 that barred LGBTQ people from openly serving in the United States Military”?
Civil Rights Act of 1993

Anti-Gay Military Bill

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell

Stop Talking About It

Answer

A

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell

Question 35

Q

The timeline of LGBTQ rights is divided into three eras related to what historical event?
The March on Washington

The Stonewall Riots

The Defense of Marriage Act

The LGBTQ Equality Act

Answer

A

The Stonewall Riots

Question 36

Q

What is “a term used to describe people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth”?
Transphobia

Genderism

Cissexism

Transgender

Answer

A

Transgender

Question 37

Q

What is “a reaction of fear, loathing and discriminatory treatment of people whose gender identity or gender presentation does not match, in the socially accepted way, the sex they were assigned at birth”?
Transphobia

Transgender

Genderism

Cissexism

Answer

A

Transphobia

Question 38

Q

True or False: Unequal access to safe bathrooms is an example of internalized oppression.

Question 39

Q

True or False: Genderism is the belief that there are, and should be, only two genders and that one’s gender, or most aspects of it, are inevitably tied to biological sex.

Question 40

Q

Why did Rauch (2019) argue that it was time to drop the ‘LGBT’ from ‘LGBTQ’? Do you agree or disagree with his argument and why?

Answer

A

Rauch believed that no matter how many letters get added to LGBTQ there will always be a group that feels left out or un-recognized. He argued that an overall blanket use of ‘Q’ should replace it. I do think that when using LGBTQ there are inevitably groups left out, however, I don’t know if minimizing members down to a single word/letter will appease all. I think if society portrays that LGBT or LGBTQ does act as an all inclusive term and continues to value everyone then there is no need to find a different term/word/phrase.

Question 41

Q

The Trans Accessibility Project article talks about the layers of trans oppression. What would be specific examples of how all four stages of trans oppression exist in our society?

Hint: Interpersonal, Institutional, Internalized, and Cultural

Answer

A

The four areas that trans oppression exists in our society are interpersonal, institutional, internalized, and cultural. Interpersonal: sexual harassment/assault or anti-transgender attacks/discrimination. Institutional: workforce discrimination or policies that prohibit the use of gender identities in the classroom. Internalized: believing that you are abnormal, undervalued, or unimportant due to the messages received through personal, group or cultural means. Cultural: homelessness, unemployment, & poor health outcomes at a higher rate for transgender people due to the discrimination, violence, & harassment faced.

Question 42

Q

What is a “socially defined category of people who are thought to share biologically distinctive traits”?
Racism

Racial Oppression

Race

Prejudice

Question 43

Q

According to Beverly Tatum, what is “a system of advantage based on race”?
Racial Preference

Racism

Institutional Power

Systemic Oppression

Question 44

Q

What is a “manipulation of societal institutions to benefit the majority and restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of others”?
Individual Racism

Institutional Racism

Cultural Racism

Systemic Racism

Answer

A

Institutional Racism

Question 45

Q

Racism = Power + (Insert Answer)
Stereotype

Oppression

Racial Stigma

Prejudice

Answer

A

Prejudice

Question 46

Q

True or False: In the movie Spinning into Butter, at the end we find out that Simon’s roommate Frank was the one who was committing the hate crimes on campus.

Question 47

Q

True or False: Redlining is the practice of arbitrarily denying or limiting financial services to specific neighborhoods, generally because its residents are people of color or are poor.

Question 48

Q

In Tatum’s “Defining Racism - Can We Talk”, what was the argument she made about who could be racist? What evidence did she give for this argument? Do you agree or disagree with her stance and why?

Answer

A

Tatum said that while anyone can be racist it’s not true racism if the person who is committing the racist act is not in a position of power or benefitting from his/her race. I hadn’t thought about racism in that way as I have more recently heard about racist acts against non-traditional racist people. However, I like her added point that racism has to include the power aspect as it plays a large part.

Question 49

Q

How does the idea of racism as “smog in the air” connect to Simon’s experience in Spinning into Butter. In your response, please discuss how racism impacted Simon at the individual, institutional, and cultural level.

Answer

A

Simon stated at the end of the movie that the tension and want/need to be seen as not racist was so thick that he felt he couldn’t breathe. This connects to the idea that racism is like “smog in the air” everyone breathes it and that it affects everyone. It’s the unacknowledged presence of inequalities and unsaid things that make everyone on edge or awkward in mixed race situations. Simon experienced individual racism by having hate crimes committed against him (i.e. the letters, noose) and ultimately internalizing racist ideals. He experienced institutional racism by being part of an unequally represented group on a predominantly White college campus. Finally, he experienced cultural racism by being part of a race that was being seen in the media under a negative circumstance rather than that of a positive one not related to race.

Question 50

Q

What is “the fact of having and expressing strong, unreasonable beliefs and disliking other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life.”?
Prejudice

Bigotry

Oppression

Stereotype

Question 51

Q

What is “the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange”?
Homophobia

Racism

Xenophobia

Racial Stigma

Answer

A

Xenophobia

Question 52

Q

What was “one of the first acts that banned lowed skilled family immigration and made the Chinese the first illegal immigrants”?
Chinese Exclusion Act

Civil Rights Act of 1965

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell

Immigration Act of 1906

Answer

A

The Chinese Exclusion Act

Question 53

Q

What “refers to a minoritized group, defined by factors such as ethnicity, race, or religion, whose members are perceived to be achieving a higher socioeconomic status in comparison to other minoritized groups”?
Cultural Acceptance

Cultural Bias

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Model Minority Myth

Answer

A

Model Minority Myth

Question 54

Q

True or False: According to Takaki (1993), “currently 1/3 of the population cannot trace their origins to Europe”.

Question 55

Q

True or False: Xenophobia and Fetishization are forms of bigotry.

Question 56

Q

According to Mahajan (2015), what are the two Asian Americas? What is the “Model Minority Myth” and how does it further perpetuate racism toward Asian Americans?

Answer

A

The Two Asian Americas is a term used to express the first Asian people that came to the US and the Americas and how they were treated compared to after the 1965 Nationality Act that allowed more immigrants into the US and who were treated differently than that of the first Asians that came over. The Model Minority is the idea that a minority group conforms and blends into what is needed in order to coexist among the majority. They are often seen as high performing, intelligent, and hard working. Asian Americans tend to be characterized as this “Model Minority”. What it actually does is pit minorities against each other as there are always high achieving, intelligent, hardworking people of all minorities and majorities.

Question 57

Q

According to Blow (2019), what was Mitch McConnell’s stance on reparations? What is your stance on reparations for the Black community? Is it possible to fix the historical damage that slavery created?

Answer

A

McConnell’s stance on reparations was that they were unnecessary. He claimed that racism is behind us because we (at the time) had a Black president. He stated that the Civil War took care of “making it up” to Black people. My stance on reparations is truly that just like White people can no longer trace their origins back to one original family I’m sure the same can be said about Black people and families. I don’t think that it is fair that after slavery was abolished Black people were promised things that never happened, but I am unsure how so many years later the traumas and horrors of slavery can be made up for. I don’t think that we as a country can ever fully make-up for the historical damage that was caused, but I do think that we can start caring for those that are struggling and who are in great need much better than we are currently.

Question 58

Q

What is “a pervasive system of discrimination and exclusion of people who are differently abled”?
Racism

Sexism

Ableism

Oppression

Question 59

Q

What model “advocates for the removal of social barriers in an attempt to promote inclusion and social change leading to the transformation of society”?
Transformation Model

Social Model

Medical Model

Autonomy Model

Answer

A

Social Model

Question 60

Q

What model “assumes that the disabled person’s autonomy is limited due to the impairment; therefore, if medical professionals cannot cure or rehabilitate the person, then she or he is considered as someone who as a consequence has a limited ability to participate in society”?
Medical Model

Social Model

Autonomy Model

Transformation Model

Answer

A

Medical Model

Question 61

Q

What are the “everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership”?
Disability Events

Stereotypes

Discriminatory Actions

Microaggressions

Answer

A

Microaggressions

Question 62

Q

True or False: An example of able-bodied privilege would be being able to walk around and not be stared at because there is something “wrong” or “off” about them.

Question 63

Q

True or False: An example of People First Language would be saying that someone is a dyslexic person, rather than saying that someone is a person with dyslexia.

Question 64

Q

In your own words, please explain how you understand the difference between the medical and social model in reference to disability in our society. What model does Bunbury believe we should use? Please give an example of a scenario in our society and how it would be looked at from a social and medical model.

Please do not use any examples we discussed in class.

Answer

A

The social model in reference to disability is the acceptance and inclusion of those who are differently abled. It’s also about owning the responsibility to make society more accessible and available to those who are differently abled. The medical model in reference to disability is person blaming, strictly looking at the persons impairment and thinking they need to be cured. This model also believes that it is up to the individual to work to fit into society, not society helping them fit. Bunbury believes that we need to follow the social model. Example: A girl with dyslexia. Social model: working to provide accommodations in the girls classroom environment so she can do the best she can without her disability holding her back. Medical model: the girl needs to be on some type of medication or in treatment to help her. She is also responsible for keeping up in class and learning the material without aid.

Answer 42

A

Casual ableist language is language that many people use to explain negative feelings or to make negative comments. Example: calling someone lame. This word actually means someone who walks with a limp and is problematic to use because it takes away the meaning of ‘lame’ and uses it in a derogatory way. I think it would be very hard to stop using this kind of language as it is so built into our way of life. However, what we can do is educate people on the derogatory natures of that language and maybe take away the negative connotations of the words in the process.

Answer 43

A

Immigration

Answer 44

A

Xenophobia

Answer 45

A

Assimilation

Answer 46

A

Immigration is good for our country because it brings in people who can contribute and broaden our success as a nation. People that aid in every part of our society from the military to healthcare to agriculture to engineering to fashion design. Benefits to immigration that may aid in dismantling xenophobic narratives might be teaching and reiterating that most of the businesses and companies that we know, use and love whether new or old most likely originated from/by an immigrant. The United States is made up of immigrants it’s just a matter of when they came over. When we teach the positives of immigration it may remove the negatives associated with it and increase the positives (less xenophobic responses).

Answer 47

A

This test acts as a barrier I believe to individuals who are trying to become American citizens. Many of the questions cannot even be answered by U.S. citizens so why are we expecting those from other countries to know the answers? This test represents the idea of a melting pot because we are wanting those becoming US citizens to be “the same” as the rest of natural born citizens and to blend in instead of accepting what they may bring like that of a mosaic.

Answer 48

A

Religious Oppression

Answer 49

A

Blue Laws

Answer 50

A

EEOC- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Answer 51

A

The general trend in the Pew Research Center article was that Christianity & Protestant religions were declining while other religions were growing in popularity. Also, those without religious affiliations were growing in popularity as well. I personally think that a mix of religions might benefit the U.S. as Christianity has ruled for the majority of time and has heavily swayed society and our laws. Maybe with more diversity that will start to change.

Answer 52

A

The five faces of oppression are exploitation, powerlessness, marginalization, cultural imperialism, and violence. Example 1 (powerlessness): during the Holocaust Germany & other countries stripped Jews from practicing their religion which left them powerless & fearful to display their religious views. Example 2 (exploitation): using blaspheme to justify the enslavement of African people. Both of these examples perpetuated slavery & the mistreatment of Jews in history and have heavily influenced how those groups are seen and valued today.

Answer 53

A

Gerontophobia

Answer 54

A

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Answer 55

A

Ageism shown implicitly might be the casual use of language such as “old”, “boomer”, or the automatic assumed characteristics of elderly that we have grown up believing or being told.Shown explicitly might be calling elderly people boomers or beating an elderly woman for being seen as old, frail, useless. Ageism on an individual level includes that of the explicit example and is anything ageist said or done to an individual. On a societal level ageism is exhibited by the distaste of being old or aging and therefore outcasting elderly individuals or those seen as old. On an institutional level ageism manifests by believing that due to age elderly people need to pay higher insurance premiums because they are more likely to need high cost medicines or be hospitalized.

Answer 56

A

Stereotype: Those 65 and older won’t do as well in an office of hipsters. Prejudice: believing that all those 65 and up are incapable of contributing to the workforce. Discrimination: not hiring anyone 65 and up or hiring them for “easy”, lackluster jobs. Oppression: those 65 and up not able to find employment and winding up in impoverished situations.

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Final Flashcards

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