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Biosphere > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the premise behind the weak Gaia Hypothesis?

A

There is only some degree of linkage between the earth’s organisms and the environment as a whole

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2
Q

What are the premises behind the strong Gaia hypothesis?

A

Life controls the environment

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3
Q

J population curve

A

huge spike leads to demise of species

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4
Q

S curve

A

steady population growth

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5
Q

What is the process called where there is a feedback system from hothouse to smowball and back?

A

climate change

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6
Q

What is the portion of earth that supports life?

A

the biosphere

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7
Q

wind, wave and solar energy

A

perpetual resources

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8
Q

water, animals

A

renewable resources

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9
Q

fossil fuels

A

non-renewable resources

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10
Q

What goods are provided by the natural system?

A

food, fresh water, bio-chemicals, mineral

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11
Q

what services are provided by the natural system?

A

soil formation, water purification, nutrient cycling, animal habitat

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12
Q

what supporting processes are provided by the natural system?

A

climate control, flood control, disease regulation

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13
Q

What is the life long value of each alaskan whale?

A

$24 million

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14
Q

what is pollution?

A

good chemical in the wrong place at the wrong time
may be physical or biological
have a detrimental impact on the biosphere

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15
Q

What are the two types of pollution?

A

point source and non-point source

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16
Q

What is the era of man called?

A

The Anthropocene

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17
Q

What is the world population?

A

7,118,378,660

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18
Q

What is the expected population size in 2025?

A

8.2 billion

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19
Q

What percentage of the world population is in latin america, asia and africa?

A

82%

20
Q

What fertility rate leads to a stable population?

A

2.1 children per woman

21
Q

graph for Demographic transition model

A

high birth and death rates to begin, as you progress through the different stages =>death rates drop before birth rates, population is slowly climbing

22
Q

World population growth

A

The population of developed regions is expected to remain constant until 2050 while the population of the 49 least developed countries is expected to double in size

23
Q

the ability of a system to survive for a specified finite time

A

sustainability

24
Q

Which is the most water consumptive?

A

1 burger>2coffee>3milk>4cheese>5rice

25
Q

Genetically modified crop process

A

an alien gene is inserted into a commercially viable plant to give it new, beneficial genetic traits

26
Q

IUCN Red list

A

lists all extinct organisms

27
Q

causes of extinction

A

developmental changes in land usage
removal of forests for agriculture
pacific northwest is the most presently habitat degraded

28
Q

flagship species

A

look good on posters

big eyes, forward facing, preferably furry

29
Q

keystone species

A

contribute beyond their biomass, trophic role

30
Q

umbrella species

A

wide ranging, large and diverse habitat

31
Q

The endangered species act of 1973

A

Provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found

32
Q

which agencies protect our oceans?

A

environmental protection agency
national marine fisheries service
national marine sanctuary system

33
Q

three methods to aid tuna sustainability

A

circular hooks
minimum catch size (age cohorts)
eliminate fish aggregating devices

34
Q

federal public lands are classified as:

A

multiple use lands
moderately restricted use lands
restricted use lands

35
Q

IUCN Redlist: Causes of Extinction

A 
habitat loss and fragmentation
overexploitation
invasive species
disease
pollutants
incidental mortality
climate change
other factors
36
Q

climate

A

long term
related as the mean global surface temperatures
certainty variable

37
Q

weather

A

short term
related as localized changes in temperature and precipitation
dependent on climate

38
Q

last ice age

A

The pleistocene - 1.8mya - 20,000ya

39
Q

proxy data

A

biological data that accurately indicated temperature (pollen grains)

40
Q

Impact of El nino Western Pacific

A

drought

forest fires

41
Q

Impact of el nino eastern pacific

A

floods

reduced productivity as upwellings stall

42
Q

La nina

A

The cooling phase of the same temperature oscillation that caused El Nino

43
Q

Impacts of warmer ocean

A

Sea Level rise
tide heights across the world ocean are represented as color contours
Impacts vary by region

44
Q

Albedo effect

A

incoming sunlight reflected off of polar ice helps regulate maintain temp(lower) impact of melting ice caps on sea levels will be negligible. positive feedback system

45
Q

current co2 levels

A

397 ppm

Biosphere (1 decks)

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