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Canine Science > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Pupil

A

opening in the center of the eye that allows light to pass through

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2
Q

Lens

A

focuses light on the retina (adjustable)

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3
Q

Cornea

A

focuses light on the retina (not adjustable)

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4
Q

Retina

A

back surface of the eye that is lined by photoreceptors
-light from above strikes bottom and light from below strikes top
-light from left strikes right and vice versa

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5
Q

Rods

A

Periphery of retina, sensitivity/contrast/movement, night vision

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6
Q

Cones

A

Area centralis, acuity, color vision

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7
Q

Different breeds and different eye shapes

A

Sight hounds have more retinal ganglion cells, giving a wider field of vision. Brachycephalic dogs have centralized concentration of retinal cells, giving more detailed vision but narrower field.

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8
Q

Are dogs colorblind?

A

No, they are dichromats (only have two types of cones, one is sensitive to bluish purple and one sensitive to greenish yellow

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9
Q

Dogs have better peripheral vision due to…

A

a larger number of rods and less stereoscopic/binocular vision (area in which eyes overlap)

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10
Q

Flicker-fusion rate

A

number of “snapshots” of world eyes take every second (60 cycles/s humans, 70-80 cycles/s)

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11
Q

Lenticular (nuclear) sclerosis

A

age-related change in density of crystalline lens (common in older dogs)

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12
Q

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

A

usually affects rods initially and then cones in later stages, affect dogs are nightblind and later daytime vision also fails

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13
Q

Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA)

A

defect in eye formation, single recessive gene, small percentage will have detached retinas an be blind

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14
Q

CERF

A

Canine Eye Registration Foundation, registers those dog’s certified free of heritable eye disease by board certified Veterinary Ophthalmologists (A.C.V.O)

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15
Q

SARDS

A

Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome, one of the leading causes of incurable canine vision loss; sudden blindness with polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and recent weight gain, cause is widespread loss of function of photoreceptors in the retina

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16
Q

Otoscope

A

used to investigate ear

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17
Q

Why is a wet nose beneficial?

A

Air hits wet nose and odors stick to this

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18
Q

Inspired air…

A

…enters and is sent to the olfactory or respiratory tract

19
Q

Inspiration: split between olfaction and lungs

A

12-13% goes to olfaction, the remaining to the lungs

20
Q

Left nostril

A

familiar, non-aversive odors

21
Q

Right nostril

A

first sniffs; novel, threatening, or arousing (adrenaline)

22
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Live for 30-60 days and then regenerate

23
Q

Type of cell that grows as a replacement depends on environment

A

Training, genetics, changes in health

24
Q

Impacts

A

Almost always needs to be in the gaseous phase, previous exposure to an odorant, contamination

25
Q

Causes of contamination

A

Mishandling samples, trail of odor, residual odor, cross-contamination (birch, anise, and clove stored together caused contamination after one week)

26
Q

Impacts (medication)

A

metronidazole decreased the ability of explosive detection dogs, steroids cause change in threshold

27
Q

Odors affected by

A

temperature, surface area, vapor pressure, dilution/mixture

28
Q

Training aids

A

Pseudos do not perform as the actual odorant

29
Q

What can dogs detect?

A

diabetes, cadavers, drugs, electronic storage devices, accelerants, currency, fruits, explosives

30
Q

Pet first aid supplies checklist

A

Gauze; nonstick bandages, towels, or strips of clean cloth; adhesive tape, milk of magnesia or activated charcoal; hydrogen peroxide (3%); digital thermometer; eye dropper (or large syringe without needle; muzzle; leash; stretcher

31
Q

Handling an injured pet

A

Do not assume that even a gentle pet won’t bite if it’s injured, place a muzzle IF your pet is not vomiting, perform exam slowly and gently, stabilize injuries and transport gently

32
Q

External bleeding

A

Keep pressure over the wound minimum of three minutes, bandage, if bleeding is severe then apply a tourniquet (label time/date of tourniquet placement and take to a veterinarian immediately)

33
Q

Internal bleeding

A

Symptoms: bleeding from nose, mouth, rectum, coughing up blood, blood in urine, pale gums, collapse, weak and rapid pulse. Keep animal warm and quiet and transport immediately to a veterinarian

34
Q

Shock

A

Symptoms: weak pulse, shallow breathing, nervousness, dazed eyes; usually follows severe injury or extreme fright; keep animal warm, restrained, and quiet; if animal is unconscious, keep head level with rest of body; transport immediately to a veterinarian

35
Q

Seizures

A

Keep your pet away from any objects (including furniture) that might hurt it. Don’t try to restrain; time the seizure (usually 2-3 minutes); after seizure has stopped, keep pet warm and quiet and contact veterinarian

36
Q

Heatstroke

A

Place a cool or cold, wet towel around its neck and head; remove the towel, wring it out, and rewet it and rewrap it every few minutes; pour or use a hose to keep water running over the body (especially the abdomen and between the hind legs), use your hands to massage it legs and sweep the water away as it absorbs the body heat; transport to a veterinarian as soon as possible

37
Q

Choking symtoms

A

difficulty breathing, excessive pawing at the mouth; choking sounds when breathing, blue-tinged lips/tongue

38
Q

Choking response

A

look into the mouth to see if a foreign object is visible (if you see an object, gently try to remove it with pliers or tweezers); if you can’t remove the object and your pet collapses, place both hands on the side of your pet’s rib cage and apply firm quick pressure, or lay your pet on its side and strike the rib cage firmly with the palm of your hand 3-4 times

39
Q

CPR protocol

A

place dog on right side, check for breathing and heartbeat, extend neck and make sure airway is open, hold mouth and lips shut and breath into nostrils, watch for chest expansion, if none then clear airway and try again

40
Q

CPR protocol part II

A

kneel so knees touch dogs back, place heel of your hand where dogs elbow touches chest, place other hand on top, begin to deliver 15 compressions in 10 seconds, after 15- give 1 breath, ad abdominal squeeze, repeat

41
Q

Heart rate

A

Puppies: 70-220 beats/minute
Dogs: 70-180 beats/minute
Toy breeds: 70-220 beats/minute

42
Q

Rectal temperature

A

100.5-102.5 F

43
Q

Respiratory rate

A

Observe chest motion or place wet finer over the nares, count rate for 15 seconds and multiply by 4
Puppies: 15-40 breaths/minute
Dogs: 10-30 breaths/minute
Toy breeds: normal rate 15-40 breaths/minute
Panting: up to 200 breaths/minute

44
Q

Designing a first aid class

A

CPR and rescue breathing, how to check vital signs, how to control bleeding, handling and restraining and injured pet, how to induce vomiting (and when not to), what to do for bite wounds, recognizing and treating heatstroke and frostbite, how to prevent and treat poisoning, what to do for burns, choking, diarrhea, broken bone, seizures, shock, and vomiting

Canine Science (1 decks)

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