final Flashcards
What is substance use disorder? Give three different symptoms.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is known for people who struggle with drug use or even addiction.
- Withdraw from drug
- Mental/physical effects of the drug
- Drugs had caused legal problems for themselves like drunk driving
What is a drug?
A chemical substance taken into the body
What is behavior?
How a person acts
Psychoactive drug
A substance that alters a person’s thoughts or emotional behavior
Illicit drugs
Legal drugs under the US law
Drug Dependence
compulsion to continue to use the drug
Instrumental use
use of a drug for a cultural or socially legitimate reason
Recreational use
use of drugs for enjoyment of drug effects
Drug misuse
prescription or OTC drugs not used as directed
Drug abuse
use of drugs that could cause physical, mental, and/or social impairment
How do you measure drug use in the US?
Surveys
Define ED50, LD50, and TI
-ED50 is the Effective Dose in which
Somatic Nervous System
Responsible for voluntary movements and sensory feedback
Automatic Nervous System
controls Involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion
Sympathetic
part of the automatic nervous system responsible for the “fight or flight” response
Parasympathetic
part of the automatic nervous system responsible for the rest and digest functions
Brainstem
connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions
Medulla
Sub-component of brainstem that controls heart rate and breathing
Pons
Sub-component of brainstem that controls sleep and arousal
What happens in clinical trial phase 1?
Scientists determine the safety and efficiency of a new drug for treating a disease
What happens in clinical trial phase 2?
Patients with a condition to be treated and to consider the efficacy and the dosage of the drug
What happens in clinical trial phase 3?
Trails need FDA approval along with fine-tuning the dosages of the drug
What happens in clinical trial phase 4?
Needs post-marketing surveillance and needs to consider the long-term or adverse effects along with drug interactions
US Drug Control Schedule I?
-High abuse potential, no medical use, limited safety
-Heroin, Cannabis, MDMA, Psilocybin, LSD, Peyote, etc.
US Drug Control Schedule II?
-High potential for abuse, accepted medical use, severe dependence
-Cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine, oxycodone, methylphenidate, PCP, etc.
US Drug Control Schedule III?
-Intermediate potential for abuse, accepted medical use, moderate dependence
-Anabolic steroids, ketamine, codeine + NSAID, etc.
US Drug Control Schedule IV?
-Low potential for abuse, accepted medical use, limited dependence
-Benzodiazepines, modafinil, carisoprodol, etc.
US Drug Control Schedule V?
-Minimal abuse potential, widespread medical use, limited dependence
-Mixtures containing very small amounts of other scheduled drugs, etc.
Intervention Level:
Primary Prevention
Intervention efforts to prevent the onset of drug abuse in those who have not yet had much exposure (elementary-middle school)
Intervention Level:
Secondary Prevention
Intervention efforts to reduce drug abuse, limit the spread of drug use beyond currently encountered substances, and/or to teach responsible use of licit substance (i.e. alcohol) (high school-, college-age)
Intervention Level:
Tertiary Prevention
Intervention efforts aimed at eliminating drug abuse, promoting abstinence and healthy lifestyles in current drug abusers (any age)
What is addiction?
Chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences
What is the category for Prescription Drugs?
“Legend”
What is the category for Over-the-Counter Drugs?
“Non-Legend”
In Vitro & In Vivo is what type of testing?
Preclinical Testing
What three things go into clinical trials?
-Randomized
-Placebo-controlled
-Double-Blind
13 Ways of drug treatment?
-Addiction is a complex, but treatable, disease that affects brain function and behavior
-No single approach works best for everyone; effective approaches attend to multiple needs, not just drug use (e.g. mental illness, vocational training, etc.)
-Treatment must be readily available and accessible
-Effective treatment attends to multiple needs and contexts of the individual – medical, psychological, social, vocational, identity (age, gender, ethnicity, culture, etc.)
-Remaining in treatment for an adequate amount of time is critical for sustained effect (3 month min.) and best outcomes occur with longer duration treatment; relapse is not failure, but a signal for adjustment of services
-Counseling/behavioral therapy is the most common form of effective treatment; peer support helps maintain long-term abstinence
-Medications are often an important component of effective drug treatment are not considered “replacing one addiction with another” if used properly
-Treatment plans must be continually updated to meet individuals’ changing needs
-Co-occurring mental health issues must be addressed for successful treatment
-Detox is only a first step in treatment and does not, by itself, lead to successful outcomes
-Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective
-Drug use during treatment should be monitored to detect and manage relapse
Treatment programs should test for infectious diseases to reduce risks and provide connections to accessible treatment
What are pharmacokinetics?
is the study of what the body does to the drug
What are Pharmacodynamics?
is the study of what the drug does to the body.
