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Phonology Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Active process wherein at least two individuals who understand the same mode of communication interact and take tuens in exhanging messages

A

Communication

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2
Q

In communication one individual acts as the ___________ (person creating and expressing the message) and one acts as the ___________ ( person decoding and comprehending the message) These roles can be switched as communicaiton continues

A

sender

Receiver

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3
Q

This is a means for telling stories, asking questions, expressing oneself, conveying feelings, or sharing ideas

A

Communication

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4
Q

Process of sharing information between individuals

A

Communication

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5
Q

conventional set of coded symbols that when manipulated garner meaning or ideas

A

Language

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6
Q

coded symbols that are governed by specific rules that are learned and socially shared among a community

A

Language

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7
Q

A complex, dynamic, and rule-based system of conventional symbols used in diverse modalities for thought and communication

A

Language

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8
Q

verbal way of expressing language

A

Speech

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9
Q

expression of thoughts in spoken words- oral and verbal communication

A

Speech

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10
Q

Study of how sound are put together to form words and other linguistic units

A

Phonology

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11
Q

the study of how the articulators make individual sounds

A

Articulatory Phonetics

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12
Q

The study of the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech

A

Acoustic Phonetics

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13
Q

The study of how phonetic decisions are made from the acoustic signal

A

Speech Perception

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14
Q

Units of sound connected to the decisions about meaning; Individual sounds that make up language

A

Phoneme

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15
Q

Sound system of language including rules that govern its spoken form. Analyzes sound units within a language

A

Phonology

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16
Q

Smallest unit of a word with meaning

A

Morpheme

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17
Q

Studies structure of words and how words are built out of pieces

A

Morphology

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18
Q

Organizational rules denoting word, phrase, and clause order

A

Syntax

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19
Q

Meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

A

Semantics

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20
Q

Language used to communicate within various situational contexts

A

Pragmatics

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21
Q

the impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts including verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems

A

Communication Disorder

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22
Q

used to indicate oral, verbal communication that is so deviant from the norm that it is noticeable or interferes with communication

A

Speech Disorder

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23
Q

Impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems. May involve one of more of the following areas: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and pragmatics

A

Language Disorder

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24
Q

What are the organs and subsystems involved in speech production:

A

Respiratory system, larynx, velopharynx, tongue, lips, jaw

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25
Q

houses lungs, airway, rib cage, diaphragm; provides basic air supply for generating sound

A

Respiratory System

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26
Q

made up of different cartilages and muscles; creates the voiced speech sounds via vibration in the vocal folds; allows air to pass from the lungs to the vocal tract necessary for voiceless sounds

A

Larynx

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27
Q

Contains soft palate/velum and structures associated with velopharyngeal port; joins or seperates the oral and nasal cavities in order to allow air to pass through either oral cavity, nasal cavity, or both simulataneously

A

Velopharynx

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28
Q

Mainly made up of a multitude of muscles; principle articulator of the oral cavity; ability to assume the position of various shapes and positions during vowel and consonant articulation

A

Tongue

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29
Q

The different parts of the tongue are:

A

tip, blade, dorsum, root, body

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30
Q

one of the most visible structures of the articulators; assist with production of vowel and consonants

A

Lips

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31
Q

second most visible structure of the articulators; massive bony structure that supports soft tissue of both lips and tongue; aids the lip and tongue movements and provides skeletal support for these organs

A

Jaw

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32
Q

These two things work together to provide two major airflow types to the upper airway (vocal tract)

A

Respiratory System & Larynx

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33
Q

Series of pulses of air made by action in the vibrating vocal folds

A

Voiced

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34
Q

Continuous flow of air that is used to produce noise energy in the vocal tract

A

Voiceless

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35
Q

As the ___________ pushes air into the airway for speech, the ________ regulates the airflow from the lunges to create voice and voiceless segments

A

Respiratory system

Larynx

36
Q

Upper airway/vocal tract that tracels from larynx to mouth or nose is the site where ____________ occurs

A

speech articulation

37
Q

The articulators are known as:

A

Tongues, lips, jaw

38
Q

______ are related to vowels

A

diphthongs

39
Q

these are produced with an open vocal tract and can be characterized by either rounded/unrounded, tense/lax, and by tongue position

A

Vowels

40
Q

vocal tract above larynx is open so easy to initiate voicing

A

Sonorant

41
Q

sounds produced only with manipulation and vocalic shape /i/ and /u/

A

Vocalic

42
Q

produced midsagittal with constriction of vocal tract

A

Consonantal

43
Q

Usually produced with open oral cavity and no harsh constrictions

A

Vowels

44
Q

Produced with complete or partially constricted vocal tract

A

Consonants

45
Q

Describe by degree or type of closure and by location at which the complete or partial closure occurs

A

Place, Manner, Voicing

46
Q

two different structuress working togeher to create localized contriction of vocal tract

A

Place

47
Q

refers to degree or type of closure

A

Manner

48
Q

radical or marked constriction in the midsagittal region of vocal tract- distringuished true consonants from vowels and glides

A

Consonantal

49
Q

sounds do not have a radical or marked constriction of the vocal tract and are associated with spontaneous voicing, Voiced vowels and liquid, glides, nasal consonants, and obstruents

A

Vocalic

50
Q

have vocal configurtion that permits spontaneous voicing which means that the airstream can pass virtually unimpeded through the oral or nasal cavity. Distinguishes vowels, glides, nasal consonants, and lateral and rhotacized consonants from stops, fricatives, and affricates

A

Sonorant

51
Q

fricatives and affricates produced with intense noise

A

Strident

52
Q

characteristics of speech that involve larger units such as syllables, words, phrases, or sentences

A

Suprasegmentals

53
Q

degree of effort or prominence, varies within dialect, location, and chosen production for meaning in a word

A

Stress

54
Q

vocal pitch of an utterance and frequency from syllable to syllable and the emotional state of speaker

A

Intonation

55
Q

sound intensity and vocal effort

A

Loudness

56
Q

Average pitch of speakers voice

A

Pitch Level

57
Q

words per second, syllables per second, phonemes per second

A

Speaking Rate

58
Q

combination of intonation, pausing, and other suprasegmentals to mark special distinctions

A

Juncture

59
Q

vowels are susceptible to articulatory change as speaking rate increases or stress decreases

A

Vowel reduction

60
Q

used when trying to be intelligible

A

Clear Speech

61
Q

modified and/or reduced, stops eliminated, rapid and lose distinctiveness

A

Conversational Speech

62
Q

influence of one sound on another; articulation of one sound is influenced by preceding or following sound

A

Coarticulation

63
Q

most commonly used; overt and observable behaviors; focuses more on outward behaviors that are observable

A

Traditional/Behaviorist Model

64
Q

observes environmental conditions and predicts the outcome of verbal behaviors as a result; operant or instrumental condition to focus on controlling acts and change consequences that occur as a result of acts

A

Traditional/ Behaviorist Model

65
Q

Child presented a sound or word and when produced they receive positive reinforcement

A

Traditional/ Behaviorist Model

66
Q

governed by innate or natural mechanisms

A

Linguistic Models

67
Q

focuses on sound structure of human language. Incorporates semantic and syntactical aspects of language and concepts; phonological rules map underlying representation onto surface pronunciations and phonological descriptions depend on information from other linguistic levels

A

Generative Phonology

68
Q

basis of phonological processes and its approach to treatment and speech sound disords

A

Natural Phonology

69
Q

universal across language and frequently used by children; rules that are systematically applied to speech production until children learn to suppress them

A

Natural Phonology

70
Q

collection of theories that addresses hierarchical nature of the relationships between phonological unites; involves more than just production of set phonemes, takes into account many elements both in relation to and independent of one another

A

Nonlinear phonology

71
Q

developed to describe adult langauges; basic units are constraints, which are assumed to be universal to all languages

A

Optimality theory

72
Q

refers to relative loudness of a sound relative to other sounds with the same pitch, stress, and length

A

Sonority hypothesis

73
Q

provides the potential for the explanation of children’s phonology; draws on the fields of psychology and linguistics; describes distinction between underlying representations of words and their productions

A

Psycholinguistic Model

74
Q

Seven main areas of SLP practice are informed by a comprehensive understanding of speech sound acquistion

A

-referrel, assessment, analysis, diagnosis, selecting intervention targets, intervention, dismissal/ discharge

75
Q

What are the phases of speech sound acquisition

A

1: laying the foundations for speech
2: transitioning from words to speech
3: the growth from words to speech
4: mastery of speech and literacy

76
Q

What are some influences on speech sound acquistion?

A

gender, SES, language development, individual variability

77
Q

Prelinguistic Stages:

A

1: Reflexive Crying & Vegetative Sounds
2: Cooing and Laughter
3: Vocal Play
4: Cannonical Babbling
5: Jargon

78
Q

similiar stings of cononant-vowel production

A

Reduplicated Babbling

79
Q

variation in both consonant vowels from syllable to syllable

A

Variegated/ non-reduplicated babbling

80
Q

Begins the moment 1st word is spoken

A

Linguistic Stages

81
Q

difficulties with the motor production aspects of speech, or an inability to produce certain speech sounds

A

Articulation Disorder

82
Q

Atypical productions of speehc sounds are characterized by phonological process. List some examples:

A

substiutions, omissions, additions, distortions

83
Q

impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations

A

Phonological Disorders

84
Q

ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utternance as distinct from its meaning; affect perception of auditory cues

A

Phonological Awareness

85
Q

Acquisition of Phonological awareness occurs in three stages:

A

Awarness of:

  • syllables and words
  • onset and rimes
  • phonemes

Phonology Final (1 decks)

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