final Flashcards
1
Q
The Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam split over a dispute about
A) whether or not to have
a lunar calendar.
B) how many wives were acceptable.
C) succession after Muhammad.
D) when the pilgrimage should be performed.
A
succession after Muhammad
2
Q
The Muslim calendar begins on the date of
A) Muhammad’s birthday.
B) Muhammad’s flight to Yathrib.
C) the night Muhammad received his revelation.
D) Muhammad’s death.
A
Muhammad’s fight to Yathrib
3
Q
The caliph was
A) a religious and political leader.
B) head of the mystical branch of Islam.
C) the name given to an opponent of Muhammad.
D) the magic horse Muhammad rode on his ascent to heaven.
A
a religious and political leader
4
Q
The holy object within the square shrine of the Kabah is A) a black meteorite. B) a nail from the cross of Jesus. C) the tomb of Muhammad. D) the first Qur'an.
A
a black meteorite
5
Q
The word Allah means A) the Merciful. B) the Just. C) the Compassionate. D) the God.
A
the God
6
Q
The Qur'an speaks of the following religious figure(s): A) Jesus. B) Buddha. C) St. Paul. D) All these answers are correct.
A
Jesus
7
Q
The Taj Mahal is located in A) Spain. B) Turkey. C) Iran. D) India.
A
India
8
Q
The branch of Islam that believes the successor to Muhammad should have been a male directly descended from the prophet's immediate family is called A) Sunni. B) Shiite. C) Sufi. D) Hasidic.
A
Shiite
9
Q
In addition to basing rules for daily life on the Qur’an, Muslims appeal to the hadith, the
A) laws of nature.
B) rulings of the successors to Muhammad.
C) sayings of Khadijah, Muhammad’s wife.
D) recollections people had of Muhammad’s words and actions.
A
recollections people had of Muhammad’s words and actions
10
Q
Muslims believe in
A) resurrection of the body.
B) a final judgment.
C) neither a resurrection of the body nor a final judgment.
D) both a resurrection of the body and a final judgment.
A
both a resurrection of the body and a final judgement
11
Q
Muhammad's job before he became a prophet was a A) merchant. B) date grower. C) caravan driver. D) camel breeder.
A
caravan driver
12
Q
A religious requirement for male Muslims, also necessary for male Jews, is
A) circumcision.
B) drinking wine on special feast days.
C) wearing of the turban.
D) marriage.
A
circumcision
13
Q
Along with Judaism, Islam forbids A) eating unleavened bread. B) the wearing of the veil by women. C) eating pork. D) the wearing of gold jewelry.
A
eating pork
14
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer. A) muezzin B) dhikr C) sura D) minaret
A
minaret
15
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the decorated niche inside a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca. A) dhikr B) jihad C) minaret D) mihrab
A
mihrab
16
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the pilgrimage to Mecca. A) Hajj B) dhikr C) hadith D) sura
A
Hajj
17
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a festival at the end of the month of Ramadan, during which people feast and visit friends and often visit graves of ancestors. A) Kabah B) Id al-Fitr C) Ramadan D) Hijra
A
Id al-Fitr
18
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a Muslim place of worship. A) mosque B) qiblah C) minaret D) jihad
A
mosque
19
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the Day of Sacrifice during the month of the Hajj, when an animal is sacrificed to recall the submission of Abraham. A) Id al-Adha B) Sharia C) Ramadan D) Kabah
A
Id al-Adha
20
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "extinction," or the sense of loss of self in the mystical experience. A) Fana B) Caliph C) Jihad D) Imam
A
Fana
21
Q
The Qur'an has 114 chapters, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) caliphs B) suras C) fanas D) Imams
A
suras
22
Q
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a religious leader; specifically, one of the hereditary successors of Muhammad, venerated in Shiite Islam. A) jihad B) caliph C) dhikr D) Imam
A
Imam
23
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "struggle"; it is the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice. A) Sura B) Jihad C) Imam D) Fana
A
Jihad
24
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "cube"; it is the square shrine at the center of the great mosque in Mecca. A) Qur'an B) Kabah C) Sharia D) Ramadan
A
Kabah
25
```
________ means "submission"; it is the term for the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah.
A) Hijra
B) Kabah
C) Ramadan
D) Islam
```
Islam
26
```
The month of fasting is, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is
A) Id al-Adha.
B) Kabah.
C) Ramadan.
D) Qur'an.
```
Ramadan
27
```
________ means "path"; it is the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life.
A) Kabah
B) Id al-Adha
C) Sharia
D) Hijra
```
Sharia
28
```
The reform movement that argues education should be entirely religious, emphasizes a simplified Islam, and gives great attention to the importance of Muhammad and his early companions is
A) Wahhabis.
B) Sunni.
C) Sharia.
D) Deobandi.
```
Deobandi
29
```
The pilgrimage every Muslim should make to ________ is called the Hajj.
A) Medina
B) Iran
C) Mecca
D) his or her place of birth
```
Mecca
30
```
A Muslim place of worship is a ________.
A) mosque
B) synagogue
C) temple
D) Ramadan
```
mosque
31
```
Submission to God is the central translation of ________.
A) Jainism
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Islam
```
Islam
32
```
________ represents the devotional movements and mystical elements of Islam.
A) Shiva
B) Sufism
C) mufti
D) Kabala
```
Sufism
33
```
God's words as revealed to Muhammad are found in the ________.
A) Torah
B) Old Testament
C) Qur'an
D) New Testament
```
Qur'an
34
```
A(n) ________ is a religious leader, specifically one venerated in Shiite Islam that is a hereditary successor of Muhammad.
A) mufti
B) imam
C) Ayatollah
D) rabbi
```
imam
35
```
Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina is the ________.
A) Ramadan
B) Exodus
C) Hajj
D) Hijra
```
Hijra
36
```
________ literally means "struggle" and refers to the idea of spreading Islamic belief and practice.
A) Ramadan
B) Hajj
C) Hijra
D) Jihad
```
Jihad
37
```
The month of fasting is ________.
A) Hijra
B) Hajj
C) Jihad
D) Ramadan
```
Ramadan
38
```
A representative sample chapter in Islam's holy book is called a ________.
A) verse
B) capitolo
C) sura
D) song
```
sura
39
```
A decorated niche inside a mosque, the ________ indicates the direction of Mecca.
A) imam
B) sura
C) heavenly guide
D) mihrab
```
mihrab
40
```
A "recollection" of an act or saying of Muhammad is known as a(n) ________.
A) hadith
B) mihrab
C) sura
D) verse
```
hadith
41
```
Translated as "cube," the ________ is the square shrine at the center of the great mosque in Mecca.
A) Mihrab
B) Kabah
C) Sura
D) Wormwood
```
Kabah
42
```
A chanter who calls people to prayer is known as a(n) ________.
A) mufti
B) muezzin
C) imam
D) sharia
```
muezzin
43
```
Translated as "path," ________ is the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life.
A) Mihrab
B) Kabah
C) Sharia
D) Sura
```
Sharia
44
```
A tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer is known as a(n) ________.
A) muezzin
B) minaret
C) imam
D) sharia
```
minaret
45
```
Translated as "successor," a(n) ________ is a particular religious and political leader.
A) caliph
B) sharia
C) muezzin
D) hadith
```
caliph
46
```
A minority branch of Islam, ________ holds Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali.
A) Legalism
B) Jainism
C) Sunni
D) Shiism
```
Shiism
47
```
Meaning "extinction," ________ is the sense of loss of self in mystical experience.
A) fana
B) sharia
C) mufti
D) hadith
```
fana
48
```
A devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices is known as ________.
A) rosary
B) dhikr
C) akbar
D) muezzin
```
dhikr
49
```
The ________ reform movement of present-day Saudi Arabia has opposed veneration of the deceased, saying such veneration takes away from the unique worship of one god.
A) Legasist
B) Shiite
C) Sunni
D) Wahhabi
```
Wahhabi
50
T/F Mosque means "path," referring to the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life.
False
51
T/F Sharia is a festival at the end of the month of Ramadan, during which people feast and visit friends and often visit graves of ancestors.
False
52
T/F Hadith refers to a "recollection" of an act or saying of Muhammad.
True
53
T/F Hijra means "flight" and refers to Muhammad's escape from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina).
True
54
T/F Hadith is the month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar.
False
55
T/F Hajj refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca
True
56
T/F A minaret is a tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer.
True
57
T/F Muezzin refers to the majority branch of Islam, which holds that the genuine succession from Muhammad did not depend on hereditary descent from his son-in-law, Ali.
False
58
T/F Id al-Adha is the Day of Sacrifice during the month of the Hajj, when an animal is sacrificed to recall the submission of Abraham.
True
59
T/F Qiblah refers to the direction toward Mecca, toward which Muslims pray.
True
60
T/F A mosque is a Muslim place of worship.
True
61
T/F Shiite refers to a minority branch of Islam that holds Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law, Ali.
True
62
T/F Imam means "cube," referring to the square shrine at the center of the great mosque of Mecca.
False
63
T/F Kabah is a devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices.
False
64
T/F Hijra means "submission" and is the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah.
False
65
T/F Jihad means "struggle" and is the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice.
True
66
T/F Sura means "successor" and refers to a religious and political leader.
False
67
T/F Sufism refers to a group of devotional movements in Islam.
True
68
T/F Qur'an means "recitation," referring to God's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad; it is the term for an authorized edition of written words that appeared after Muhammad's death.
True
69
T/F Sura is a chapter of the Qur'an.
True
70
T/F Dhikr refers to the decorated niche inside a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca.
False
71
T/F A mihrab is a chanter who calls people to prayer
False
72
T/F Fana is a religious leader – specifically, one of the hereditary successors of Muhammad venerated in Shiite Islam.
False
73
T/F Fana means "extinction" and refers to the sense of loss of self in mystical experience
True
74
T/F A qiblah is a person who submits to Allah
False
75
```
The midwinter solstice celebration of Wicca is most commonly called the
A) Samhain.
B) Beltane.
C) Yule.
D) Esbat.
```
Yule
76
```
Established groups of Wiccans are called
A) witches.
B) sisterhoods.
C) covens.
D) sects.
```
covens
77
```
The word "Voodoo" comes from the Fon word "vodun," whose meaning is
A) saint way.
B) oak-tree wisdom.
C) moon worship.
D) mysterious power.
```
mysterious power
78
```
The youngest alternative path studied in this chapter is
A) Falun Gong.
B) Rastafarianism.
C) Cao Dai.
D) Scientology.
```
Falun Gong
79
In practicing their religion, both Baha'is and Muslims
A) engage in periods of fasting and undertake pilgrimages.
B) observe a lunar calendar and abstain from drinking alcohol.
C) abstain from alcohol and engage in periods of fasting.
D) meet in nine-sided mosques or temples.
abstain from alcohol and engage in periods of fasting
80
```
Two new religions that blend aspects of Christianity into their beliefs and practices are
A) Wicca and Voodoo.
B) Cao Dai and Santería.
C) Rastafarianism and Falun Gong.
D) Rastafarianism and Scientology.
```
Cao Dai and Santería
81
The biggest influence of Rastafarianism on mainstream culture has been
A) reggae music.
B) an organic and natural food diet.
C) dreadlocks.
D) distinctive dress with four symbolic colors.
reggae music
82
```
Worship and celebration of the feminine aspect of the divine is practiced most by the
A) Druids.
B) Baha'is.
C) Rastafarians.
D) Wiccans.
```
Wiccans
83
```
The Baha'is found a messianic figure in
A) a young Persian aristocrat.
B) an Ethiopian king.
C) a writer of science fiction.
D) a Jamaican farmer.
```
a young Persian aristocrat
84
```
The "world teacher" prophesied by Madame Blavatsky was later identified as
A) Elizabeth Claire Prophet.
B) Rudolf Steiner.
C) L. Ron Hubbard.
D) J. Krishnamurti.
```
J. Krishnamurti
85
Working with an "auditor" to find and remove areas that have created blockages to personal growth is a practice of
A) Scientology.
B) Theosophy.
C) the Church Universal and Triumphant.
D) Voodoo.
Scientology.
86
```
The religions of the Yoruba tradition and Rastafarianism have significant connections with
A) the Middle East.
B) India.
C) Africa.
D) China.
```
Africa
87
The breathing and visualization exercises of Qigong that circulate energy through the body are further enhanced in Falun Gong when a master
A) ritually eliminates bad karma of the disciple.
B) activates an invisible spiritual wheel in the lower abdomen of the disciple.
C) projects the image of a large eye inside a triangle into the disciple's mind.
D) trains the disciple to be "mounted" by beings from a higher realm.
activates an invisible spiritual wheel in the lower abdomen of the disciple
88
```
________ is a syncretic religion that began in Vietnam, which blends Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Catholic Christianity.
A) Falun Gong
B) Falun
C) Cao Dai
D) Shangó
```
Cao Dai
89
```
The ________ is the term for the last two days of the year, in spring and autumn, when the hours of daylight and of nighttime are equal.
A) Sabbat
B) solstice
C) equinox
D) Sabbath
```
equinox
90
```
________ is a modern monotheistic religion that emphasizes unity and equality of individuals, cultures, and religions.
A) Falun
B) Falun Gong
C) Theosophy
D) Baha'i
```
Baha'i
91
```
________ is a religion that unites elements from Theosophy and Christianity.
A) The Church Universal and Triumphant
B) Contemporary Paganism
C) Candomblé
D) Scientology
```
The Church Universal and Triumphant
92
```
In Scientology, a fully liberated person is referred to as
A) clear.
B) a pre-clear.
C) an operating thetan.
D) an engram.
```
an operating thetan
93
```
________ was a prophet who was the forerunner of Baha'u'llah, the founder of Baha'i.
A) Esbat
B) Baha'u'llah
C) Engram
D) Bab
```
Bab
94
```
In Scientology, the world in which the spirits of human beings must live is called
A) MEST.
B) Santería.
C) Rede.
D) Santero.
```
MEST
95
```
New religious movements that are a blend of different religions are called ________.
A) polytheistic
B) monotheistic
C) symbiotic
D) syncretic
```
syncretic
96
```
________ is a general name for religious movements attempting to return to earlier, nature-based religions.
A) Dogma
B) Scientologies
C) Contemporary Pagan
D) Modern Romanticism
```
Contemporary Pagan
97
```
Wiccan seasonal turning points are called ________.
A) Sabbaths
B) Yuccas
C) Conclaves
D) Sabbats
```
Sabbats
98
```
In Santería, any deity is called a(n) ________.
A) ocha
B) thetan
C) miska
D) voodi
```
ocha
99
```
In Scientology, ________ is the name for the human soul.
A) thetan
B) ocha
C) miska
D) voodi
```
thetan
100
```
Another name for the late Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is ________.
A) Trojas
B) Ras Tafari
C) Rastafi
D) Manua
```
Ras Tafari
101
```
Baha'u'llah is the founder of ________.
A) Baha'i
B) Jainism
C) Legalism
D) Islam
```
Baha'i
102
```
The religion that blends Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Catholicism is ________.
A) Baha'i
B) Jainism
C) Cao Dai
D) Scientology
```
Cao Dai
103
```
Madame Blavatsky is one of the cofounders of ________.
A) Theosophy
B) Christian Science
C) Reflexology
D) Scientology
```
Theosophy
104
```
The ________ movement began in the eighteenth century as an attempt to re-introduce the religion practiced in France and England by the Celts about 2000 years ago.
A) Wicca
B) Druidic
C) Theosophy
D) Christian Science
```
Druidic
105
```
In Scientology, a(n) ________ is an electronic machine that reads galvanic skin response; it is sometimes used to assist insan the auditing process.
A) bio-feedback auditor
B) e-auditor
C) auditor
D) e-meter
```
e-meter
106
```
A priestess of Santería is also known as a ________.
A) santera
B) santerista
C) santeristera
D) Wicca
```
santera
107
```
________ is a Yoruba-based religion that developed in Cuba.
A) Santería
B) Voodoo
C) Rastafarianism
D) Creole Catholicism
```
Santería
108
```
In Scientology, a(n) ________ is a counselor who through a series of questions works to guide a person to greater self-understanding.
A) santerista(o)
B) auditor
C) inquisitor
D) guide
```
auditor
109
```
One of eight seasonal turning points, the ________ is marked by Wiccans and Druids.
A) Sabbat
B) Sabbath
C) Conclave
D) Day of Labor
```
Sabbat
110
```
A Contemporary Pagan movement, ________ emphasizes feminine expressions of the divine.
A) Ifa
B) Voodoo
C) Wicca
D) Rastafarianism
```
Wicca
111
```
The end of the year and simultaneously the beginning of the new in Wicca calendars, ________ is literally "summer's end."
A) Beltane
B) Mabone
C) Litha
D) Samhain
```
Samhain
112
```
A syncretic religion of Brazil, ________ blends elements of Roman Catholicism and African religions.
A) Yoruba
B) Candomblé
C) Batuque
D) Macumba
```
Candomblé
113
```
In Scientology, a ________ person is not yet spiritually liberated and is only just beginning to undergo the auditing process.
A) perceptic
B) dyanetic
C) probie
D) pre-clear
```
pre-clear
114
```
Movements that attempt to reestablish a pre-Christian European nature religion are known as ________.
A) Neo-pagan
B) New Paganism
C) Contemporary Paganism
D) All these answers are correct.
```
Neo-pagan
115
T/F Scientology is a modern monotheistic religion that grew out of Islam, emphasizing unity and equality of individuals, cultures, and religions; the term is also used to indicate a follower of the religion.
False
116
T/F In Scientology, the state of mental liberation is called "clear"; the term is also used to indicate the person who has achieved mental liberation.
True
117
T/F Falun Gong or "law-wheel energy" (Chinese) is a modern Chinese religion that uses meditation and physical exercises.
True
118
T/F In Scientology, a counselor who through a series of questions works to guide a person to greater self-understanding is an auditor.
True
119
T/F Scientology, meaning "divine wisdom" (Greek), is an eclectic movement, particularly influenced by Hinduism, that focuses on the mystical elements of all religions
False
120
T/F In Rastafarianism, thetan is the human soul.
False
121
T/F Theosophy is a Contemporary Pagan movement that emphasizes feminine expressions of the divine.
False
122
T/F Rastafarianism is a religion that began in Jamaica in the 1920s to emphasize African pride; it considers Haile Selassie (Ras Tafari) to be divine
True
123
T/F Rede (advice or counsel) is a term used in Wicca to describe its maxim that an act is allowable if it does no harm: "And [if] you harm none, do what you will."
True
124
T/F Baha'i is a religion that blends elements from French Catholicism and African religions.
False
