final Flashcards
The Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam split over a dispute about
A) whether or not to have
a lunar calendar.
B) how many wives were acceptable.
C) succession after Muhammad.
D) when the pilgrimage should be performed.
succession after Muhammad
The Muslim calendar begins on the date of
A) Muhammad’s birthday.
B) Muhammad’s flight to Yathrib.
C) the night Muhammad received his revelation.
D) Muhammad’s death.
Muhammad’s fight to Yathrib
The caliph was
A) a religious and political leader.
B) head of the mystical branch of Islam.
C) the name given to an opponent of Muhammad.
D) the magic horse Muhammad rode on his ascent to heaven.
a religious and political leader
The holy object within the square shrine of the Kabah is A) a black meteorite. B) a nail from the cross of Jesus. C) the tomb of Muhammad. D) the first Qur'an.
a black meteorite
The word Allah means A) the Merciful. B) the Just. C) the Compassionate. D) the God.
the God
The Qur'an speaks of the following religious figure(s): A) Jesus. B) Buddha. C) St. Paul. D) All these answers are correct.
Jesus
The Taj Mahal is located in A) Spain. B) Turkey. C) Iran. D) India.
India
The branch of Islam that believes the successor to Muhammad should have been a male directly descended from the prophet's immediate family is called A) Sunni. B) Shiite. C) Sufi. D) Hasidic.
Shiite
In addition to basing rules for daily life on the Qur’an, Muslims appeal to the hadith, the
A) laws of nature.
B) rulings of the successors to Muhammad.
C) sayings of Khadijah, Muhammad’s wife.
D) recollections people had of Muhammad’s words and actions.
recollections people had of Muhammad’s words and actions
Muslims believe in
A) resurrection of the body.
B) a final judgment.
C) neither a resurrection of the body nor a final judgment.
D) both a resurrection of the body and a final judgment.
both a resurrection of the body and a final judgement
Muhammad's job before he became a prophet was a A) merchant. B) date grower. C) caravan driver. D) camel breeder.
caravan driver
A religious requirement for male Muslims, also necessary for male Jews, is
A) circumcision.
B) drinking wine on special feast days.
C) wearing of the turban.
D) marriage.
circumcision
Along with Judaism, Islam forbids A) eating unleavened bread. B) the wearing of the veil by women. C) eating pork. D) the wearing of gold jewelry.
eating pork
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer. A) muezzin B) dhikr C) sura D) minaret
minaret
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the decorated niche inside a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca. A) dhikr B) jihad C) minaret D) mihrab
mihrab
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the pilgrimage to Mecca. A) Hajj B) dhikr C) hadith D) sura
Hajj
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a festival at the end of the month of Ramadan, during which people feast and visit friends and often visit graves of ancestors. A) Kabah B) Id al-Fitr C) Ramadan D) Hijra
Id al-Fitr
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a Muslim place of worship. A) mosque B) qiblah C) minaret D) jihad
mosque
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the Day of Sacrifice during the month of the Hajj, when an animal is sacrificed to recall the submission of Abraham. A) Id al-Adha B) Sharia C) Ramadan D) Kabah
Id al-Adha
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "extinction," or the sense of loss of self in the mystical experience. A) Fana B) Caliph C) Jihad D) Imam
Fana
The Qur'an has 114 chapters, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) caliphs B) suras C) fanas D) Imams
suras
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a religious leader; specifically, one of the hereditary successors of Muhammad, venerated in Shiite Islam. A) jihad B) caliph C) dhikr D) Imam
Imam
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "struggle"; it is the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice. A) Sura B) Jihad C) Imam D) Fana
Jihad
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "cube"; it is the square shrine at the center of the great mosque in Mecca. A) Qur'an B) Kabah C) Sharia D) Ramadan
Kabah
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "submission"; it is the term for the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah. A) Hijra B) Kabah C) Ramadan D) Islam
Islam
The month of fasting is, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is A) Id al-Adha. B) Kabah. C) Ramadan. D) Qur'an.
Ramadan
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means "path"; it is the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life. A) Kabah B) Id al-Adha C) Sharia D) Hijra
Sharia
The reform movement that argues education should be entirely religious, emphasizes a simplified Islam, and gives great attention to the importance of Muhammad and his early companions is A) Wahhabis. B) Sunni. C) Sharia. D) Deobandi.
Deobandi
The pilgrimage every Muslim should make to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is called the Hajj. A) Medina B) Iran C) Mecca D) his or her place of birth
Mecca
A Muslim place of worship is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) mosque B) synagogue C) temple D) Ramadan
mosque
Submission to God is the central translation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Jainism B) Hinduism C) Christianity D) Islam
Islam
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ represents the devotional movements and mystical elements of Islam. A) Shiva B) Sufism C) mufti D) Kabala
Sufism
God's words as revealed to Muhammad are found in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Torah B) Old Testament C) Qur'an D) New Testament
Qur’an
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a religious leader, specifically one venerated in Shiite Islam that is a hereditary successor of Muhammad. A) mufti B) imam C) Ayatollah D) rabbi
imam
Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Ramadan B) Exodus C) Hajj D) Hijra
Hijra
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ literally means "struggle" and refers to the idea of spreading Islamic belief and practice. A) Ramadan B) Hajj C) Hijra D) Jihad
Jihad
The month of fasting is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Hijra B) Hajj C) Jihad D) Ramadan
Ramadan
A representative sample chapter in Islam's holy book is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) verse B) capitolo C) sura D) song
sura
A decorated niche inside a mosque, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ indicates the direction of Mecca. A) imam B) sura C) heavenly guide D) mihrab
mihrab
A "recollection" of an act or saying of Muhammad is known as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) hadith B) mihrab C) sura D) verse
hadith
Translated as "cube," the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the square shrine at the center of the great mosque in Mecca. A) Mihrab B) Kabah C) Sura D) Wormwood
Kabah
A chanter who calls people to prayer is known as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) mufti B) muezzin C) imam D) sharia
muezzin
Translated as "path," \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life. A) Mihrab B) Kabah C) Sharia D) Sura
Sharia
A tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer is known as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) muezzin B) minaret C) imam D) sharia
minaret
Translated as "successor," a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a particular religious and political leader. A) caliph B) sharia C) muezzin D) hadith
caliph
A minority branch of Islam, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ holds Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali. A) Legalism B) Jainism C) Sunni D) Shiism
Shiism
Meaning "extinction," \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the sense of loss of self in mystical experience. A) fana B) sharia C) mufti D) hadith
fana
A devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) rosary B) dhikr C) akbar D) muezzin
dhikr
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reform movement of present-day Saudi Arabia has opposed veneration of the deceased, saying such veneration takes away from the unique worship of one god. A) Legasist B) Shiite C) Sunni D) Wahhabi
Wahhabi
T/F Mosque means “path,” referring to the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim’s life.
False
T/F Sharia is a festival at the end of the month of Ramadan, during which people feast and visit friends and often visit graves of ancestors.
False
T/F Hadith refers to a “recollection” of an act or saying of Muhammad.
True
T/F Hijra means “flight” and refers to Muhammad’s escape from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina).
True
T/F Hadith is the month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar.
False
T/F Hajj refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca
True
T/F A minaret is a tower from which a chanter calls people to prayer.
True
T/F Muezzin refers to the majority branch of Islam, which holds that the genuine succession from Muhammad did not depend on hereditary descent from his son-in-law, Ali.
False
T/F Id al-Adha is the Day of Sacrifice during the month of the Hajj, when an animal is sacrificed to recall the submission of Abraham.
True
T/F Qiblah refers to the direction toward Mecca, toward which Muslims pray.
True
T/F A mosque is a Muslim place of worship.
True
T/F Shiite refers to a minority branch of Islam that holds Muhammad’s genuine successors descended from his son-in-law, Ali.
True
T/F Imam means “cube,” referring to the square shrine at the center of the great mosque of Mecca.
False
T/F Kabah is a devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices.
False
T/F Hijra means “submission” and is the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah.
False
T/F Jihad means “struggle” and is the ideal of spreading Islamic belief and practice.
True
T/F Sura means “successor” and refers to a religious and political leader.
False
T/F Sufism refers to a group of devotional movements in Islam.
True
T/F Qur’an means “recitation,” referring to God’s words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad; it is the term for an authorized edition of written words that appeared after Muhammad’s death.
True
T/F Sura is a chapter of the Qur’an.
True
T/F Dhikr refers to the decorated niche inside a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca.
False
T/F A mihrab is a chanter who calls people to prayer
False
T/F Fana is a religious leader – specifically, one of the hereditary successors of Muhammad venerated in Shiite Islam.
False
T/F Fana means “extinction” and refers to the sense of loss of self in mystical experience
True
T/F A qiblah is a person who submits to Allah
False
The midwinter solstice celebration of Wicca is most commonly called the A) Samhain. B) Beltane. C) Yule. D) Esbat.
Yule
Established groups of Wiccans are called A) witches. B) sisterhoods. C) covens. D) sects.
covens
The word "Voodoo" comes from the Fon word "vodun," whose meaning is A) saint way. B) oak-tree wisdom. C) moon worship. D) mysterious power.
mysterious power
The youngest alternative path studied in this chapter is A) Falun Gong. B) Rastafarianism. C) Cao Dai. D) Scientology.
Falun Gong
In practicing their religion, both Baha’is and Muslims
A) engage in periods of fasting and undertake pilgrimages.
B) observe a lunar calendar and abstain from drinking alcohol.
C) abstain from alcohol and engage in periods of fasting.
D) meet in nine-sided mosques or temples.
abstain from alcohol and engage in periods of fasting
Two new religions that blend aspects of Christianity into their beliefs and practices are A) Wicca and Voodoo. B) Cao Dai and Santería. C) Rastafarianism and Falun Gong. D) Rastafarianism and Scientology.
Cao Dai and Santería
The biggest influence of Rastafarianism on mainstream culture has been
A) reggae music.
B) an organic and natural food diet.
C) dreadlocks.
D) distinctive dress with four symbolic colors.
reggae music
Worship and celebration of the feminine aspect of the divine is practiced most by the A) Druids. B) Baha'is. C) Rastafarians. D) Wiccans.
Wiccans
The Baha'is found a messianic figure in A) a young Persian aristocrat. B) an Ethiopian king. C) a writer of science fiction. D) a Jamaican farmer.
a young Persian aristocrat
The "world teacher" prophesied by Madame Blavatsky was later identified as A) Elizabeth Claire Prophet. B) Rudolf Steiner. C) L. Ron Hubbard. D) J. Krishnamurti.
J. Krishnamurti
Working with an “auditor” to find and remove areas that have created blockages to personal growth is a practice of
A) Scientology.
B) Theosophy.
C) the Church Universal and Triumphant.
D) Voodoo.
Scientology.
The religions of the Yoruba tradition and Rastafarianism have significant connections with A) the Middle East. B) India. C) Africa. D) China.
Africa
The breathing and visualization exercises of Qigong that circulate energy through the body are further enhanced in Falun Gong when a master
A) ritually eliminates bad karma of the disciple.
B) activates an invisible spiritual wheel in the lower abdomen of the disciple.
C) projects the image of a large eye inside a triangle into the disciple’s mind.
D) trains the disciple to be “mounted” by beings from a higher realm.
activates an invisible spiritual wheel in the lower abdomen of the disciple
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a syncretic religion that began in Vietnam, which blends Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Catholic Christianity. A) Falun Gong B) Falun C) Cao Dai D) Shangó
Cao Dai
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the term for the last two days of the year, in spring and autumn, when the hours of daylight and of nighttime are equal. A) Sabbat B) solstice C) equinox D) Sabbath
equinox
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a modern monotheistic religion that emphasizes unity and equality of individuals, cultures, and religions. A) Falun B) Falun Gong C) Theosophy D) Baha'i
Baha’i
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a religion that unites elements from Theosophy and Christianity. A) The Church Universal and Triumphant B) Contemporary Paganism C) Candomblé D) Scientology
The Church Universal and Triumphant
In Scientology, a fully liberated person is referred to as A) clear. B) a pre-clear. C) an operating thetan. D) an engram.
an operating thetan
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was a prophet who was the forerunner of Baha'u'llah, the founder of Baha'i. A) Esbat B) Baha'u'llah C) Engram D) Bab
Bab
In Scientology, the world in which the spirits of human beings must live is called A) MEST. B) Santería. C) Rede. D) Santero.
MEST
New religious movements that are a blend of different religions are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) polytheistic B) monotheistic C) symbiotic D) syncretic
syncretic
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a general name for religious movements attempting to return to earlier, nature-based religions. A) Dogma B) Scientologies C) Contemporary Pagan D) Modern Romanticism
Contemporary Pagan
Wiccan seasonal turning points are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Sabbaths B) Yuccas C) Conclaves D) Sabbats
Sabbats
In Santería, any deity is called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) ocha B) thetan C) miska D) voodi
ocha
In Scientology, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the name for the human soul. A) thetan B) ocha C) miska D) voodi
thetan
Another name for the late Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Trojas B) Ras Tafari C) Rastafi D) Manua
Ras Tafari
Baha'u'llah is the founder of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Baha'i B) Jainism C) Legalism D) Islam
Baha’i
The religion that blends Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Catholicism is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Baha'i B) Jainism C) Cao Dai D) Scientology
Cao Dai
Madame Blavatsky is one of the cofounders of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Theosophy B) Christian Science C) Reflexology D) Scientology
Theosophy
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ movement began in the eighteenth century as an attempt to re-introduce the religion practiced in France and England by the Celts about 2000 years ago. A) Wicca B) Druidic C) Theosophy D) Christian Science
Druidic
In Scientology, a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an electronic machine that reads galvanic skin response; it is sometimes used to assist insan the auditing process. A) bio-feedback auditor B) e-auditor C) auditor D) e-meter
e-meter
A priestess of Santería is also known as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) santera B) santerista C) santeristera D) Wicca
santera
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a Yoruba-based religion that developed in Cuba. A) Santería B) Voodoo C) Rastafarianism D) Creole Catholicism
Santería
In Scientology, a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a counselor who through a series of questions works to guide a person to greater self-understanding. A) santerista(o) B) auditor C) inquisitor D) guide
auditor
One of eight seasonal turning points, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is marked by Wiccans and Druids. A) Sabbat B) Sabbath C) Conclave D) Day of Labor
Sabbat
A Contemporary Pagan movement, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ emphasizes feminine expressions of the divine. A) Ifa B) Voodoo C) Wicca D) Rastafarianism
Wicca
The end of the year and simultaneously the beginning of the new in Wicca calendars, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is literally "summer's end." A) Beltane B) Mabone C) Litha D) Samhain
Samhain
A syncretic religion of Brazil, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ blends elements of Roman Catholicism and African religions. A) Yoruba B) Candomblé C) Batuque D) Macumba
Candomblé
In Scientology, a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ person is not yet spiritually liberated and is only just beginning to undergo the auditing process. A) perceptic B) dyanetic C) probie D) pre-clear
pre-clear
Movements that attempt to reestablish a pre-Christian European nature religion are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Neo-pagan B) New Paganism C) Contemporary Paganism D) All these answers are correct.
Neo-pagan
T/F Scientology is a modern monotheistic religion that grew out of Islam, emphasizing unity and equality of individuals, cultures, and religions; the term is also used to indicate a follower of the religion.
False
T/F In Scientology, the state of mental liberation is called “clear”; the term is also used to indicate the person who has achieved mental liberation.
True
T/F Falun Gong or “law-wheel energy” (Chinese) is a modern Chinese religion that uses meditation and physical exercises.
True
T/F In Scientology, a counselor who through a series of questions works to guide a person to greater self-understanding is an auditor.
True
T/F Scientology, meaning “divine wisdom” (Greek), is an eclectic movement, particularly influenced by Hinduism, that focuses on the mystical elements of all religions
False
T/F In Rastafarianism, thetan is the human soul.
False
T/F Theosophy is a Contemporary Pagan movement that emphasizes feminine expressions of the divine.
False
T/F Rastafarianism is a religion that began in Jamaica in the 1920s to emphasize African pride; it considers Haile Selassie (Ras Tafari) to be divine
True
T/F Rede (advice or counsel) is a term used in Wicca to describe its maxim that an act is allowable if it does no harm: “And [if] you harm none, do what you will.”
True
T/F Baha’i is a religion that blends elements from French Catholicism and African religions.
False
