final Flashcards
residential segregation equation
Index of Dissimilarity
index of dissimilarity
Tells us the % of a population that have to move in order to equal the overall population average. (Ranges from 0 (no segregation) to 1.0 (complete segregation))
5 ways to describe the spatial nature of segregation
- Unevenness: overrepresented in one area, underrepresented in another
2. Isolation:
little interaction with other groups
3. Clustered:
tightly clustered in one area
4. Concentrated: concentrated within a very small area
5. Centralized: spatially centralized around the urban core or perimeter
Housing Crises: equation
R/g (rate of growth), Lefebvre argued that capital chases the highest return compared to the general growth of the economy
Housing Crises: 5 things that happen during these boom-bust cycles
- Owners have trouble making payments, standards get tighter with loans, sales slow down
- As housing slows and prices fall or stay stable, people are left with underwater mortgages
- Lots of foreclosures happen, banks retain their toxic assets which threatens the dissolution of lending institutions
- As prices fall or stay stable, corporations purchase cheaper homes
- As corporations own more rental properties, they begin to corner markets and determine higher rental prices
Cities and Mitigation - How do cities have an impact?
majority of the world’s population lives in cities
1. They are most VULNERABLE to the climate impacts (heat waves, coastal communities)
2. They are RESPONSIBLE for the carbon emissions (cars, GDP cumulates in cities)
3. They hold the most POTENTIAL to reduce carbon emissions (investing in sustainable development, “Low carbon future” , Kyoto Protocol, Paris Accord
Utopian City/Planners
The Garden City : Howard
The Radiant City : Le Corbusier
Broadacre City : Lloyd Wright
Concept/Legacy : The Garden City
Legacy: Influenced Suburban neighborhoods
Concept: Wanted to combine urban and rural life = combines industrial employment with country living
Concept/Legacy of The Radiant City
Legacy: Modernism
Concept: social life could be improved with the application of knowledge - scientific, technological, architectural, social, and psychological.
* mixed garden city = industrial and country but all together through the architecture
Concept/Legacy of The Broadacre City
Legacy: Strip Malls
Concept: based on single-family homes each built on an acre of land, the car was the basic means of transportation and homes would be connected to shopping centers by expansive roads and highways.
Jane Jacobs
believed people construct social life in the city and create their own uses for space
Two Planning Movements
Two Planning Movements: New Urbanism
- central belief is to create compact, walkable urban centers
- walkable blocks and streets, housing and shopping in close proximity, and accessible public spaces.
- multiple housing opportunities, variety of transportation choices
- attractive and sense of place
Two Planning Movements: Smart Growth
- developed to combat Urban sprawl
- compact design, walkable, nature areas
- multiple housing opportunities
- variety of transportation choices
- attractive communities with a sense of place
What is Gentrification?
Neighborhood change where capital begins newly investing in poor neighborhoods.
What are the effects of Gentrification and what can you expect to see?
- Displaces poor residents
- “Solution” to crime rates
- Decrease in social services for poor residents
- Surrounding businesses (like medical, electrical) costs could push out older residents
- Expect to see new trendy businesses (Coffee shops, Dog Spas)
