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CLA 1102 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

parents of achilles

A

PELEUS and THETIS (Juno and Jupiter)

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2
Q

wedding of Juno and Jupiter

A

didn’t invite Discordia/Eris and she was pissed
–> wanted to cause problems so she manufactured a solid gold apple and labelled it for the most beautiful
–> chucked that shit into the party
–> goddesses starting squabbling over the apple

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3
Q

Paris

A

human (prince of Troy)

was the one to decide who got the golden apple (who was the most beautiful goddess)

Troy was a huge city and the king of Troy was an important person so they accepted his decision

sent mercury to give Paris the apple

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4
Q

what did juno, minerva, and venus offer Paris? (hera, athena, aphrodite)

A

Hera –> promised him to be king of Europe and Asia

Athena –> promised him skill so that he can conquer the whole world + wisdom

Aphrodite –> promised him Helem of Sparta as his wife (most beautiful woman in the world)

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5
Q

trojan war

A

the greeks sail against troy to get Helen of sparta back
–> can’t take troy because the walls are too high so they come up with the trojan horse
–> make them think its a gift for minerva
–> trojans wanted to steal the gift and take it into troy themselves but the horse was filled with greek soldiers
–> greeks snuck out of the horse while trojans were partying and let in the rest of the army
GREEKS WON

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6
Q

praenomen

A

first name

referred to at home

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7
Q

nomen

A

family name

referred to outside of home

women would take the feminine version

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8
Q

cognomen

A

extra name

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9
Q

cognomina

A

extra titles, accomplishments added to name

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10
Q

plebian vs patrician

A

plebian –> poor

patrician –> rich

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11
Q

struggle of the orders

A

attempt by the plebians to get the same rights as the patricians

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12
Q

where did wealth come from

A

land

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13
Q

equestrians

A

equites –> cavalrymen
went into cavalry to show wealth since u had to buy ur own equipment

businessmen, would make money through trading –> “bad money”

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14
Q

senatorial order

A

men who get their money from land and are involved in politics

run for office

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15
Q

equestrian order

A

men who get their money from business

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16
Q

how do you show you’re part of the senatorial/equestrain ordeer

A

obtain a ring to show everyone you’re a part of them

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17
Q

what do you need to get into the senatorial/equestrian order

A

equestrian: need 400,000 sesterces (big bronze coins) worth of land

senatorial: need 800,000 sesterces worth of land
–> had to have served as quaestor to be eligible

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18
Q

(t/f) senatorial/equestrian position is hereditary

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Novus Homo

A

“new man”

someone who was an equestrian who was able to become a member of the senatorial order

have to give up family business they inherited and buy land with the money

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20
Q

patroni

A

PATRONS

would provide legal support/advice
–> spend time each morning helping clients

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21
Q

clientes

A

CLIENTS

expected to act as the patron’s agents –> run errands
–> support when he runs for political office

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22
Q

sources of slaves

A

mostly people who were captured in foreign wars

also from kidnapping, crimes, exposed babies, punishment, children of slaves

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23
Q

peculium

A

slave’s wages

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24
Q

paegagogi

A

slaves who were tutors or teachers

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25
Q

(t/f) roman slaves are more expensive

A

FALSE
–> greek slaves were more expensive because they were smarter/more civilized

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26
Q

slave hunters

A

people who would hunt down slaves

–> if you harbor someone’s runaway slave, you’re charged with theft
–> slave is also charged with theft if he runs away (he stole himself)

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27
Q

spartacus

A

gladiator who led a slave revolt of all slaves in the area

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28
Q

slave revolts

A

all slaves part of a slave revolt were killed
–> encourages people to rat others out
–> one person getting killed > everyone getting killed

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29
Q

vigintiviri

A

elected for 1 year

20 people, later 26 aged early 20s

college of minor magistrates, consisted of 6 boards

elections are in July for the next year

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30
Q

quaestor

A

elected for 1 year

20 people, aged 27-30

financial officials

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31
Q

aedile

A

elected for 1 year

4 people

look after city, grain supply, games

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32
Q

praetor

A

elected for 1 year

8 people

judges, run courts

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33
Q

propraetor

A

PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR

former praetor

picked by lot

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34
Q

consul

A

elected for 1 year

2 people, aged 42

took care of military, legislative, administrative, supervisory responsibilities

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35
Q

proconsul

A

PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR

picked by lot

looked after more difficult provinces
–> wanted them in provinces w military problems

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36
Q

Censor

A

elected for 18 month term every fifth year

2 people

count citizens and assign them to one of the 35 tribes

set taxes, state contracts, and public building contracts

add new senators from senatorial order, moral oversight of senate, removal of corrupt officials

perform lustrum

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37
Q

lustrum

A

performed on the Campus Matrius to mark the end of the census in may, 17 months after their election

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38
Q

suovetaurilia

A

triple sacrifice of a boar, a ram, and a bull

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39
Q

names for slaves and freedmen

A

only have one name and would adopt their previous master’s praenomen and nomen
–> old name would be their cognomen

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40
Q

roman numerals

A

I = 1
V=5
X=10
L=50
C=100
D=500
M=1,000

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41
Q

babari

A

non-romans

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42
Q

servei

A

slaves

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43
Q

liberti

A

freedmen

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44
Q

ingenui

A

freebron

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45
Q

3 factors status among romans

A
  1. citizenship: only free(d) adult men could be citizens
  2. freedom: are you/have you ever been a slave?
  3. wealth: are you a patrician or a plebeian?
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46
Q

peculium

A

slave’s allowance
–> could use it to buy their freedom

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47
Q

latifundia

A

big slave farms

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48
Q

manumissio

A

act of freeing slaves

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49
Q

manumit

A

ceremony of freedom

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50
Q

pileus

A

point hat given to freed slaves but also a normal hat that people wore

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51
Q

2 ways to free a slave

A
  1. tell a slave that he is free
  2. slave can be made a citizen
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52
Q

cursus honorum

A

hierarchy of political offices

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53
Q

dictator

A

appointed by senate for max 6 months

serves alongside magister equitum who is a subordinate colleague

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54
Q

senate

A

made of 600 members

former office holders chosen by censors from the senatorial order

supreme decision making body of the Roman state

ratifies electrons and laws after being voted upon

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55
Q

tribune of the plebes

A

5 people, later 10

elected every year for 1 year terms starting on Dec 10
–> elected only by plebians

have sancrosactitatas

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56
Q

sacrosanctitatas

A

power of the tribune of the plebes

they cannot be touched, assaulted, or trespassed upon

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57
Q

plebiscita

A

laws passed by the plebes

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58
Q

fasces

A

symbol of imperium

dictator was entitled to 24 lictors and faces

consul entitled to 12

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59
Q

insula

A

apartment buildings

supposed to be 5 stories tall, but people frequently broke this rule

ground floor could commonly be shops and shop owners would live right above

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60
Q

Insula Felicles

A

bulding that was so tall it was written about in africa

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61
Q

domus

A

Roman house

only upper class

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62
Q

atrium (house)

A

hall

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63
Q

fauces (house)

A

passage

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64
Q

tablinum (house)

A

passage room

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65
Q

hottus (house)

A

garden

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66
Q

peristylium (house)

A

inner court/garden surrounded by pillared arcades

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67
Q

exedra (house)

A

garden room

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68
Q

vestibulum (house)

A

entrance

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69
Q

taberna(house)

A

shop

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70
Q

cubiculum (house)

A

bedroom

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71
Q

implucium (house)

A

shallow basin

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72
Q

ala (house)

A

open side room

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73
Q

piscina (house)

A

fishponf

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74
Q

triclinium (house)

A

dining-room

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75
Q

postium (house)

A

backdoor

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76
Q

andron (house)

A

passage

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77
Q

culina (house)

A

kitchen

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78
Q

villa

A

country house

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79
Q

where would the toilets be

A

in the kitchen –> where the water is

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80
Q

conclave/forica

A

public toilet

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81
Q

public vs private toilets

A

public: no stalls
–> trough of water at bottom so water constantly runs
–> fountain of water to wash hands and sponges on a strict to clean
–> would stick them through the trough to clean them

82
Q

women’s tunics

A

long, would touch the ground

brighter, more colourful

83
Q

men’s tunics

A

would come right before the knee

84
Q

subligar/tunica intima

A

underwear

85
Q

senator vs. equestrian tunic

A

senator: 2 wide stripes of purple

equestrian: 2 narrow stripes of purple

86
Q

tunica laticlavia

A

tunic with wide stripe

87
Q

tunica angusticlavia

A

tunic with narrow stripe

88
Q

toga

A

official and formal civilian dress of roman citizen

–> need to be a citizen to wear one

89
Q

calcei

A

outdoor shoes

90
Q

soleae

A

indoor sandals

91
Q

caligae

A

military boots

92
Q

toga virilus

A

“manly toga” –> given after maturity

93
Q

toga pulla

A

wear when in mourning (40 day period after passing)

94
Q

toga candida

A

white –> bleached

only for people running for office

95
Q

toga praetexta

A

“highest tier”

worn by censors, consuls, praetors

worn by children –> when the girls get married they take it off

96
Q

toga muliebris

A

used when shit talking a woman –> would be worn by prostitutes

97
Q

sandalia

A

closed-toed sandals

worn by women

98
Q

strophium/mamillare

A

underwear and bra

99
Q

peplos

A

tunic that is not sewn on top

V NECK, layered, held together with 2 broches

women’s tunic

100
Q

chiton

A

flat top, BUTTONS, not sewn

no v neck

women’s tunic

101
Q

stola

A

bleached white peplos, worn over a chiton

only worn by matrona

102
Q

matrona

A

woman who is married

103
Q

palla/pallium

A

CLOAK

palla: female word for cloak

104
Q

petasus

A

HAT

worn to protect from the sun or rain

never worn by upper class

105
Q

thermopolium/caupona

A

place where they sell hot things

fast food restaurant

106
Q

graffiti vs. dipinti

A

graffiti” scratched into a surface

dipinti: painted on

107
Q

how many months were there originally

A

10

no jan, feb

108
Q

what is “ABCDEFGH” on the calendar

A

days of the week

was initially 8 days

109
Q

intercalaris

A

extra month in the year

110
Q

where did gladiators come from initially

A

etruscans –> was a ritual for funerals –> human sacrifice

111
Q

venatio/venationes

A

people vs. animals

112
Q

ludus

A

word for school

113
Q

lanista

A

gladiator trainer

114
Q

rudis

A

wooden practice sword

given to retired gladiators

115
Q

rudiarius

A

retired gladiator

116
Q

harena

A

SAND

all over the amphitheatre floors bc it soaks up all the blood

over time became word for building

117
Q

editor

A

person who puts on gladiator shows (except for colosseum which is held by emperor)

would put a thumbs up or wave a white cloth
–> thumbs up = kill them
–> white cloth = spare them

118
Q

who banned gladiator schools

A

Honorius (also banned pants)

no gladiator = chariot racing

119
Q

eljem (thyrdrus)

A

second biggest ampitheatre that survived other than the colosseum

government decided to blow it up bc pirates set up fort in it

120
Q

who started the colosseum

A

emperor vespian in 69

built the first major floor and his son opened it for the first time even tho it wasn’t finished at the time

121
Q

what was the other name for the colosseum

A

flavian amphitheatre

only called the colloseum bc of a statue by it

122
Q

velum

A

retractable roof that keeps people out of the sun

123
Q

colosseum levels

A
  1. podium: bottom, for rich people
  2. maenianum primum: first level
  3. maen. secundum imum: lower second level
  4. maen. secundum summun: higher second level
  5. maen. summun in ligneis/porticus: highest level, wooden bleachers (porticus)
124
Q

levels in smaller ampitheatres

A

1: ima cavea: bottom
2: media cavea: 2/3
3. summa cavea: 4/5

^^ each of these would be divided into CUNEI (wedges

125
Q

what did pompey try to do in his games

A

brought elephants to be slaughtered, did not work out

126
Q

st. augustine and alypius

A

went to big law school in Rome, alypius became obsessed with the gladiatorial games

127
Q

condemnatio ad bestias

A

condemned to the beasts

128
Q

tunica molesta

A

regular tunic that is soaked in flammable material –> gladiator would go out to fight but then burst into flames

129
Q

condemnatio ad gladium

A

condemned to the sword
–> criminals could train as gladiators for a year but would have to be killed sometime in the year

130
Q

condemnatio ad ludum

A

condemned to the games
–> have to train as gladiators to fight
–> if ur alive after 3 years, ur free

131
Q

bestiarii

A

animal gladiators

132
Q

missum fac!, missos fac!

A

release him!

133
Q

iugula (gladiator)

A

“slit his throat”, “kill him”

134
Q

hoc habet (gladiator)

A

“he’s done for”

when someone receives a mortal wound

135
Q

what if a gladiator wants to give up

A

would hold up his finger and get down on one knee
–> if the person decides for him to die he pulls himself onto the enemy sword –> given a burial

136
Q

summa rudis, secunda rudis

A

ref and linesman

137
Q

retiarius

A

Has a net with lead weights all around so he can throw them, TRIDENT

Leather belt that he’s basically sewn into

Left arm → uses trident (right arm for net) → forward when he’s fighting → has protection

138
Q

manica

A

padding wrapped around the arm for protection in gladiator fights

139
Q

thracian

A

big helmet with big CREST

entire head is covered

little shielf (PARMA), short curved sword (SICA), leg protection (OCREA)

140
Q

samnite

A

2 FEATHERS on helmet

big legionary shield

141
Q

hoplomachus

A

chainmail, heavily armored

stubby sword

bigger shield

142
Q

murmillo

A

gallic gladiator

nothing on legs or face, short sword, oval shield, round helmet

143
Q

who set up the first “race course”

A

romulus (myth)

144
Q

the circus

A

one of the oldest buldings in rome

long racetrack for chariot racing

3 levels

145
Q

ovid

A

wrote a poem about how to pick up women at the circus

146
Q

carceres (circus)

A

starting gates

147
Q

pulvinar (circus)

A

emperor’s box

148
Q

venantiones (circus)

A

wild beast hunts

149
Q

spina(circus)

A

spine in the middle of the track

150
Q

metae(circus)

A

turning points

151
Q

obelisks

A

constantanius II, augustus, gauis

152
Q

levels of circus

A

IMA CAVEA
MEDIA CAVEA
SUMMA CAVEA
SUMMA CAVEA IN LIGNEIS

153
Q

factiones (circus)

A

chariot racing teams

blue, green, red, white

eventually the blues and greens bought out red and white

154
Q

single/double/triple chariot entries

A

single = 4 chariots
double = 8
triple = 12

155
Q

biga/quadriga chariots

A

big = 2 horse chariot
quadriga = 4 horse chariot

156
Q

rules of chariot racing

A

7 laps

start at the same time

prevent opponents from finishing

157
Q

dolphins and eggs (chariot racing)

A

7 of each, eggs get taken away, dolphins get tipped down

keep track of laps

158
Q

auriga

A

charioteer

159
Q

falx

A

sickle for charioteers to cut the reigns on the horse –> so you don’t get dragged if you fall

160
Q

what would winners of a chariot race receive

A

laurel crown and a palm branch

161
Q

pater familias

A

father of the family

162
Q

partia potestas

A

“fatherly power” that extends to everyone in the family

basically he controls everyone until he dies

163
Q

roman elementary school

A

led by LITTERATOR/MAGISTER (teacher) –> would teach kids in private

start at age 7, for both boys and girls

moral and civil education taught by father

164
Q

roman high school

A

led by GRAMMATICUS

for boys age 10-12 of a better social class

165
Q

roman university

A

all about literature and grammar –> prepared boys to be lawyers

166
Q

reputable public roles for women

A
  • priestess
  • business owner
  • dry-cleaners
167
Q

unreputable roles for women

A
  • actresses
  • gladiators
  • prostitutes
168
Q

how could a woman be free of patria potestas

A

if a married woman had 3 children

4 children for freedwomen

169
Q

sine manu

A

normal marriage for the empire

status/property for woman remain unchanged, remains under the patria potestas of her father

170
Q

in manu

A

patria potestas is passed onto the woman’s hudband and she has the same legal status as the children

171
Q

contubernium

A

marriage between 2 slaves or a slave and a free person

172
Q

affectatio maritalis

A

marriage affection –> the living together of a man and woman with the intention of forming a living union between both parties

has to last all the way through marriage

173
Q

how would you get divroced

A

say “ I no longer have affectatio maritalis for you” with a third part present

write a letter

174
Q

where would marriage generally take place

A

bride’s father’s house

175
Q

repudium

A

unilateral divorce

176
Q

pompeii style sword

A

form follows function –> very simple

177
Q

sharp sword

A

likely to get caught in bone

didn’t need much protection near the hand

178
Q

cavalry swords

A

longer, heavier, eventually adopted as infantry swords

179
Q

mustaceum

A

wedding cake at ceremony

made of must –> kind of grape juice

180
Q

deductio in domum mariti

A

bride is escorted to the groom’s home
–> led by a number of young boys with torches and usually only close family comes with
–>When the bride comes to the groom’s house, she ties up the posts with wooden bands and anoints them with hold
–> Groom carries her over the threshold → if she trips over then it’s a bad omen

181
Q

univirae

A

women who have only been married once
–> will teach a new bride about the birds and the bees and then throw her to the wolves (wolf)

182
Q

epithamium

A

poem that compares the bride and groom to all the great heroes in greco-roman mythology

183
Q

sextratum iunctio

A

the “joining of the right hands” depicted in many mosaics

184
Q

palladium

A

religious symbol given to trojans by athena

carried out of troy by aeneas and his father

185
Q

where does aeneas go after he escapes troy

A

goes and meets King Latinus, defeats his enemies and marries his daughter
then founded and named a city after his wife

186
Q

ascanius

A

son of aeneas

founded a city –> alba longa

becomes ancestor of a series of 14 kings

187
Q

numitor and amulius

A

numitor good! amulius bad :(

188
Q

pomerium

A

inside of city limits

sacred boundary hat protects the city –> get 2 white oxen and plow the boundary all the way across

189
Q

latium

A

area around rome

wide open space, no mountains

190
Q

why was Rome founded where it was

A
  • defensible
  • lots of volcanic soil/water –> good for agriculture
  • Tiber provides excellent means of transportation
  • lots of trade
  • lots of natural resources (ex. salt)
191
Q

curia

A

central meeting hall (like city hall)

where elders meet to make decisions

192
Q

Rape of the Sabine women

A

basically invited sabines to party, stole all the women, drove out the men
–> Sabines plot to get their women back but the romans are ready

ended up trucing

193
Q

servius tullius

A

6th regal king

originally a slave, but the 5th king’s wife liked him better than any of her own kids

got married to their first child so that he will succeed

194
Q

succession of the plebs

A

all the plebians leave Rome in a strike and went to a sacred mountain –> had to negotiate for them to come back

conditions:
- free al plebians from debt
- set up guardians for the plebians

now have the same rights !!

195
Q

battle of lake regillus

A

the battle is at a stalemate and both romand the latin league lost so much

decide to just make an alliance

196
Q

connubium

A

the right of legal marriage

can only marry people from your state or from an allied city/territory

197
Q

commercium

A

“free trade” –> allows people to participate in commercial trade for free

provides legal protection

198
Q

migratio

A

right to become citizen of a foreign territory just by moving and living there

199
Q

capitoline temple

A

build to dedicate jupiter, juno, and minerva

200
Q

what came out of the alliance between rome and the latin league

A
  1. eternal peace
  2. military cooperation against third party aggressors
  3. shared spoils from military endeavours
  4. legal force for the common rights of the latini:
    - conubium, commercium, migratio
201
Q

3 levels of citizenship

A

CIVITAS OPTIMO IURE : full citizenship

CIVITAS SINE SUFFERAGIO: citizenship without the vote

CIVITATES FOEDERATAE: just allies not citizens
–> allowed connubium and commercium with rome but not one another

202
Q
A

CLA 1102 (2 decks)

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