final Flashcards by Paul Lafond

ethics

how to live and what to do

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political philosophy

how to live in a political community

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sheer power

power to influence people (descriptive)

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legitimate power

the right to use the power (normative)

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Theory the good

what is good in life ie: hedonism

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theory of the right

what one should do ie: utilitarianism

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Deontology

sets up rules and constraints to determine what is right or wrong

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creon vs antigone dimensions

-family vs political
-woman vs man
-individual vs state
-religious vs political
-morality vs law

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accounts of legitimacy in antigone

-maintenance of order (Creon)
-objective justice (from gods or wise counsel)
-responsiveness to citizen views

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Why didn’t Socrates write

-Writings have to be adapted to different audiences
-have a duty to flatter rather than impart wisdom

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is it possible to fight for justice in politics according to Socrates

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how should one live according to Socrates

search or the truth/virtue/

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tension of apology and crito

defense of search of the truth vs defense of the laws

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What was socrates accused of

impiety and corruption of the young

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orders of knowledge

1st your beliefs
2nd knowledge of your beliefs

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Socrates’ arguments for obeying the decision of the polis

owe it to the city obey the laws
polis is like a parent therefore should listen to it
consented to the laws when deciding to live in the polis
to disobey the laws undermines them

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Negative/liberal freedom

an absence of negative constraints

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Civil/political freedom

living under laws that you contributed to

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Spiritual/Moral freedom

ideal of self-mastery, master of your emotion

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Liberatarianism

value liberal freedom so little to no state

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Political obligation (Thoreau)

-the right to revolution
-things you must do while ignoring the cost/benefit.
-duty not to contribute to evil

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opinion on patriotism according to thoreau

leads to a contribution to injustice

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criticism of USA by thoreau

-slave state
-unjust war against mexico

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Thoreau on gov

-Best if none
-Limited
-sphere of conscience: do what I think is right

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highest power in society according to Thoreau

Individual

defacto authority according to Wolff

claims right to command

legitimate authority according to Wolff

Has the right to comand

obeying a command

doing it bc someone told you not for other reasons

Wolff's thesis

-Authority is legitimate if compatible with autonomy of citizens -Obeying authority means forfeiting autonomy -Therefore authority is illegitimate

Challenges to Wolff's thesis

equal level of autonomy for everyone, is autonomy the highest value?, acting under authority can require judgement

State of nature (Locke)

-no laws except for that of the law of nature -each individual is an executive force -everyone is equal and free under state of nature -you must enact punishment in state of nature -no common judiciary

Why do we enter society according to Locke

to protect property to have a common judiciary to have executive to enforce it

What makes a government

impartial and common judiciary force

theory of Consent locke

-if government doesn't violate consent you hold political obligation. -You tacitly consent by enjoying the goods of the state

how to legitimize authority

social contract

vertical freedom

living under of laws and if dependent on laws of a tyrant then not free. Only free if you choose. (Rousseau)

horizontal freedom

relationship between others. If you are dependent on someone then you're not free.

rousseau on representatives

cannot transfer sovereignty onto a rep

Rousseau on rulers

cannot impose a ruler on yourself

Rousseau on unanimity social contract and laws

social contract is unanimous while laws don't have to be

requirement of general will

-have to be common interests -rough material equality -rough cultural homogeneity -no partial interests so no orators or lobyists

2 ways to obtain property

get everyone's consent mix your labour into smt such as picking an apple.

conditions for consent according to Locke

Intentionality and voluntary

what is the supreme branch according to Locke

legislative

2 reasons for government being disolved

Undermining of the legislature or breach of trust

Theory of constitutional gov

dispersion of power amongst branches of gov

according to locke why do you have a right to obtain property

Earth is ours according to god and we would die if we couldn't acquire food or other things

limits to property according to locke

can't have spoilage and must leave some for others

problems of state of nature

-no known positive law (no common legislative power to give us laws) -no impartial judge -no common executive power to enforce resolutions of disputes

natural liberty

under no law except natural law

Societal liberty

Be under no other legislative power but that established by consent, in the commonwealth;

State of nature according to Rousseau

born free and equal not a real period of time

is total independence possible according to Rousseau

No, needs have grown and we rely on the expertise of others

political community emerged from social contract

-a community with a general will that is the source for laws -people remain sovereign as there are no representatives

general will according to Rousseau

shared and collective common desire for the people of the community

problem of privilege according to Sieyes

-Creates divergent interests -Political expression of private interests -Citizenship is based on equality so claiming privileges excludes you of the nation

Does Sieyes believe in representation

yes cannot gather everyone

What is the legitimate source of political authority according to Sieyes

The Sovereign nation

Can sovereignty be given up according to Sieyes

Who is a member of political nation according to Sieyes

those Sharing political institution

definition of sovereign nation according to Sieyes

-When you have a body of associates living under the same law and legislature, you have a nation 1. Body of associates 2. Common laws 3. Common representation

Value of violence according to Fanon

Individual release