Final Flashcards
Mirological view
Identity is sum of components
Spatio temporal view
Keep identity if gradual changes
impact bias
overestimate the duration and strength of emotions
Self-perception theory
infer inner states by behaviors
Self other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA)
according to self-perception theory, other people might know us better than ourselves
over-justification effect
if offered with external rewards to do something, might lose the intrinsic motivation
social comparison theory
we evaluate ourselves in relation to others (downward, upward and lateral comparison)
Sociometer theory
self-esteem as a gauge of interpersonal relationships
Terror management theory
self-esteem to deal with fear of death
self-discrepancy theory
feel bad if discrepancy between Actual, Ought and Ideal self
Dunning-Kruger effect
overestimate our own abilities
pareidolia
see faces in objects
stereotype content model
perceive others on two factors: warmth and competence
Correspondent Inference theory
try to explain why people make internal or external attributions
Kelleys covariation theory
make inference depending on consensus, distinctiveness and consistency
ambivalent sexism
Hostile (negative feelings) and Benevolent (chivalrous feelings)
System justification theory
try to defend the current social model
social identity theory
favorise in group members for self esteem
Correspondence principle
measure can predict behavior if measured attitude corresponds to behavior
Theory of planned behavior
Attitude+Subjective norms+Perceived Behavioral control–>Intentions–>behavior
sleeper effect
delayed impact of non-credible speaker
inoculation hypothesis
if weak argument is given, become more resistent to those arguments in the future
cognitive dissonance theory
change attitudes to be more consistent with behaviors
Moscovici’s theory
to be influencing, minorities should be consistent and appear open-minded
Foot in the door
individual completes a small request and then ask for more
Low balling
individual agress to small request and then add extra fees
Door in the face
initial high request and then more reasonable one
That’s not all
Initial request and immediate discount
Social Impact Theory
People obey more depending on strength of the source (status), Distance and Number
What are the three types of loneliness?
Which factors influence initial attraction?
stimulus-value-role theory
three stages in relationship->stimulus (external attributes), value (common values and beliefs), roles (husband and wife)
Social Exchange theory
desire to maximize gains and reduce losses
Triangular theory of love
Passion, intimacy and commitment
What are the three attachment styles ?
Secure, Anxious and avoidant
Bowlby’s attachment theory
evolution wired us to seek contact
What are the signs of bad communication in a relationship?
contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling and criticism
Relationship-enhancing attribution
Desirable behaviors of partner->inherent
undesirable traits->situational
distress-maintaining attribution
undesirable behaviors of partner->inherent
desirable traits->situational
What are the factors of groupness/entitativity in Gestalt principles?
Similarity, Proximity and moving together
What factors encourage a tight society?
Great ecological or historical threat, higer pop density, restrictive government or religion
Explain social facilitation and social loafing
distraction conflict theory
In social facilitation theory->stimulus can distract the individual from their task
collective effort model
if individual thinks that their effort matter, no social loafing
Social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE)
when individual experiences deindividuation, their new social identity depends on people surrounding them
What are the three types of tasks influenced by process loss
Additive task->sum of contributions
Conjunctive task->determined by poorest perf
Disjunctive task->determined by higher perf
What is the group polarization effect?
After brainstorming, groups tend to move toward extremes
What is groupthink?
When the need for agreement is the priority
What are the two types of social dilemmas?
Resource dilemma->finite resource, if someone take everything, no more for others
Public goods dilemmas->people contribute to common pool
What are the two types of aggression?
Proactive/Instrumental aggression->means to another end
Reactive/Emotional aggression->end in itself
Who’s more aggressive
Males (in physical violence), teenagers and young adults, individualistic societies, people low on agreeableness and openness and high on neuroticism
What is the Dark Triad?
A set of negative personality traits (Narcissism, machiavellianism, psychopathy) that can predict violence
Under which conditions does corporal punishment work?
Has to follow directly the behavior, be strong enough, systematic and perceived as fair
Hostile attribution bias
Perceive hostile intents from others
Describes the Multisystemic therapy (MST)
therapy that focus on the individual as well as the environment (ex: family), it is often used in juvenile deliquency
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
when we feel empathy toward someone, we will help no matter the gain
describe the bystander effect
the greater the number of bystanders witnessing an emergency, the less likely it is that anyone is going to help
Urban overload hypothesis
individuals in urban environment are bombarded with stimuli and therefore, less likely to notice someone in need
pluralistic ignorance
people mistakenly believe that others predominantly hold an opinion different from their own
