Final Flashcards
What are Gottsman’s 4 Horsemen
Criticism (verbally attacking personality or character)
Contempt (Attacking sense of self with intent to insult or abuse)
Defensiveness (Victimizing yourself to ward off a perceived attack and reverse the blame)
Stonewalling (Withdrawing to Avoid Conflict and convey disapproval, distance, and separation)
What are the antidotes to Gottsman’s 4 Horsemen?
Gentle Start up (Talk about your feelings using I statements)
Build a culture of appreciation (reminding yourself of your partner’s positive qualities)
Take responsibility (Accept your partners perspective, and offer an apology for any wrong doing)
Physiological Self-soothing (Take a break and spend that time doing something soothing and distracting)
What is the Morbidity-Mortality Paradox?
-Women have higher rates of chronic, nonfatal, debilitating conditions (Morbidity) Men have higher rates of death from all the most common causes of death except Alzheimer’s (Mortality). True across all ages in all regions of the world.
What are some possible explanations for the Morbidity-Mortality Paradox?
Men are more likely to participate in risky behaviors
83% of accidental deaths are men.
71% of vehicular fatalities,
Men are more reckless drivers, less likely to wear seatbelts, more likely to speed etc.. 3 times more likely to die in a road accident even controlled for how often they drive.
Could be derived from evolutionary theory of health and longevity
Smoking, HIV, Binge Drinking, eating habits, alcoholism
Health-relevant traits (how people are)
Agentic traits and illness
Unmitigated agency-trait negatively impacts physical health by creating interpersonal conflicts, eroding social support
Unmitigated communion-negatively impacts physical health by leading people to be overly intrusive and to exert great deals of energy to support others
Biological Explanations
Y chromosome significantly smaller than x chromosome, more susceptible to abnormal disease producing genes, muscle dystrophy or hemophilia. The extra x allows the normal genes to override any abnormalities
Hormones
Testosterone
Suppresses body’s immune system, increases risk taking behaviors, increases deposition of healthy fat, results in men being more vulnerable to infections
Estrogen:
Increases cardiovascular output, mimicking exercise. increases expression of longevity-associated genes Increases risk for some forms of cancer.
What is the order of ACT-CC
A: Appreciation: Expressing gratitude to others
Idea of Masters vs. Disasters
Masters: Scan the social environment and the partner for things they can appreciate and say thank you for.
Disasters: Scan the social environment for partner’s mistakes.
A: Affection
He mentioned love languages in class, but mostly to say there isn’t a lot of scientific backing. Main idea is there are a lot of ways to show love and we should try to cater to the specific people we interact with
Masters: Turn toward bids (attempts to engage) are reciprocated
Disasters: Turn toward bids aren’t reciprocated as often
C: Commitment:
Self-disclosure,
Forgiveness
Showing up
T: Time together: Value in both big events and everyday effects
Productive vs. Consumptive activities
C: Constructive Problem Solving
What characterizes constructive problem solving? “What distinguishes the marriages that last from those that don’t is not how often they argue, but how they argue and how they treat each other on a daily basis.”
Communication
What are the main predictors of division of work?
Time availability
Relative income hypothesis
Trade off income for housework based on whoever makes more money
Gender role ideology hypothesis
Maternal Gatekeeping
Women’s reluctance to give up household and childcare work to men
What is the glass ceiling effect?
The invisible barriers that keep women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements
What is the glass cliff effect?
Women get called upon more often than men to help save companies in decline (when a company needs to be saved from failure or from a high-profile scandal) Ex. Boeing
What is the sticky floor effect?
Barriers that keep low-wage workers from ascending from the bottom
What is the glass escalator effect?
The structural advantage that males possess in female-dominated occupations that tend to enhance males’ careers. Ex. Registered nurses, elementary and middle school teachers, social workers)
What is Dunbar’s number
The number of people with a person’s social circle of friends, close friends, etc. usually max’s out around 150.
What is the top reason for seeking marital therapy?
Emotional affection (basic unhappiness/lack of love, vague affection/intimacy, feeling alone/can’t confide in spouse)
What is the bottom reason for seeking Marital therapy?
Infidelity/flirting
What are chosen families?
LGBTQ+ intentional community of friends, stand in for biological families.
What are the gender differences in how men and women seek closeness and intimacy in relationships?
Men: Focus on shared activities, Conversations about nonpersonal topics
Women: Shared emotions, personal disclosure, talking through problems, social support.
What is the homosocial perspective
Men achieve friendship intimacy by hierarchical units that share goals and joint activities that contain opposing emotions (Competition)
What are the 6 things that were talked about to increase belonging for LGBTQ+ students
Talk kindly about the LGBTQ people in your life. Share the positive ways they impact you.
Use the language and labels individuals use to describe themselves. If they use SSA, use that.
Cultivate curiosity about the lives of LGBTQ friends and family. Ask them respectful questions. Admit when you don’t know. Open-ended questions, Not asking about the future, gives additional pressure.
Do your own research on LGBTQ related issues, including current events that impact your loved-ones.
Be aware of conversations, meetings and groups where the perspective of LGBTQ & SSA people are needed.
Include your LGBTQ and SSA friends in your day-to-day life.
Which race/ethnicity experienced the most growth in identifying as LGBT over the last 5 years?
Hispanic
What are the proposed etiologies of sexual orientation?
Fraternal Birth Order Effect: The More older brothers, the higher chances that one of the younger brothers will identify as gay.
Neurohormonal Effect: Effects of testosterone, causes 2D, 4D effect. 2D generally longer in homosexual men
Alliance Formation Hypothesis connections = survive
Kin Selection: Increasing the chances of their relatives surviving, altruism, “gay uncle effect”,
Fecundity Hypothesis: More maternal relatives
Tipping Point: Alleles = attraction
Biobehavioral model like/love/desire = fluidity
What is the latino health paradox?
Latinos live longer than whites generally, despite having lower education levels and incomes and being far less likely to have health insurance
Which group has the lowest life expectancy?
Native Americans
