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Sampling and Analysis > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the instrument (including the detector) used today to provide positive identification of ion chemicals detected in environmental samples?

a. ion chromatograph with conductivity cell
b. atomic absorption spectrophotmeter with photomultiplier tube
c. gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector
d. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with photomultiplier tube
e. ion chromatograph with photo diode array
f. gas chromatograph with photo diode array
g. atomic absorption spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector
h. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector

A

a. ion chromatograph with conductivity cell

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2
Q

What is the name of the instrument (including the detector) used today to provide positive identification of metal chemicals detected in environmental samples?

a. ion chromatograph with conductivity cell
b. atomic absorption spectrophotometer with photomultiplier tube
c. gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector
d. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with photomultiplier tube
e. ion chromatograph with photo diode array
f. gas chromatograph with photo diode array
g. atomic absorption spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector
h. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector

A

b. atomic absorption spectrophotometer with photomultiplier tube

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3
Q

What is the name of the instrument (including the detector) used today to provide positive identification of organic chemicals detected in environmental samples?

a. ion chromatograph with conductivity cell
b. atomic absorption spectrophotmeter with photomultiplier tube
c. gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector
d. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with photomultiplier tube
e. ion chromatograph with photo diode array
f. gas chromatograph with photo diode array
g. atomic absorption spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector
h. inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer with thermal conductivity detector

A

c. gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector

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4
Q

From the following list, which environmental pollutants can be measured using an immunoassay field test kit?

a. Hydrocarbons
b. Pesticides
c. photosynthetically available radiation (PAR)
d. Haptens
e. Proteins

A

a. Hydrocarbons

b. Pesticides

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5
Q

What are the advantages of an immunoassay field test kit?

a. little training required
b. fast analysis
c. inexpensive analysis
d. haptens produce interferences
e. potential for false positives

A

a. little training required
b. fast analysis
c. inexpensive analysis

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6
Q

Identify the field analysis from the following description – “An expression used to describe the optical property observed from the absorption and scattering of light by finely divided solids in a water sample.”

a. Turbidity
b. Secchi Disk
c. Optical Dissolved Oxygen (ODO)
d. Photosynthetically Available Radiation
e. Anemometry

A

a. Turbidity

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7
Q

Identify the field measurements that MUST be done in the field, not in the laboratory

a. conductivity
b. dissolved oxygen
c. sieve analysis
d. turbidity
e. pH
f. differential calculus

A

a. conductivity
b. dissolved oxygen
e. pH

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8
Q

What is not an example of a piece of equipment for taking a field measurement?

a. immunoassay kit
b. gas chromatograph
c. pH meter
d. turbidimeter

A

b. gas chromatograph

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9
Q

Why is it necessary to measure some properties of environmental samples immediately after collection?

a. A sample will change as soon as you remove it from the environment
b. It is too expensive to transport samples back to the lab
c. The sampling plan did not call for sample collection and retrieval
d. You’ve got the sample in a jar - may as well do something with it…

A

a. A sample will change as soon as you remove it from the environment

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10
Q

from the list below, select the air pollutant source as either anthropogenic or natural in nature

\_\_\_ 1. forest fires
\_\_\_ 2. volcanic eruptions
\_\_\_ 3. dust storms
\_\_\_ 4. meteor showers
\_\_\_ 5. smelting
\_\_\_ 6. cigarette smoking

a. anthropogenic
b. natural

A 
b 1. forest fires
b 2. volcanic eruptions
b 3. dust storms
b 4. meteor showers
a 5. smelting
a 6. cigarette smoking
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11
Q

Select the negative effects of air pollution

a. reduced visibility
b. lower growth rates in vegetation
c. respiratory, ear, nose, throat illnesses
d. corrosion of structures

A

a. reduced visibility
b. lower growth rates in vegetation
c. respiratory, ear, nose, throat illnesses
d. corrosion of structures

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12
Q

What are the physical parameters that should be measured and recorded during the collection of ambient air samples

a. barometric pressure
b. temperature
c. wind speed
d. precipitation
e. sampler name
f. time of day

A

a. barometric pressure
b. temperature
c. wind speed
d. precipitation

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13
Q

What are some properties that are used to categorize air pollutants? Select all that apply

a. vapor pressure
b. physical state
c. density
d. polarity
e. solubility
f. radiation
g. humidity

A

a. vapor pressure
b. physical state
c. density
d. polarity
e. solubility
f. radiation

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14
Q

Four different types of air quality decisions were identified and discussed in the Air Sampling module for this course. Match the Effect with the Description

\_\_\_ 1. Determination of effects:
\_\_\_ 2. Identification of pollutants causing effects:
\_\_\_ 3. Source attribution
\_\_\_ 4. Emissions control
\_\_\_ 5. Predominant Effects

a. atmospheric constituent must have the chemical and physical properties and be present in sufficient quantities to cause an unacceptable effect. Classification as a pollutant is based on measurements that establish a cause and effect relationship
b. perceive a problem exists and is caused by constituents in the atmosphere. Affects human respiration, visibility impairment, damage to plants and wildlife or is a nuisance. Observations determine the existence of the problem.
c. can only reduce exposure to air pollutants by going to their sources. Many sources exist so decisions must be made with respect to contributions from each source. These decisions are based on emissions, meteorological and ambient air measurements.
d. This is not an air quality decision…
e. many alternatives exist for reducing emissions. We need measurements of the control efficiency and the assumption that a reduction in emissions will be accompanied by a proportional reduction in ambient concentrations.

A 
b 1. Determination of effects:
a 2. Identification of pollutants causing effects:
c 3. Source attribution
e 4. Emissions control
d 5. Predominant Effects
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15
Q

Identify the following types of air sampling equipment as either grab or integrative:

___ 1. Canisters
___ 2. Tedlar bag
___ 3. Sorbent cartridge
___ 4. Diffusional badge

a. Integrative
b. Grab

A

b 1. Canisters
b 2. Tedlar bag
a 3. Sorbent cartridge
a 4. Diffusional badge

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16
Q

This term describes the situation when the front adsorbent portion of an adsorbent cartridge is overloaded with the analyte. Unretained analyte then passes through the first section. Were it not for the second section, unretained analyte would pass through the cartridge. The analysts would be unaware that the cartridge was overloaded.

a. Breakthrough
b. Breakout
c. Break-it-down!
d. Breakup
e. Break-in
f. Break-away

A

a. Breakthrough

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17
Q

What technique can be used and is suggested to prevent the problem of breakthrough from occurring?

a. Addition of a second sorbent cartridge
b. Addition of a second sorbent chamber
c. Running the analysis a second time
d. Increasing the size of the sorbent cartridge

A

b. Addition of a second sorbent chamber

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18
Q

What information is required to determine the volume of air collected from an air sampling project that uses an air sampling pump? Select all that apply

a. time
b. flow rate
c. temperature
d. location
e. time of day
f. pH

A

a. time

b. flow rate

19
Q

What properties influence the transport and dilution of an air pollutant in the atmosphere?

a. number of sampling stations
b. depth of calculations involved
c. wind speed, barometric pressure, temperature
d. wind direction, precipitation, humidity
e. radiation, vapor pressure, density of air pollutant

A

c. wind speed, barometric pressure, temperature
d. wind direction, precipitation, humidity
e. radiation, vapor pressure, density of air pollutant

20
Q

The analysis of air samples requires the collection of very large volumes of air. Explain why - select all that apply.

a. air pollutants are in very low concentration
b. air pollutants are spread out over a great distance
c. you can’t actually see air
d. air is made up of a large number of different compounds

A

a. air pollutants are in very low concentration

b. air pollutants are spread out over a great distance

21
Q

What are the principles that are used to collect and concentrate air pollutants from air?

a. cryogenics
b. whole air sampling
c. absorption/adsorption
d. filtration
e. breakthrough
f. precipitation
g. volatilization

A

a. cryogenics
b. whole air sampling
c. absorption/adsorption
d. filtration

22
Q

The United Classification System uses the grain or particle size of a soil to classify soil. How would you classify a soil sample that has a particle size at d50 between 0.6 and 2.0 mm?

a. medium sand
b. medium gravel
c. fine sand
d. fine gravel
e. coarse sand
f. coarse gravel
g. silt
h. clay

A

a. medium sand

23
Q

The zone of a soil that contains fresh decaying organic material (detritus) is the ____ horizon.

a. O
b. A
c. B
d. C
e. D
f. 1…2…3…

A

a. O

24
Q

The most important and most valuable horizon of soil and used as topsoil for the production of crops is called the ___ horizon.

a. O
b. A
c. B
d. C
e. D
f. 1…2…3…

A

b. A

25
Q

What type of sample container would you use for the collection of soil samples that are to be tested for: i) field analyses, ii) volatile hydrocarbons and iii) metals

_1. field analyses
_2. volatile organic compounds
_3. metals

a. plastic
b. plastic with tight fitting lid
c. glass with tight fitting lid

A

__a_ 1. field analyses
__c_ 2. volatile organic compounds
__b_ 3. metals

26
Q

There are 4 main categories used to classify soils according to particle size. What are they?

a. sand
b. silt
c. clay
d. gravel
e. loam
f. perlite

A

a. sand
b. silt
c. clay
d. gravel

27
Q

What is the relationship that exists between the particle size of a soil and its porosity and how is this information useful to an Environmental Technologist?

a. The porosity of the soil can be determined and used to assess (approximately) the soil’s permeability and from this pollutant migration tendency.
b. Increasing surface area improves extractions from the soil
c. reducing particle size increases surface area
d. particle size information helps engineers determine the best locations for installations

A

a. The porosity of the soil can be determined and used to assess (approximately) the soil’s permeability and from this pollutant migration tendency.

28
Q

Describe the correct procedure that should be followed to store and transport soil samples for the analysis of volatile organic chemicals. From the list below, select all that are correct

a. glass bottle
b. plastic bottle
c. no headspace
d. controlled headspace
e. headspace not a factor
f. chill container
g. keep container at room temperature
h. minimize agitation
i. shake it!
j. analyze expeditiously at the lab
k. VOC analysis can wait for up to 6 years with no degradation of results

A

a. glass bottle
c. no headspace
f. chill container
h. minimize agitation
j. analyze expeditiously at the lab

29
Q

What is one type of material that might be encountered subsurface as an aquifer? Select all that apply.

a. sand
b. gravel
c. permeable rock
d. impermeable rock
e. clay

A

a. sand
b. gravel
c. permeable rock

30
Q

Before the collection of groundwater samples from a groundwater monitoring well can be done, this activity must first be performed. Please explain the activity and its significance.

a. The well must be purged to remove any stagnant water.
b. Location must be determined and recorded by the inspector.
c. A site sketch must be made to clear the mind and focus
d. correlate the location what what was specified in the sampling plan

A

a. The well must be purged to remove any stagnant water.

31
Q

What is the name of the term in the equation for Darcy’s Law that is solved for and used to determine the flow of groundwater through an aquifer?

a. hydraulilc conductivity
b. elevation head
c. total head
d. head gradient
e. pressure and pressure head

A

a. hydraulilc conductivity

32
Q

Why is it important to collect samples from a water source in a manner such that the sampling device or sample container does not touch the river bottom?

a. Disturbing the sediment can introduce foreign matter into your sample
b. You are not collecting sediment
c. Your sampling equipment is not set up to collect sediment, and may become damaged
d. The sediment will settle, and so it will have no effect on your sampling

A

a. Disturbing the sediment can introduce foreign matter into your sample

33
Q

What are the properties of a groundwater sample you would look at to decide whether the sample collected is or is not representative of the well it was collected from?

a. dissolved oxygen concentration
b. oxidation state of iron
c. presence of particulate matter

A

a. dissolved oxygen concentration
b. oxidation state of iron
c. presence of particulate matter

34
Q

There are 3 different properties that assist or restrict the movement of groundwater. What are they?

a. gravity
b. pressure
c. friction
d. head pressure
e. head gradient

A

a. gravity
b. pressure
c. friction

35
Q

Water exists in several different forms and must be identified clearly during sample collection to avoid later confusion. Match the 5 different classes with the types of water samples that might be collected?

  1. Class I
  2. Class II
  3. Class III
  4. Class IV
  5. Class V

a. shellfish propagation and harvesting
b. recreation propagation and maintenance of healthy fish and wildlife
c. navigation, utility and industrial use
d. potable water supply
e. agricultural water supply

A 
\_\_d_ 1. Class I 
\_\_a_ 2. Class II 
\_\_b_ 3. Class III 
\_\_e_ 4. Class IV 
\_\_c_ 5. Class V
36
Q

Purging a well is a requirement for groundwater sampling as it removes the stagnant water in the well that is unrepresentative of the aquifer. The method and rate of purging, time between purging and sampling and the sampling itself will not depend on which of the following factors:

a. well diameter
b. well depth
c. recharge rate
d. aquifer thickness

A

d. aquifer thickness

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT a requirement on the chain of custody?

a. Signature
b. Date
c. Sample Name
d. Name of law firm representing client

A

d. Name of law firm representing client

38
Q

What is the purpose of attaching a legal seal or tape between the lid and exterior of a sample container after the collection of a sample in the field?

a. to ensure there was no tampering
b. to ensure there was no contamination of the sample
c. to ensure there was no leakage or escape of the sample
d. for a location to put the sample ID information on.

A

a. to ensure there was no tampering

39
Q

Explain what is meant by the term “relinquished by” on a chain of custody form.

a. It is the field that captures the individual who releases the sample
b. It is the field that captures the individual who receives the sample
c. It is the field that captures the individual who is carrying the sample
d. It is the field that captures the individual who is storing the sample

A

a. It is the field that captures the individual who releases the sample

40
Q

What is a chain of custody and what purpose does it serve?

a. It is a document used to communicate all of the necessary Standard Operating Procedures for a Sampling Plan
b. It is used to document or record the events and people involved with a sample collection and can be used as legal evidence
c. It is a legal document used to dictate the sampling procedures and outline for the collection, analysis and reporting of environmental data
d. It is the courts decision on the outcome of those that misrepresented an area of concern in a sampling plan that was in contravention of the facility operating approval

A

b. It is used to document or record the events and people involved with a sample collection and can be used as legal evidence

41
Q

What is a chronological document of the events and people that were involved with the samples collected?

a. chain of custody
b. field notebook
c. procedure
d. court order

A

a. chain of custody

42
Q

When conducting a legal sample, which of the following is true?

a. All sample containers must be prelabelled
b. A judge or member of the court must be present while all sampling is conducted
c. A judge or member of the court must be present while all analysis of samples is conducted
d. At least 3 samplers must conduct the same legal sampling and analysis to prove accuracy

A

a. All sample containers must be prelabelled

43
Q

Why is chain of custody important?

a. It preserves samples
b. It is evidence of samples from a legal view point
c. It is an important piece of equipment
d. All of the above

A

b. It is evidence of samples from a legal view point

44
Q

TRUE/FALSE: a new field notebook is required every time we go to collect a legal sample?

A

a. True

Sampling and Analysis (2 decks)

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