Final Flashcards
Pipes up to 12 inches diameter are usually designated by
It’s nominal inside diameter
The most distinguished feature on a pipe thread is
It’s taper
Rubber gaskets are generally used when
There are low pressures and cold services
To differentiate between pipes carrying different substances pipe systems are
Often color-coded
All pipe system should be installed in accordance with the
American standard code for pressure piping
In general piping should be supported to provide the necessary rigidity to prevent
All three, metal fatigue, to prevent sagging to provide drainage
Self cleaning strainers are used to
Automatically strain raw water to remove silt and debris
Pressure, equalizing, lines reduce, where and
Make large valves easier to open,
Plastic pipe is inert and continuous service to all
Acids, caustics, solvent. Most likely not used for oils.
Some pipe may be coated to
Prevent external or internal, corrosion and erosion, to prevent heat loss
A line used to control the concentration of impurities in a pressure vessel
A blow down line
Which type of pipe would be affected the least by corrosion
Stainless steel
(Work) equals in a cylinder
Force times piston, travel 
Most compressors, such as the reciprocating compressor are
Of the positive displacement type
The purpose of an intercooler on a two stage air compressor is
It reduces the power needed on a two-stage compressor
The advantage of unloading a compressor is
It can run without delivering air
Single stage vein compressors are capable of developing up to
50 psi
Unlike piston or reciprocating compressors, this type of compressor operates at speeds between 3000 and 12,000 RPM
Screw or rotary
The impeller compressor is designed for
High volume rather than high-pressure to deliver air
If temperature increases as the pressure increases, what happens to the air
The ability of the compressed air to hold moisture also increases
Water cooling in compressors is economical for
Medium size compressors for more than eight hours, a day and larger compressors operating more than 10 hours a day
During peak flow periods, air stored in the lines and in the air receiver will
Keep the overall system pressure from dropping too low if it cannot another or larger receivers were required
Inertial separators in a pneumatic circuit depend on the inertia of a heavy, moving particle to
Aid in the separation,the faster it is moving ,more rapid change in airflow
In addition to dust in cloud, particles, compressed air has
Very fine oil particles in the .01 2.8 µm range also called aerosols
If a filter stops 100% of a given particle size this is called
Absolute rating
The pros of a fine lubricator are
The lubrication is carried greater distances from the lubricator and is effective with equipment that is intermittent
Laminar airflow in a pneumatic circuit is
When an airline can handle the volume of air, that it flows through with no obstructions
When installed as compressor discharge and distribution lines, all horizontal pipe should slope approximately
1 inch for every 10 foot of pipe downward
While , disconnecting airlines where eye protection because
A blast of escaping air can blow dirt or chips into your eyes or face
A needle valve is a two way valve and an excellent valve for
High-pressure service as a throttling or flavored reducing valve
Spool valves operate in high pressures, and
Controls air by sliding and is easy to move
Five way valves have five external connections, many four-way valves have
Two external exhaust ports
A diaphragm relief valve, responding to increasing air pressure opens much faster than a poppet valve
The diaphragm valve has a larger pressure sensitive area than a poppet
Pressure relief valves only job is
To protect the system, and its components from damage
Regulator valve closes when discharge pressure increases when the secondary pressure equals spring pressure
The ceiling element is pulled upward closing off the valve opening
The best way to guard against successive pressure in a regulator is
By relieving low volume excess pressure in the secondary pressure line, if large buildup occur, a separate relief valve must be provided
On double acting cylinders, because the rod takes up some of the surface area of the piston
Less pressure can be exerted on the rod side, then on the cap side of the piston
To limit the return, stroke speed of a cylinder is usually controlled by
An exhaust flow control metering valve
Pivoted cylinder mountings are crossed as being
Tonyan or Cuevas, mounting it is a cylinder that must be free to pivot
Checking the control valve to determine if it is capable of handling, the air of a cylinder is referred to as
Is referred to as calculating the capacity coefficient
Piston motors, have a stalling torque, almost double
The starting torque
It’s typical horsepower curve for a pneumatic motor shows that maximum power output is
Obtained at medium speed and medium torque output
On piston motors, the cam attached to the offset shaft causes
The camp plate to rotate ,this motion is transferred through gears to the output shaft
In an air boosters, an air pressure of 100 psi can create hydraulic pressure of
1000 psi if the air piston drives a small diameter hydraulic piston
Fluid is any substance that is like
A liquid or a gas that flows
A steam line is to direct The steam to the trap
which bleeds the hot water out of the system
Pipe fittings like elbows are the parts that connect
Sections of pipe, sections of hoses, and sections of tubing
Sludge and corrosion can reduce the inside diameter of pipe that results in
A reduction in pressure
It is a rule that if the speed of a fluid is double
The friction is increased four times what it was before
Above 12 inches a pipe is ordinarily designated
By its outside diameter
Utility or service lines Carry
Steam, gas, water, compressed, air, and air conditioning fluids
A metal that contains iron is called
Ferrous metal
As viscosity rises in pipes, so does what
Friction also rises in the pipe
Water hammer is when
Water in a pipe is suddenly stopped or slowed
The most corrosive proof available pipe for industrial and sewage waste is
Vitrified clay pipe
A similar pipe to concrete with reinforcing rods and rings, but in addition, a welded steel shell embedded in the concrete is
Cylinder concrete pipe
Plastic pipe rarely has to be insulated, because
It is self insulating
Is suite disadvantage of threading pipe is
The threading weekends, the wall strength of the pipe
The advantages of glass pipe include
It’s great resistance to corrosion, contamination, and heat
Most tubing is very flexible and has some give to them this allows tubing to
Tubing can withstand vibration
Tubing eliminates fittings
They are flexible and can be run from one point to another with fewer fittings then if Piper used
Stainless steel tubing should be cut rapidly because
When stainless steel tubing is cut, it can become work hardened
Aluminum tubing joints are made by
Brazing, and by gas or arc welding
Solvent, cementing and heating fusion welding are
The methods of joining plastic tubing by fusion
To determine the size of a hose simply convert the size into sixteenths a one and 1/4 can be pronounced as
– 20
A hose with two layers of high strength synthetic cord reinforcement is called
Braided hose
Vacuum rating on a hose refers to
The degree of vacuum that is created before a hose begins to collapse
Teflon is using applications where hoses are required to carry
Corrosive, fluids and fluids at temperatures of up to 450°F
When a hose is damaged, the proper repair is
Cut off at least 1 foot of the hose beyond the damage area before recouping, then reverse the ends of the hoses
The standard of fittings 250 pound refers to
The pressure at which the fitting can be safely used
In the long radius, elbow the center to face distance is
Always one and a half times the diameter of the fitting
In the short radius, elbow fitting the sensor to face measurement equals
The pipe diameter, C divided by F equals D
With fittings, high temperature lines are usually made up with
A large, bend or loop to allow for expansion
In piping systems Aside from the main purpose, vibration, dampers, also help reduce
The effects of water hammer
Valves are made in a full range of sizes which match pipe and tubing sizes for example, a 3 inch valve would be selected for use in a pipeline width
A 3 inch diameter
Needle valves are used for very accurate
Throttling
In the swing check valve the closing element swings open and shut like trap doors. What type of flow does this valve offer
Little resistance to flow
The seal in an industrial valve is the same part that is called
Washer in a household valve
The separation of the Bonet assembly from the fluid line in a diaphragm valve, makes it excellent for use and applications
Where the fluid must be contaminant free
The 5 360 turns of the hand wheel on a blow valve, insures that the operation it started slowly, and
Prevent shock to the system
Pressure regulating valves demand are
Constantly changing
Where are safety valves referred to valves with gases and steam? A relief valve is used with.
Liquids
The particular advantage to ruptured disc relief valves is that
It can relieve large volumes of gas or liquid quickly
Solid particles in a high-pressure line can damage a valve in two ways
It can clog the valve so that it cannot close tightly and it wears away at the closing machine valve parts
For duplex filters when one filter element needs cleaning
The other side of the duplex unit is switched into service
Differential pressure is the difference in
PSI between the inlet and outlet pressures
If the line carrying dry saturated steam, at a pressure of 100 psi and a temperature of 338 Fahrenheit or below and there’s a dropping pressure somewhere
The saturated steam will change into superheated steam
Trap maintenance includes
Periodic, cleaning, removing sludge that interferes with valve action 
Absolute pressure is
Gauge pressure +14.7 pounds of atmospheric pressure
The bulb of a mercury temperature gauge is in capillary tube are contained inside a protective
Metal tube
The function of a vacuum (siphon)breaker is
To admit air into the line , whenever a vacuum develops
When adjusted for desired pressure, the regulator automatically
Maintains that pressure
Water cooled after coolers purpose are
To cool the hot air coming from the compressor
A compressor takes a volume of air from the atmosphere and
And compresses it into a smaller volume to increase its pressure
The size of compressor filters is generally determined by
The machines intake requirements
Why should corrosion resistant piping be used?
Because water also tends to promote rust and scale buildup in pipes and fittings
After lubricating oil is added to the airline air should travel no more than
About 30 feet
Pictoral symbols on a diagram are very useful for showing
The physical relationship and interconnections between components
Schematic symbols on a diagram, more clearly emphasize
The function and method of operation of components 
Pilot or signal lines are drawn as
A series of long dashes
Understanding a pneumatic circuit can best be accomplished by
Studying small segments at a time
Symbols for special devices are drawn by
The manufacturer
Receivers must be equipped with pressure, gauges, and safety valves according to
A SME the American society of mechanical engineers
When installing pipe into a system, it is better to select a slightly oversized pipe because
It can accommodate additional demands
Pipe support spacing should be
Close enough together to prevent any appreciable SAG
In tubing fitting leaks, never take a chance if the flares not good you should
Cut it off and do it over
The best way to conduct plant maintenance is
With a plan maintenance program where all equipment is checked on a regular basis
Within pipe systems, excessive pressure results in
Accelerated where, possible overstressing, and premature failure of parts
Air control valves for industrial control circuits are
For the most part designed and built for use with pressures up to 150 psi
It is best to check the items on a maintenance login records at least once in the shift it is best to do this when
Early in the shift or at the beginning
Records of control valve and cylinder operating cycles are usually obtained from
Production records
Troubleshooting checks are determined by the
Type and number of components in the system
When locating trouble in a system, if there is air pressure in the supply , the sequence would
Start at the Air Supply and proceeded to the system actuator
Within the operations manual under general information, what is not in the system description and operation section
Troubleshooting procedures
When piston seals become worn and a leak check for leakage
by observing the exhaust ports
If the control valve action is sluggish, you must check
The moving parts for insufficient lubrication or swollen seals
Sheet generated during compression is controlled by
Limiting the pressure of the compressed air 
It’s a surrounding air around a cylinder is dusty or oily you must
Frequently clean with a detergent or steam
Valve wear of discharge valves is a result of?
Heat and accumulation of carbon deposits
In motor starting controls one way to check if the unloader is the problem you must
Let out all the air in the compressor reservoir and start the compressor again
Out of lubrication bearings and seals and intake valves, which maintenance item is not the same for all rotary compressions
Intake valves are not the same maintenance item
In troubleshooting controls, a control malfunction can best be isolated by
Analyzing the performance or lack of performance of the components and the pneumatic circuit
If there’s a loss of power in the pneumatic circuit, the system goes into
The system goes into manual
Solenoids are activated by
Ajit field set up by the flow of electrical current
If the valve has low air pressure, it can be shifted manually but
The circuit response may still not be correct
The use of improper lubricant in a control valve will not cause it to
Shift without a signal
Within a cylinder, tie rod cylinders are used mostly in
Industrial applications
This gland access the support or bearing for the piston rod as the travels back-and-forth during its work cycle
A bushing
Applications regarding a cylinder that involve higher temperatures or 200°F require
Special seals for the cylinder
Often improperly torqued which causes internal misalignment within the cylinder this is
Tie rod
The function of an internal cushion is to
Protect the cylinder from damage
When installing couplings on a hose, if the fitting is difficult, you must
Lubricate the nipple and the inside of the hose with a soapy solution
When you repair air motors or tools remember that they are precision built you must
Exercise care when disassembling and assembling them
The service life of air motors is limited unless
The air is clean, dry, and filtered
When inspecting a grinder gives special attention to
The arbor or motor shaft of an automatic grinder
Because of their slower operating speeds this air motor requires less maintenance than other air motors
Radial , piston air motors
The lower pressure in air oil tanks is overcome by
Relatively large work cylinders are required for anything except low output force
The main components in an air hydraulic booster, are it
Air, piston and hydraulic ram
Within single pressure booster systems, the manual shut off valve is used to
Adjust the oil levels between the make up tank and return tank as required
With an air oil cylinders possibility of air leakage is eliminated by
Placing a bleeder space or passage between the two sets of rod seals in the center of the unit
Another way of combining hydraulic and pneumatic systems is by interlocking their independent actions. The two independent systems are used for.
Economy and speed
But because the electric power sources do not always deliver their power output in a directly usable form , hydraulic systems
Convert electrical energy into usable energy
The function of a control valve in a system is
All of the above controls, the path controls the flow and controls the pressure
Fluid transmits hydraulic power through the system, but it also serves the important function of
Lubricating the hydraulic equipment
Before working on system, the first thing to understand is
The operation of the basic machine or system installed
In order for the system to provide correct hydraulic action, the valves and other components must be
Installed correctly
This diagram shows the general location, purpose, and appearance of the systems elements
A pictorial diagram
What illustrates the elements that make up a hydraulic system
All types of diagrams, pictorial, cutaway, and schematic diagrams illustrates the elements that make up a hydraulic system
These are used in a diagram to show the elements of the system shown as a device or a sign that stands for something
Schematic symbols
The first thing to do when reading a schematic of a hydraulic system is
Get the overall view of the system
The control valve symbol on a diagram, illustrates fluid flow and
Shows the valves function
Each major component in a hydraulic system has its own particular
Installation techniques that must be considered during installation
To provide proper alignment between pump and drive motor, this should be used
Flexible, coupling
You must jog the drive when starting a newly installed pump to
Make sure that rotation direction is correct before running the system
When hydraulic control valves are held together by bolts this is called
Manifold Ing only the four way valve is piped using this method
Which statement is not true about installing solenoids
Clipping off, the solenoid leads is not a good tip for installing solenoids
